温度降低对UMSR处理高氨氮低碳氮比养猪废水效能的影响

针对干清粪养猪废水高氨氮低碳氮比的特点,前期研发了升流式微氧活性污泥反应器(UMSR),在23℃条件下可实现碳氮的高效同步去除。为降低处理成本,在HRT 8 h和出水回流比45:1的条件下,对UMSR在20℃、17℃和15℃下的COD、NH_4~+-N和TN去除效果进行了考察。结果表明,当温度阶段性地从20℃降低为15℃时,UMSR对养猪废水COD的去除率变化不大,均可保持在60%以上,但NH_4~+-N和TN去除率分别从98.9%和79.8%左右大幅下降到了61.8%和39.7%左右。在17℃条件下,UMSR对COD、NH_4~+-N和TN的去除率分别平均为62.4%、80.7%和71.2%,出水浓度分别为71、55.5和80.7 mg·L~(-1)左右,完全满足《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB 18596—2001)的要求。在15～20℃范围内,温度的降低并没有显著改变UMSR系统的脱氮机制,仍然保持着以ANAMMOX为主要脱氮途径的特征。     

好氧移动床动态膜生物反应器处理高氨氮、低碳/氮废水

将好氧移动床工艺与动态膜生物反应相结合,用于处理高氨氮、低碳/氮废水,试验结果表明,反应器具有良好的处理效果,在整个试验期间,出水COD、氨氮和浊度分别在50 mg/L、50 mg/L和8 NTU以下,反应器对COD、氨氮和浊度的平均去除率分别为80%、75%和80%。同时,本次试验还对系统的稳定性进行了研究,结果表明,好氧移动床动态膜生物反应器具有很好的抗流量冲击和有机物浓度冲击的能力;而且低温(10℃左右)和水力停留时间(13～18 h之间波动)对系统的影响不明显。     

升流式微氧生物膜反应器处理高氨氮低C/N比养猪废水的效能

针对高氨氮低C/N比干清粪养猪废水处理面临的脱氮问题,制作并运行了一种升流式微氧生物膜反应器（UMBR）,考察了废水水质和由出水回流比调控的溶解氧（DO）对系统处理效能的影响。结果表明,将系统内DO控制在0.23～0.70 mg·L^-1范围,不会对UMBR的COD去除率造成不良影响,而且能够保证NH₄^--N的氧化效能。但DO为0.70 mg·L^-1的微氧环境,会抑制厌氧氨氧化作用,降低系统的TN去除效能。在HRT 8 h、27℃和DO 0.40 mg·L^-1的条件下,UMBR对NH₄^--N和TN的去除负荷平均可达0.94和0.91 kg·m^-3·d^-1,COD去除负荷也能达到0.60 kg·m^-3·d^-1左右。分析认为,填料的布设及生物膜的着生,不仅保证了UMBR的微生物持有量,而且可为化能自养菌群、氨氮氧化菌群、自养反硝化菌群和异养反硝化菌群等微生物类群创造各自适宜的微环境,是系统保持污染物高效去除的生物学基础。     

HCR工艺处理高浓度氨氮有机废水

研究了高效好氧生物反应器(HCR)系统处理高浓度氨氮有机废水的可行性,对影响系统处理效果的因素进行了分析和探讨.结果表明:当进水中氨氮为2 000～2 200 mg/L、COD 500～9000 mg/L、pH 9.5～10.0,系统反应的水力停留时间7.0～7.5 h时,氨氮去除率最高达到72%以上,氨氮容积负荷最高达到4.8 kg/(m3·d)以上,COD容积负荷最高达到21.6 kg/(m3·d).说明HCR系统预处理高浓度氨氮有机废水可行.     

一体式A/O/DMBR处理高氨氮化粪池废水的研究

自制了一套新型一体式厌氧/好氧/动态膜生物反应器(A/O/DMBR),并将其应用于高浓度氨氮化粪池废水的处理.结果表明,A/O/DMBR达到了良好的有机物和氨氮去除效果,平均去除率分别为81.5％和87.0％.同时还表现出较强的脱氮能力和较好的稳定性,好氧单元和缺氧单元污泥的比硝化速率和比反硝化速率分别达到2.79、1.33 mg/(g·h).     

一体化OCO反应器对炼油废水生物脱氮的研究

针对炼油废水氨氮和总氮超标的特点,采用一体化OCO反应器对炼油废水进行生物脱氮试验,对一体化OCO反应器的设计进行了分析,并考察了溶解氧、水力停留时间、有机负荷、BOD5与总氮质量比等因素对一体化OCO反应器生物脱氮的影响.设计的一体化OCO反应器的厌氧区、缺氧区、好氧区容积比为2∶1∶1.3,进入生化系统的炼油废水在...     

膜生物反应器处理高氨氮有机废水的研究

采用膜评价池和生物曝气池组成的膜生物反应器处理含不同高浓度氨氮的有机废水,研究结果表明:(1)好氧膜生物反应器能有效处理高氨氮有机废水中的有机物,COD总去除率在95%以上;(2)好氧膜生物反应器在污水的脱氮处理中具有较好的前景,当总氮负荷为0.15kgTN/kgMLSS.d时,脱氮效率可达95.3%;(3)当膜的TMP=0.1Mpa,膜评价池水通量的变化范围为93～223L/m2·h。     

内循环膜生物反应器处理啤酒废水

介绍了一种新型低能耗、高效膜生物反应器——内循环膜生物反应器（ICMBR）。反应器是在IC反应器的第二好氧反应室设置中空纤维膜组件和穿孔曝气管构成的IC＋MBR集成工艺;其运行特征相当于上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）和膜生物反应器（MBR）的串联运行,并利用气体提升达到内循环,成功实现有机物去除和同步生物脱氮,CODCr和TN去除率分别达到90％以上。     

高氨氮废水的处理技术

介绍了高氨氮煤化工废水的处理技术:物化法、生化联合法和新型生物脱氮法。目前实际应用中多采用生化联合法技术,在生物处理前,先对高浓度氨氮废水进行物化处理。短程硝化反硝化等一些新型生物脱氮法技术前景看好,值得关注。     

新型一体式膜生物反应器处理高氨氮、低C/N废水的研究

采用新型一体式膜生物反应器处理高氨氮,低C/N废水.考察了高氨氮、不同进水C/N条件下,反应器对污染物的处理效果,研究了水力停留时间(HRT)和温度对系统稳定性的影响情况.结果表明,当进水氨氮质量浓度为 98.0～150.0mg·L-1,COD/TN为0.8～5.7时,COD、氨氮、TN去除率均随进水C/N的增加而升高,且对TN的去除效果影响最大;温度和HRT都对系统稳定性有一定的影响,低温和较短的HRT都不利于污染物的去除.     

氨氮对EGSB反应器处理高浓度有机废水的影响

在以葡萄糖为基质长期运行的厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器里,研究了氨氮对EGSB反应器处理高浓度有机废水的影响。结果表明,在进水COD的质量浓度为7000mg/L,有机负荷为48 kg[COD]/(m3.d),水力停留时间为3.5h,回流比为12,水力上升流速为3.38 m/h的条件下,当氨氮的质量浓度小于200mg/L时,对厌氧反应器中的微生物有刺激作用;当氨氮的质量浓度在200～500mg/L时,氨氮浓度的增加对微生物无不利影响,反应器趋于稳定状态,COD去除率为96%左右;当氨氮的质量浓度在500～2000mg/L时,氨氮浓度的变化会对微生物产生短暂的抑制作用,但经过短期的驯化之后即可恢复到原来的状态,此阶段系统运行不稳定;氨氮的质量浓度大于2000mg/L时,则有明显的抑制作用;氨氮的质量浓度达到2736mg/L时,产气量降为47.59L/d,为初始产气量的一半,挥发性有机酸的质量浓度急剧升高至265mg/L,系统出现明显的酸化现象。整个试验过程中,碱度、pH值以及SS随着氨氮浓度的增加稍有增加,但pH值变化不大,基本维持在6.8～7.5。     

Effect of COD/NO3-N ratio on the performance of a hybrid UASB reactor treating phenolic wastewater

The effect of COD/O₃⁻-N ratio on the biodegradation of complex phenolic mixture was studied in bench scale hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (HUASB) reactors. HUASB reactor is a combination of a UASB unit at the lower part and an anaerobic fixed film at the upper end. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biodegradability of phenolic mixture (from synthetic coal wastewater) as the only carbon and energy source in continuous experiments using nitrate as the final electron acceptor. Synthetic coal wastewater contained phenol (490 mg/L); m-,o-,p-cresols (123.0 mg/L, 58.6 mg/L, 42 mg/L); 2,4-, 2,5-, 3,4- and 3,5 dimethyl phenols (6.3 mg/L, 6.3 mg/L, 4.4 mg/L and 21.3 mg/L) as major phenolic compounds representing the complex phenolic mixture. Nitrate nitrogen loading was increased from 0.11 g/m³/d to 0.5 g/m³/d in order to keep COD/NO₃⁻-N ratio as 20.1, 14.85, 9.9, 6.36 and 4.45. An input phenolics concentration of 752 mg/L and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h was maintained through out the study. Removal of phenolic mixture was found to increase with the lowering of COD/NO₃⁻-N ratio. Maximum phenolics removal of 98% was achieved at a COD/NO₃⁻-N ratio of 6.36. However, phenolics removal got adversely affected when COD/NO₃⁻-N ratio was reduced below 6.36. A nitrogen production efficiency of 78% was obtained according to nitrate consumption. Simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis was observed in all the reactors throughout the study, demonstrating that denitrification is a feasible alternative for the treatment of coal wastewater. Granules degrading complex phenolic mixture were of diameter 1.6–2.25 mm.     

木质填料床A/O系统处理低C/N比养猪废水的效能与脱氮机制

针对干清粪式养猪废水 浓度高和低C/N比的特点构建了四格室木质填料床A/O处理系统,通过调控运行探讨其除氮效能和机制。结果表明,在HRT 18.7 h、32℃、硝化液回流比200%、好氧区DO 1.5 mg·L^-1等条件下,即便进水 高达307.7 mg·L^-1,COD/TN平均为0.47,系统对COD、 和TN的去除率仍能维持在66.5%、93.6%和89.0%左右,TN去除负荷达到0.22 kg·m^-3·d^-1以上。系统对COD和TN的去除表现出一定的空间分区特征,其中前三厌氧格室是去除COD主要功能区,末端好氧格室是脱氮功能区。系统的脱氮机制以短程硝化反硝化为主,枯木填料的腐解为反硝化提供了必要的碳源。     

Effect of thermochemical sludge pretreatment on sludge reduction and on performances of anoxic‐aerobic membrane bioreactor treating low strength domestic wastewater

BACKGROUND: Reduction of excess sludge production has become an urgent issue. An investigation into the influence of thermochemical sludge pretreatment on sludge reduction in a bench‐scale anoxic‐aerobic membrane bioreactor was performed. Two systems were operated. In one system, part of the mixed liquid (1.5% of the influent flow rate) was pretreated thermochemically (at 80 °C, pH 11 and 3 h) and returned to the bioreactor. This study examined and evaluated the effect of thermochemical sludge pretreatment on the reduction of excess sludge and on the performance of the system. RESULTS: The average solubilization efficiency of the pretreated sludge was found to be about 0.2. The sludge production rate of the experimental system (E‐MBR) was less than that of the control (C‐MBR) by about 33%. The total phosphorus was removed mainly by normal cell synthesis, with removal efficiencies of 38–40% and 40–42% for the E‐MBR and C‐MBR, respectively. The total nitrogen removal in the E‐MBR was slightly higher than in the C‐MBR due to supply of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) from the digested sludge solution as an external carbon source. The mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) ratios for the two systems were almost identical, in the range 74–77%, indicating that the inorganics from the disintegrated cells do not accumulate as particulates in the reactor. The TMP was maintained at less than 6 cmHg for 180 days without membrane cleaning. CONCLUSION: Thermochemical sludge pretreatment can play an important role in reducing sludge production. The qualities of the effluent water were not significantly affected during 6 months of operation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

NO2-/NH4+比对煤气化废水厌氧段处理效能影响

进水稀释配比R为75％的条件下,研究了厌氧氨氧化与反硝化的耦合作用.进水氨氮为(140±5) mg/L,COD为(900 +5) mg/L,通过改变厌氧反应器中亚硝酸盐氮与氨氮的质量浓度比(化学计量比),以考察不同亚硝态氮浓度对厌氧段总氮与有机物的去除效果.实验结果表明,在化学计量比为1.6的条件下,TN去除率高达73.58％,COD去除率为81.61％.结果表明,合适的化学计量比,可以强化厌氧氨氧化与反硝化的协同作用,提高系统的脱氮除碳效能.     

接种颗粒污泥UASB反应器处理味精-卡那霉素混合废水

采用屠宰废水中培养的颗粒污泥接种启动中温（３５±１）℃ ＵＡＳＢ反应器处理味精－卡那霉素混合废水,反应器能随较高浓度的硫酸盐,氨氮和的氯化物。当ＨＲＴ为２－３ｈ,容积负荷率可达３５－４０ｋｇ ＣＯＤ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）,ＣＯＤ去除率为７５％－８０％,进水ＣＯＤ／ＳＯ＾２－４可低至４－５。     

Performance and microbial population variation in a plug‐flow A2O process treating domestic wastewater with low C/N ratio

BACKGROUND: In this study, a plug‐flow A²O (anaerobic/anoxic/oxic) reactor, with a working volume of 52.5 L, was employed to investigate the performance of biological nutrients removal and microbial population variations when treating low C/N ratio domestic wastewater. RESULTS: Results showed that TN removal was significantly affected by the shortage of carbon source while phosphorus removal was only slightly affected. The effluent soluble orthophosphate‐phosphorus (SOP) concentration was lower than 0.50 mg L^?1 but the TN concentration was over 20 mg L^?1 when the C/N ratio was 4.43. There was denitrifying phosphorus removal in the anoxic reactor and this was enhanced by increasing the volume ratio of anoxic reactor and maintaining appropriate mixed liquor recycle rate. More than 60% of the SOP were removed in anoxic reactors by denitrifying phosphorus removal when the volume ratio of anaerobic/anoxic/oxic was 1/1.4/1.6 and the mixed liquor recycle rate was 250%. The TN concentration of effluent decreased to 11.34 mg L^?1 and SOP concentration was still lower than 0.5 mg L^?1 in this condition. The main microorganisms found in the process by polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) and the functional biodiversity are discussed. CONCLUSION: Traditional design and operating parameters of A²O are not appropriate for treating low C/N wastewater. Enhancing the denitrifying phosphorus removal ratio in an A²O process is an effective way to increase the removal rate of N and P from low C/N wastewater. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

污泥回流比对A2/O工艺脱氮除磷效果的影响

污泥回流比作为活性污泥法设计与运行的参数已显示出比其它参数更加重要.试验以实际生活污水、生产废水为对象,考察污泥回流比对系统有机污染物去除效果的影响以及污泥特性的变化.试验结果表明:污泥回流比为80％时系统总体脱氮除磷效果最好,CODCr、NH3-N、TN、TP的去除率分别为92％、98％、81％、94％.在此条件下,...