一种阻燃抗静电聚丙烯的流变性能

采用毛细管流变仪和旋转流变仪分别研究了溴系阻燃剂、炭黑填充对聚丙烯熔体高剪切挤出畸变和动态黏弹特性的影响。发现低含量下随填充量的提高,发生挤出畸变的临界剪切速率提高,扩大了加工窗口。动态流变试验表明树脂中添加更多炭黑后剪切变稀时的复数黏度、储能模量和损耗模量都增大,但损耗因子下降。进一步用缠结模型和Cross模型定量分析表明,填料吸附高分子链段而减少其壁面吸附,减轻挤出畸变,进而提高临界剪切速率;粒子分布网络提高了平台模量和缠结密度,缩短了松弛时间,恢复更快而减小挤出胀大比。复合材料中添加3.5%(质量)炭黑后形成逾渗网络,表现为高零切黏度和长松弛时间,发生类液-类固转变;同时材料表面电阻下降明显,此时黏弹逾渗点与导电逾渗点基本一致。     

聚合物基复合材料导热模型及热导率方程的研究

根据导热填料在聚合物基体中的分布，提出了导热聚合物基复合材料两相体系的“海岛-网络”模型；并结合逾渗理论及其在导电复合材料中的应用，建立了导热复合材料的逾渗热导率方程。实验证明，该模型及热导率方程符合实际而且适用于高含量填充型导热聚合物基复合材料热导率的预测。     

逾渗理论的研究及应用进展

逾渗理论是处理强无序和具有随机几何结构系统常用的理论方法之一,为描述空间分布的随机过程,提供一个明确、清晰、直观的模型。本文系统地阐述了逾渗理论的中心内容(即在逾渗阈值处系统的物理性质会发生尖锐的变化)、基本特点;以导电复合材料体系为例分析总结了8种逾渗模型的特点;概述了逾渗理论的应用领域,并展望了其发展前景。     

微层共挤出PP/PPCB导电复合材料的结构与导电性能

利用实验室自行设计制造的微纳叠层共挤出成型设备制备了具有交替层状结构的聚丙烯(PP)/炭黑填充聚丙烯(PPCB)导电复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和绝缘电阻测试仪研究了微层共挤出复合材料的形态结构及其对复合材料导电性能的影响。研究结果表明,通过微层共挤出技术,PP层与PPCB层沿挤出方向呈现连续交替层状分布,且层与层平行排列;PP/PPCB复合材料的逾渗阀值约为7%,比传统共混方法制备的导电复合材料降低了约5%。对于PP/PPCB结构多层试样,导电效果的好坏由CB含量更高的PPCB体系决定。此外,微层结构复合材料的导电性能与复合材料的层数相关。     

主链型液晶高分子改善聚丙烯熔体高速挤出的流变行为

采用恒速型双毛细管流变仪研究了主链型热致液晶对无规共聚聚丙烯(PPR)熔体高速挤出流变性能的影响.PPR熔体螺纹状畸变是由口模入口区的应力集中效应和横向环流造成的;利用原位成纤法制备PPR/热致液晶聚合物(TLCP)试样,TLCP在拉伸场中明显取向,随拉伸速率增大,取向程度先增大后减小;取向的TLCP明显减弱熔体挤出物...     

阻燃抗静电改性聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

基于阻燃剂ANTI-660及抗静电剂单苷酸甘油酯(Gm)制备了聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,采用水平垂直燃烧测试仪、氧指数测试仪、表面电阻测定仪、万能试验机和摆锤式冲击试验机等研究了阻燃剂和抗静电剂对复合材料阻燃性能、抗静电性能和力学性能的影响.结果表明,在阻燃剂含量为18.0％(质量分数,下同),抗静电剂含量为2.0％时,...     

聚合物导电复合材料的设计与制备研究进展

首先归纳了聚合物导电复合材料的导电机理,进而归纳了此类材料的微观结构设计思路,并且列举了金属与碳系导电填料应用在聚合物导电复合材料中的最新研究进展.目前,以改善材料导电性为主要目标,兼顾考虑材料的力学性能,通过设计导电填充体系的微观结构,筛选导电填料类型,调整制备工艺,可实现各类功能性聚合物导电复合材料的开发设计.而进...     

聚合物基导热绝缘复合材料的制备及逾渗模型的应用

采用乙烯一醋酸乙烯a共聚物和无机导热填料制备聚合物基导热绝缘复合材料,概述了以逾渗理论为基础的热导率计算模型,并应用所制备的导热绝缘复合材料讨论了逾渗模型的准确性。结果表明,SiC填充的复合材料具有较好的导热性能;填料体积分数达0.5时,复合材料的热导率可达1.86 W/(m0K)。研究表明,简单地运用逾渗理论在预测导热复合材料体系的热导率方面准确性不足,需要进一步考虑实际填料粒子分布与理论假设的差异以及界面相的存在等因素的影响。     

一种硼酸酯动态交联环氧树脂的合成与性能

利用巯基与环氧的点击反应,向环氧体系中引入二醇结构,并通过硼酸酯键对其进行交联,制备了一系列不同流变性能和玻璃化转变温度的可塑环氧树脂材料。研究了不同的配方对材料性能的影响,结果表明通过改变交联剂与动态链结的比例,体系的流变性能可以被调控;另一方面,改变软硬环氧组分的比例可以使材料的玻璃化转变温度在14.6~36.5℃之间调节。制备了该可塑环氧树脂与密胺通孔泡沫的复合材料,该材料具备良好的快速自黏结性能。材料断裂后,在10 s内即可达到最大黏结强度,且经多次拆卸-黏结循环后,黏结强度可以保持在约0.06 MPa。     

不同聚丙烯发泡体系的流变性能研究

采用ARES流变仪和毛细管流变仪，对线形聚丙烯（LPP）、长链支化聚丙烯（LCBPP）、LPP/LCBPP共混体系分别与纳米黏土的复合发泡体系的动态剪切和稳态剪切流变性能进行了研究。考察了复合体系制备过程中螺杆转速、相容剂含量对复合体系熔体弹性的影响，研究了不同温度下复合体系的剪切黏度、剪切应力与剪切速率之间的关系。结果表明：将纳米黏土引入PP发泡体系中可有效改进PP树脂的可发性。复合体系制备过程中，螺杆转速并未对LPP、LCBPP与纳米黏土复合体系的熔体弹性产生影响；随相容剂马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯用量的增加，LPP、LCBPP／纳米黏土复合体系的熔体弹性有小幅降低，但幅度并不显著；LCBPP／纳米黏土复合体系的剪切黏度具有较高的温度敏感性，随温度升高，表观剪切黏度下降显著。在低剪切速率区，LCBPP／纳米黏土复合体系的表观剪切黏度低于LPP、（LCBPP／LPP）／纳米黏土复合体系，但在高剪切区，三者的剪切黏度趋于接近。     

Extrudate swell behavior of polypropylene composites filled with microencapsulated red phosphorus

The microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) filled polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared using a twin‐screw extruder. The effects of load and temperature on the extrudate swell behavior of the PP/MRP composite melts were investigated by means of a melt flow indexer. The test temperatures and loads were varied from 180 to 205°C and from 2.16 to 12.5 kg, respectively. The results showed that the die‐swell ratio (B) of the composite melts increased roughly linearly with increasing load while decreased slightly with a rise of test temperature. The sensitivity of the die‐swell ratio of the composite melts to load was significant. When the test temperature or load was constant, the values of the B of the composite melts decreased slightly with increasing MRP weight fraction. The findings can provide useful information for processing of these composites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Rheological and fire properties of a composite of unsaturated polyester resin and halogen‐free flame retardants

The main subject of the present research is to determine the impact of flame retarding fillers on macroscopic properties of composites. The effect on rheological properties of composition unsaturated polyester resin (UP) and flame retardant blend (FR) consisting of expandable graphite (EG) and or not modified silica and: (1) melamine polyphosphate (MPP) with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), (2) MPP with aluminum trihydrate (ATH), (3) only MPP was examined. Next, their influence on thixotropic properties of UP was estimated. FR fillers were compared according to their grain size, specific surface, and shape factor. Rheological properties were determined by applying hysteresis loop surface and thixotropy factor measuring. For the UP + FR composition, the dependence of grain morphological parameters, such as shape factor and specific surface, on viscosity and hysteresis loop surface was determined experimentally. All of the tested composites consisting of UP + 40% FR blend exhibits high flame resistance. An addition of only 2% of modified silica to all of the FR blends caused significant enlargement of hysteresis loop surface and thixotropy index. Hence, for the next stage of the research (an industrial test of GRP pipes casted by the centrifugal method) FR blend without modified silica was chosen. A composite consisting of UP, MP, APP and EG is characterized by lower heat release rate (HRR_max) (ca. 83%) and lower TSR (ca. 80%), ALMR (55%), and MARHE (73%) in comparison to UP resin; and that UP + FR composition exhibit satisfactory rheological properties as well. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44371.     

Rheological behavior and flow instability in capillary extrusion of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene/high-density polyethylene/nano-SiO2 blends

Rheological behaviors of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (PE)/high-density PE/SiO₂ blends are investigated using parallel-plate rheometer and capillary rheometer. The molecular chain conformational change mechanism is used to explain flow instabilities during extrusion. The viewpoints are proposed: (1) critical shear rate depends on the relative strength of irreversible viscous loss and reversible elastic orientation for molecular chains in transverse velocity gradient field inside the die and (2) critical shear stress depends on the extent of molecular chain conformational change inside the die, and the ease of conformational recovery after leaving the die. Modified nano-SiO₂ particles are detected a certain interfacial adhesion in PE matrix. The interfacial interaction limits viscous flow inside the die and conformational recovery after leaving the die, thus causing not only the flow instabilities to occur prematurely on shear rate and delaying sharkskin on shear stress, but also an alternate “sharkskin-melt fracture” appearance after global extrusion fracture. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47713.     

Rheological and mechanical behavior of long‐polymer‐fiber reinforced thermoplastic pellets

Polymer–polymer materials consist of a thermoplastic matrix and a thermoplastic reinforcement. Recent research activities concentrate on the manufacturing of semi‐finished polymer–polymer materials in other shapes than the commercially available tapes and sheets. In particular, a pellet‐like form provides the possibility of processing the polymer–polymer material by injection and compression molding. Nevertheless, the thermoplastic reinforcement is vulnerable to excessive heat and the processing usually needs special attention. The current study investigates the processing of long‐polymer‐fiber reinforced thermoplastic pellets, namely polypropylene‐polyethylene terephthalate and a single‐polymer polyethylene terephthalate, by extrusion for subsequent compression molding applications. The flow characteristics of the material as well as the preservation of the polymer reinforcement can be handled by accurate temperature control. The tensile and impact properties decrease with increasing process temperature though. Moreover, the results prove that the use of a common long‐fiber reinforced thermoplastic process chain is applicable to the newly developed polymer–polymer material. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39716.     

Influence of maleated polypropylene on mechanical properties of composite made of viscose fiber and polypropylene

The purpose of this work was to study how viscose fiber behaves in polypropylene (PP) matrix when maleated polypropylene (MAPP) is used as a coupling agent. The influences of processing conditions on composite properties was of interest. Composites were characterized by FTIR and mechanical testing. The most notable result was the effect of the MAPP concentration on the tensile strength of the composites; the tensile strength increased from 40 to 69 MPa when MAPP was added in amounts up to 6 wt % of the fiber weight. The interaction between MAPP and fiber was confirmed with FTIR. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1895–1900, 2003     

Rheological behavior of bitumen modified by reclaimed polyethylene and polypropylene from different recycling sources

This work studied the rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties of bitumen modified by reclaimed polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP) from different recycling sources. The rutting resistance under high temperature of polymer modified bitumen (PMB) was investigated by rheologically temperature ramp test and multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test. It is found that for some modified bitumen, a plateau of complex modulus G^* could be formed with temperature increment, revealing rheological stability. Furthermore, these samples with rheological stability revealed a higher creep recovery and lower creep compliance measured by the MSCR test. Glass transition temperature (T_g) measured by dynamic mechanical analysis was used to evaluate the crack resistance under a low temperature of PMB. The influence of recycled PE on the T_g of modified bitumen was different from that of recycled PP modified bitumen, as compared with corresponding virgin polymer modified bitumen. A possible reason for the various effect of recycling sources on the service property of modified bitumen was explored by crystallization and melting behaviors of polymer in bitumen since that polymer with higher crystallinity degree could endow the modified bitumen stiffness, which was closely, related to their service property especially the rutting resistance.     

On-Line Rheological Measurements and Mechanical Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-styrene/Corn Starch Composite

In this work, rheological and mechanical properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/corn starch composites (ABS/starch) were studied. The composites were prepared using a laboratory-scale, single-screw extruder. Rheological properties were determined using the single-screw extruder, apparent shear rate (γ _a ), apparent shear stress (τ _a ), apparent viscosity (η _a ), non-Newtonian index (n), and flow activation energy at a constant shear rate (E _γ) and constant shear stress (E _τ). Mechanical properties in terms of tensile tests were performed using Testometric M350-10KN, stress at break, strain at break, and Young's modulus were determined. Rheological results showed that the composites are pseudo plastic in behavior, and the apparent viscosity of the composites increases with increasing starch content above the additive rule, which indicates a partial compatibility in the composite. It was also found that the flow activation energy of the composite increases with increasing starch content. The mechanical results showed that the strain at break of the composite decreases sharply by the presence of starch, whereas the Young's modulus increases with increasing starch content.     

Enhancing flame retardant and antistatic properties of polyamide 6 by a grafted multiwall carbon nanotubes

In order to improve the flame retardancy and antistatic properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) at as low amount of additives as possible, an integrated-functional additive was synthesized by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The results showed 2 wt% of DOPO-MWCNTs distributed in PA6 formed an electric network and decreased volume resistivity sharply to 3.1 × 10⁸ Ω cm. In other words, it helped PA6 to get to the percolation threshold of semiconductor. By using of 3 wt% DOPO-MWCNTs, the severe dripping in burning of PA6 was almost controlled. The possible reason was also ascribed to the network formed by evenly dispersed DOPO-MWCNTs, which strengthened the char structure and held severe dripping of PA6. As a result, the heat and smoke release were also suppressed obviously. The most important is that CO release was about half cut in CONE test.     

Rheological properties of calcium silicate‐filled isotactic polypropylene

The melt rheological behavior of calcium silicate‐filled isotactic polypropylene, with filler volume contents of 0–17.8%, was determined at 493 K. The composites followed the power law in shear stress versus shear rate variations and were shear thinning. Initially, apparent melt viscosity decreased until a critical filler volume content of 8.5% was reached. However, on further increase in calcium silicate concentration, apparent melt viscosity increased. Melt elasticity also showed an initial decrease until 8.5% filler content was reached and then an increase beyond this filler content. Surface treatment of calcium silicate with a titanate coupling agent, LICA 38, modified the rheological properties because of the plasticizing/lubricating effect of LICA 38. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1511–1518, 2003