基于粒子群算法和支持向量机的故障诊断研究

支持向量机是采用结构风险最小化原则代替传统统计学中的基于大样本的经验风险最小化原则的新型机器学习方法,具有出色的学习分类能力和推广能力,广泛地应用于模式识别和函数拟合中;支持向量机中核函数的参数选择非常重要,它决定着故障诊断的精确度;为了提高电气设备故障诊断的精度和效率,将粒子群优化算法和最小二乘支持向量机相结合,提出了一种基于粒子群支持向量机的故障诊断方法,能够实现对核函数的σ参数进行快速动态选取,提高故障诊断的准确率和效率;实验表明,该方法能够有效地找出合适的核参数,并能取得较好的分类效果。     

基于粒子群算法优化支持向量机的模拟电路诊断

为了提高支持向量机网络(SVM)进行模拟电路诊断的准确率,提出了一种基于粒子群(PSO)算法和支持向量机的诊断方法。该方法首先对被测电路的响应信号进行多小波变换,通过归一化处理得到分类能力强的最优故障特征;然后用粒子群算法优化支持向量机的结构参数,实现对不同故障模式分类识别。仿真结果表明,此方法能有效提高模拟电路故障诊断准确率。     

基于DCCA-IWO-MKSVM的模拟电路故障诊断方法

为了提高模拟电路故障的诊断效果,提出基于DCCA-IWO-MKSVM的模拟电路故障诊断方法。采用DCCA算法对模拟电路的故障特征进行提取,构造新的融合特征。对支持向量机的核函数进行线性组合构造新的多核函数,并用IWO算法对其参数进行优化,以构建最优故障诊断模型,用于融合特征的学习分类。故障诊断实验结果表明:对于融合特征的故障诊断效率,该算法要优于单核函数的IWO-SVM算法,且整个故障诊断系统的诊断效果具有较高的准确率。     

混合核函数稀疏LS-SVM软测量建模与应用

针对最小二乘支持向量机存在的稀疏性欠缺和单核函数局限性问题,本文提出一种基于混合核函数稀疏最小二乘支持向量机的软测量建模方法.该方法使用多项式核函数和RBF核函数线性加权构成混合核函数,兼顾最小二乘支持向量机的全局拟合能力与局部拟合能力,以矢量基学习作为稀疏解算法,改善最小二乘支持向量机的稀疏性,在精简模型结构的同时,避免冗余信息中的噪声过多的拟合到模型参数中,进而采用粒子群算法优化模型部分参数.将此方法分别应用于Mackey- Glasss混沌模型的时间序列预测和乙烯精馏塔塔釜乙烯浓度预测,应用结果表明该方法较最小二乘支持向量机、稀疏最小二乘支持向量机以及混合核最小二乘支持向量机具有更好的泛化效果和预报精度,兆示出其良好的应用潜力.     

一种混合核函数SVM建模方法及其应用

为了提高模型的泛化能力和精度,提出了一种基于混合核函数的支持向量机(SVM)建模方法.所提出的混合核函数由径向基函数和多项式函数加权组合而成,克服了支持向量机模型中单个核函数的局限性.并利用量子粒子群算法(QPSO)对惩罚系数、核参数以及混合权重系数进行综合寻优,求取最优化参数组合,从而提高模型的精度.采用锌湿法冶炼净化过程现场数据对建模的方法进行了测试,结果表明,所提出的混合核函数支持向量机模型具有较好的泛化性能和预测精度,预测结果满足现场工艺生产的要求.     

基于改进PSO优化LSSVM的传感器补偿研究

针对最小二乘支持向量机在对传感器进行补偿时,正则化参数和核函数参数对补偿精度影响较大的问题,提出一种利用改进的粒子群优化算法优化最小二乘支持向量机模型参数的传感器补偿方法。该方法利用改进的粒子群优化算法优化最小二乘支持向量机模型的正则化参数和核函数参数,避免了人工选择参数的盲目性,提高了最小二乘支持向量机模型的预测精度。仿真实验表明,在传感器的补偿时,该方法比最小二乘支持向量机模型的补偿精度更高。     

基于神经网络的粒子群算法优化SVM参数问题

对支持向量机的核参数选取到目前仍没有形成一套成熟的理论,严重影响了其广泛的应用。对核参数的选取做了一定的探讨。将神经网络与粒子群优化算法相结合并用于支持向量机核函数的参数优化。该方法能够同时具有神经网络较强的非线性拟合能力和粒子群优化算法的寻优能力。数值实验结果表明该算法对支持向量机核参数的优化是可行的、有效的,并且具有较高的分类准确率和较好的推广性能。     

基于改进果蝇算法的模拟电路故障诊断

针对模拟电路中非线性元件故障的定位问题,提出一种改进的果蝇算法优化支持向量机的故障诊断方法。首先对被诊断电路的输出信号进行采样,用Volterra级数提取输出信号的特征,然后利用改进的果蝇算法优化SVM的核函数参数和结构参数,建立诊断模型,在对数放大器电路中对故障进行诊断分类。通过实验可以看出,该方法能够有效避免支持向量机参数选择的随机性,有利于提高诊断精度,并且有较快的诊断速度。     

基于改进粒子群优化的SVM故障诊断方法

针对支持向量机(SVM)分类模型参数选取困难的问题,提出基于遗传免疫的改进粒子群优化算法,克服传统粒子群算法前期收敛快、后期易陷入局部最优的缺陷。将该算法与优化支持向量机分类模型相结合,建立基于遗传免疫粒子群和支持向量机的诊断模型,并用于轴承故障诊断中。结果表明,基于遗传免疫粒子群算法优化的SVM可实现对SVM分类模型参数的自动优化,并能提高SVM分类模型的故障诊断精度,对分散程度较大、聚类性较差的故障样本分类有较强的适用性。     

基于IPSO-LS-SVM的异步电动机转子故障诊断

针对异步电动机转子的故障诊断问题,为了提高诊断精度和诊断效率,提出基于混合核函数的最小二乘支持向量机与改进的粒子群算法相结合(IPSO-LS-SVM)的故障诊断方法.首先对PSO的惯性权值策略进行研究,给出一种非线性递减惯性权值策略,然后利用改进后的PSO优化基于混合核函数的LS-SVM,最后,应用改进算法完成转子的故障诊断.结果表明,改进算法通过较少的迭代次数即寻找到最优参数,克服了陷入局部极小值的缺陷,诊断效率和诊断精度都得到了提升.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.