基于可编程流水线的水墨画效果实时绘制

为了提高对三维模型进行实时水墨渲染的效率,同时扩展水墨效果在计算机动画中的应用,利用先进的可编程图形流水线技术,结合多种纹理贴图技术,边缘评估算法,多种图像空间内的后期处理算法,实现了水墨风格生物动画的高效率实时渲染.用户可根据需要对场景和系统进行配置并实时调整视角和缩放.实验结果表明,运算速度能够满足交互系统的实时性需求.     

自适应远程渲染集群系统

渲染通过计算将三维几何模型转换成具有真实感的图形,是数字媒体制作的关键环节。该文介绍基于集群系统的并行渲染,将集群管理、高性能计算、图形渲染及远程交互等先进技术有效结合,设计了自适应远程渲染系统。该系统的正确性和有效性已被验证。     

基于协同虚拟环境的装配设计系统

针对分布式环境中复杂产品协同开发的装配设计需求,研究基于协同虚拟环境的装配设计系统的体系结构和关键技术,提出分布式条件下支持多用户实时交互操作的协同虚拟装配方法,包括复杂场景高分辨率实时渲染和多通道沉浸输出方案。以此为基础开发分布式协同虚拟装配环境,并通过面向汽车整车的多用户协同虚拟装配实例验证了系统的有效性。结果证明,用户可在该系统中完成复杂产品的协同虚拟装配设计工作。     

HANG基于Leon3的无线网络可信图形处理系统研究

针对三维图形的无线网络环境下的传输的安全需求,提出一种可信的无线网络图形处理系统.该系统以leon3 SOC为开发平台,结合无线网络、加密认证、图形加速技术,可以较好的解决三维图形数据的安全传输和实时渲染问题.文中对基于AES和MD5算法的安全认证系统和图形加速硬件系统进行了研究与实现.最后对无线网络可信图形处理系统的软硬件性能进行了测试.     

分布式多交互虚拟场景渲染的协同控制

针对分布式多交互虚拟现实系统场景渲染的协同控制问题,构建了基于分布式开放灵活的多交互虚拟现实系统结构,将协同交互技术集成到虚拟现实系统设计中,设计包含控制平台、网络服务平台和渲染平台的系统架构,提出了一种基于OGRE的分布式多交互实时协同渲染方法。完成了单个控制节点对应多个渲染节点时,多个渲染节点渲染场景的实时同步,以及多个控制节点在同一场景中的协同、交互。此研究成果应用于河北大学虚拟漫游交互控制平台,具有广阔应用的前景。     

基于Internet的多用户共享虚拟环境框架的研究

多用户共享虚拟环境是指网络化的协同虚拟现实系统，在该环境中多个用户之间通过各自的三维图形表示实现在虚拟环境中的多人感知，用户之间的交互以及对虚拟对象的协同操纵，在综合分析现有系统以及Internet的开放性标准化需求基础上，提出了一种基于Internet的多用户共享虚拟环境解决方案，即多用户共享虚拟环境框架（multi-user shared virtual envitonment framework,MSVEF)，该框架描述了多用户虚拟环境的体系结构，定义了基于XML的相关交互协议，通过在原型系统中的初步应用，证明该框架可以支持不同网络平台的用户在同一个虚拟场景中的再现与交互。     

物联网智能家居虚拟装配交互系统的设计与实现

在物联网智能家居设备装配过程中容易因误操作而造成设备损坏,甚至引起电网事故、人身伤亡事故、财产损失惨重等问题.为了解决这个问题,设计了物联网智能家居虚拟装配交互系统.该系统使用Unity3D实时渲染引擎进行三维场景展示,交互端则使用Unity3D的物理引擎模拟事件触发,选用具有行业标准的物联网数据库来控制智能家居的实时场景交互.通过多角度镜头和实时参数调节,用户在三维引擎操作端可实时查看智能家居安装的进度和交互效果.     

虚拟演播三维实时渲染引擎控制器

研究了虚拟演播三维实时渲染引擎控制器的设计中架构、通信方式以及控制协议等相关问题.虚拟演播三维实时渲染引擎是虚拟演播技术核心技术部件,除了在渲染功能上与普通三维图形渲染引擎的区别,更重要的一个区别的在于面向虚拟演播的应用的控制器的设计.控制器的架构设计满足演播的要求,同时演播过程中对场景的控制需要通过控制器传输到渲染模块,控制器与渲染模块的通信方式设计为协议驱动的TCP方式,它保障了渲染的实时性同时也能保证控制协议的可扩展性,便于后续的研究及开发.     

车削轴类零件的轮廓轨迹提取与真实感显示

图形数据信息的可视化一直是计算机图形学与可视化领域研究的重点内容,图形数据的挖掘、提取与显示都需要借助计算机图形学的知识来完成;本研究重点探讨了计算机图形真实感处理技术在计算机辅助数控车削自动编程加工系统中的应用,通过运用计算机图形处理技术编程提取DXF轴类零件的轮廓轨迹曲线,采用曲面构造算法作数据处理,生成零件真实感所需的三维数据模型,结合OpenGL内容对三维数据模型进行实体渲染,交互实现了数据模型的光照、材质、雾化等功能,通过旋转、透视变换,零件设计者可真实地观测到零件内部结构,从整体上对所设计的零件结构进行直观的认识;实验结果表明所开发的图形真实感程序系统能够高效的实现车削轴类件的渲染效果,具有较高的轮廓数据提取效率和真实感渲染能力。     

基于OGRE引擎的虚拟场景浏览

虚拟现实技术的虚拟交互性得到了越来越广泛地应用,虚拟场景浏览技术有效地解决了现实世界的时空局限等瓶颈问题.在对虚拟现实(3I)原理研究分析的基础上,依据插件设计的思想,设计了一种基于OGRE引擎的虚拟场景浏览框架,框架明确的包含两个端:渲染端和控制端.渲染端封装了OGRE渲染引擎,实现了快速实时的渲染;控制端,通过建立虚拟漫游交互机制来完成虚拟场景与外设的实时控制.基于OGRE八叉树的场景管理、射线查询算法、寻路算法、物体的拣取、RTT等技术的运用实现了用户与虚拟环境的交互系统,用户操作信号输入到计算机中并作用于虚拟环境,创建实时渲染处理结构,实现人与虚拟环境的实时快速的交互;基于OpenAL,OggSound的音效系统,克服了用户在场景浏览时的单调与乏味,更具真实感,丰富了场景浏览的真实性.在实践中应用OGRE图形引擎、CEGUI界面库、OpenAL,OggSound声音库实现了该系统.     

The State of the Art in Mobile Graphics Research

High-quality computer graphics let mobile-device users access more compelling content. Still, the devices' limitations and requirements differ substantially from those of a PC. This survey of mobile graphics research describes current solutions in terms of specialized hardware (including 3D displays), rendering and transmission, visualization, and user interfaces.     

一种高度并行的多任务并行绘制系统结构

随着计算机图形技术的实用化，需要构造更逼真、更精细的三维复杂场景，其数据规模日益膨胀，加上对场景的实时交互的要求也越来越高，人们对多屏幕高分辨率显示的需求与日俱增，迫切需要一种针对大规模复杂场景的多任务并行图形绘制系统。本文介绍了一种适用于大规模复杂场景的高度并行的多任务多屏幕并行图形绘制系统的体系结构，支持图形任务的并行化处理和多屏幕显示。该系统结构将几何计算任务与图形绘制任务相分离，分剐进行并行化处理，在计算节点按绘制对象类型对任务进行分类以便于并行计算和任务分配，在绘制节点对各个小块屏幕图形进行并行合成。实验测试结果表明，该系统结构对多任务具有较好的并行效率和可扩展性，能够充分利用系统的并行计算资源，达到较好的绘制效果。     

3D teleimmersion for collaboration and interaction of geographically distributed users

Teleimmersion is an emerging technology that enables users to collaborate remotely by generating realistic 3D avatars in real time and rendering them inside a shared virtual space. The teleimmersive environment thus provides a venue for collaborative work on 3D data such as medical imaging, scientific data and models, archaeological datasets, architectural or mechanical designs, remote training (e.g., oil rigs, military applications), and remote teaching of physical activities (e.g., rehabilitation, dance). In this paper, we present our research work performed over the course of several years in developing the teleimmersive technology using image-based stereo and more recently Kinect. We outline the issues pertaining to the capture, transmission, rendering, and interaction. We describe several applications where we have explored the use of the 3D teleimmersion for remote interaction and collaboration among professional and scientific users. We believe the presented findings are relevant for future developers in teleimmersion and apply across various 3D video capturing technologies.     

Web-Based Remote Renderingwith IBRAC (Image-Based Rendering Acceleration and Compression)

Recent advances in Internet and computer graphics stimulate intensive use and development of 3D graphics on the World Wide Web. To increase efficiency of systems using 3D graphics on the web, the presented method utilizes previously rendered and transmitted images to accelerate the rendering and compression of new synthetic scene images. The algorithm employs ray casting and epipolar constraints to exploit spatial and temporal coherence between the current and previously rendered images. The reprojection of color and visibility data accelerates the computation of new images. The rendering method intrinsically computes a residual image, based on a user specified error tolerance that balances image quality against computation time and bandwidth. Encoding and decoding uses the same algorithm, so the transmitted residual image consists only of significant data without addresses or offsets. We measure rendering speed-ups of four to seven without visible degradation. Compression ratios per frame are a factor of two to ten better than MPEG2 in our test cases. There is no transmission of 3D scene data to delay the first image. The efficiency of the server and client generally increases with scene complexity or data size since the rendering time is predominantly a function of image size. This approach is attractive for remote rendering applications such as web-based scientific visualization where a client system may be a relatively low-performance machine and limited network bandwidth makes transmission of large 3D data impractical.     

Understanding Usability and User Experience of Web-Based 3D Graphics Technology

As Web-based interactive 3D graphics (Web 3D), popularly referred to as Virtual Reality, continue to become more affordable, research and development groups in various fields have been adopting Web 3D technology. In addition to simulation of 3D content, the ability to instantly display alternative looks has been recognized as an innovative way to improve communication in such fields as product design, architecture, and e-commerce. Despite substantial adoption of Web 3D, how and how much the technology benefits target users as well as the providers who choose to adapt the Web 3D technology are not well understood. Previous research has established that interactive 3D graphics provide users with unique human–computer interaction (HCI). However, little is known about how users experience the Web 3D graphics technology and how user–system interaction contributes to system usability. The purpose of this study is to build new knowledge of the user experience with interactive-3D graphics systems used for product demonstration. By testing the impact of the technology on the user–system interaction and usability and comparing this impact with that of conventional two-dimensional (2D) graphics, this study tries to better understand the Web 3D technology from an interdisciplinary view of technology acceptance, sense of presence, and HCI. The study investigated how system usability is affected by HCI in the context of a furniture-style preference survey. The results of the study display the clear advantage for Web 3D for usability and show that perceived usefulness and sense of presence both mediate the effect of the technology treatment on the usability outcomes. The contribution of this study is that it includes empirical data to show how Web 3D benefits users when adopted in the context of a product demonstration and how the advantage is obtained through the user's interaction with the Web 3D technology.     

Index rendering: hardware-efficient architecture for 3-D graphics in multimedia system

Real-time three-dimensional (3D) graphics is emerging rapidly in multimedia applications, but it suffers from requirements for huge computation, high bandwidth, and large buffer. In order to achieve hardware efficiency for 3D graphics rendering, we propose a novel approach named index rendering. The basic concept of index rendering is to realize a 3D rendering pipeline by using asynchronous multi-dataflows. Triangle information can be divided into several parts with each part capable of being transferred independently and asynchronously. Finally, all data are converged by the index to generate the final image. The index rendering approach can eliminate unnecessary operations in the traditional 3D graphics pipeline, the unnecessary operations are caused by the invisible pixels and triangles in the 3D scene. Previous work, deferred shading, eliminates the operations relating to invisible pixels, but it requires huge tradeoffs in bandwidth and buffer size. With index rendering, we can eliminate operations on both invisible pixels and triangles with fewer tradeoffs as compared with the deferred shading approach. The simulation and analysis results show that the index rendering approach can reduce 10%-70% of lighting operations when using the flat and Gouraud shading process and decrease 30%-95% when using Phong shading. Furthermore, it saves 70% of buffer size and 50%-70% of bandwidth compared with the deferred shading approach. The result also indicates that this approach of index rendering is especially suitable for low-cost portable rendering devices. Hence, index rendering is a hardware-efficient architecture for 3D graphics, and it makes rendering hardware more easily integrated into multimedia systems, especially system-on-a-chip (SOC) designs.     

基于手绘输入理解的智能3D几何建模系统

近年来,图形学领域已经开发了大量的3D建模和可视化工具,但是这些工具的界面往往过于复杂,制约了设计人员的创造性工作,也进一步限制了这些工具为普遍用户所使用。事实上,理想的3D建模工具应该提供给用户以尽可能自然、简单的操作,例如基于电子笔的草图输入,而且随着移动设备的发展,也使之成为图形学中更有前景的研究方向。文章论述了当前支持手绘的建模技术的研究现状,并提出了一个更加智能化的多模块建模体系,突出了交互技术、智能理解和高质量的可视化输出技术的结合;而且针对手绘输入的不明确性,着重分析了图形数据的基于特性的语义描述,提出了智能的逻辑推理模型,并进一步描述了下一代融合自然输入、逻辑推理与虚拟显示于一体的智能图形建模系统的实现。预测了人工智能技术与CA D技术的结合将是未来图形学领域发展的主要方向之一。     

A tangible goal for 3D modeling

As we progress into applications that incorporate interactive life-like 3D computer graphics, the mouse falls short as a user interface device, and it becomes obvious that 3D computer graphics could achieve much more with a more intuitive user interface mechanism. Haptic interfaces, or force feedback devices, promise to increase the quality of human-computer interaction by accommodating our sense of touch. The article discusses the application of touch feedback systems to 3D modelling. To achieve a high interactivity level requires novel rendering techniques such as volume-based rendering algorithms     

Data streaming in telepresence environments

In this paper, we discuss data transmission in telepresence environments for collaborative virtual reality applications. We analyze data streams in the context of networked virtual environments and classify them according to their traffic characteristics. Special emphasis is put on geometry-enhanced (3D) video. We review architectures for real-time 3D video pipelines and derive theoretical bounds on the minimal system latency as a function of the transmission and processing delays. Furthermore, we discuss bandwidth issues of differential update coding for 3D video. In our telepresence system - the blue-c - we use a point-based 3D video technology which allows for differentially encoded 3D representations of human users. While we discuss the considerations which lead to the design of our three-stage 3D video pipeline, we also elucidate some critical implementation details regarding decoupling of acquisition, processing and rendering frame rates, and audio/video synchronization. Finally, we demonstrate the communication and networking features of the blue-c system in its full deployment. We show how the system can possibly be controlled to face processing or networking bottlenecks by adapting the multiple system components like audio, application data, and 3D video.     

An improved vertex caching scheme for 3D mesh rendering

Modern graphics cards are equipped with a vertex cache to reduce the amount of data needing to be transmitted to the graphics pipeline during rendering. To make effective use of the cache and facilitate rendering, it is key to represent a mesh in a manner that maximizes the cache hit rate. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective algorithm for generating a sequence for efficient rendering of 3D polygonal meshes based on greedy optimization. The algorithm outperforms the current state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of rendering efficiency of the resultant sequence. We also adapt it for the rendering of progressive meshes. For any simplified version of the original mesh, the rendering sequence is generated by adaptively updating the reordered sequence at full resolution. The resultant rendering sequence is cheap to compute and has reasonably good rendering performance, which is desirable to many complex rendering environments involving continuous rendering of meshes at various level of details. The experimental results on a collection of 3D meshes are provided.