沉淀剂对Co_3O_4光催化性能的影响

分别以CO(NH_2)_2、Na_2C_2O_4、Na_2CO_3和(NH_4)_2CO_3为沉淀剂,采用水热-热分解法制备黑色Co_3O_4颗粒。通过XRD、SEM对样品的结构和形貌进行了分析。结果表明,选用CO(NH_2)_2、Na_2C_2O_4、Na_2CO_3和(NH_4)_2CO_3为沉淀剂所制备的Co_3O_4分别呈片层堆叠状、棒状、薄的纳米片状和具有二级结构的绣球状。通过降解甲基橙溶液研究了沉淀剂对Co_3O_4光催化性能的影响,结果发现,以CO(NH_2)_2、Na_2C_2O_4、Na_2CO_3和(NH_4)_2CO_3为沉淀剂所制备的Co_3O_4对甲基橙溶液的降解率分别达到48%、92%、95%和97%,以(NH_4)_2CO_3为沉淀剂所制备的Co_3O_4由于具有二级结构的绣球状结构,与溶液的接触面积大,有利于对光的吸收和利用,对甲基橙的催化降解效果最好,在30 min降解率可达90%。     

Ag-Zn_3(VO_4)_2光催化剂催化降解甲基橙溶液

采用水热法结合高温热处理制备Ag-Zn_3(VO_4)_2光催化剂,研究催化剂在可见光下降解甲基橙溶液的性能,并考察催化剂用量、甲基橙溶液初始浓度、pH值、盐效应和H_2O_2用量对光催化性能的影响,评价Ag-Zn_3(VO_4)_2光催化剂的重复使用性能。结果表明,在催化剂用量2.0 g·L~(-1)、甲基橙溶液初始浓度20 mg·L~(-1)和溶液pH=6.2条件下光照反应5 h,甲基橙溶液脱色率可达99.18%,Na_2SO_4对光催化降解甲基橙起抑制作用,且随着溶液中盐浓度增加,抑制作用更明显。H_2O_2在一定浓度范围可促进光催化降解甲基橙,100 mL甲基橙溶液中30%H_2O_2加入量为1.0 mL时,甲基橙溶液脱色率可提高21.68个百分点。催化剂重复使用5次后,光照5 h的甲基橙溶液脱色率仍可达到75.99%。     

磁性二氧化钛-磷钨酸复合催化剂的制备及光催化性能研究

采用层层自组装法成功制备了兼具磁性和光催化活性的双功能Fe_3O_4@SiO_2/(TiO_2/PW_(12))_(10)复合微球,利用扫描电镜、红外光谱和X-射线能谱仪对所得微球进行了结构和形貌的表征。以甲基橙为模型污染物,研究了紫外光下Fe_3O_4@SiO_2/(TiO_2/PW_(12))_(10)的光催化性质,系统考察了甲基橙溶液的初始浓度、溶液pH和无机氧化剂碘酸钾对复合膜催化效率的影响。动力学研究表明,在不同浓度甲基橙溶液中,染料的光催化降解遵循表观一级反应动力学。磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的使用实现了反应后催化剂方便、快速和高效地分离回收。     

不同形貌Co_3O_4负载Pt催化剂的硝基苯加氢性能研究

利用Co(NO_3)_2、CoCl_2和Co(CH_3COO)_2为钴源,通过水/溶剂热法或沉淀法制备出了形貌可控的Co_3O_4立方体、纳米棒、八面体、六角片四种纳米晶体材料,以它们为载体负载Pt制备催化剂,研究了不同形貌Co_3O_4负载Pt催化剂的硝基苯液相加氢性能。     

玻璃负载纳米TiO_2/SiO_2膜的制备和光催化性能

制备了玻璃负载纳米Ti O_2/Si O_2光催化膜,以甲基橙溶液作为模拟废水研究了其光催化性能,分别考察了光催化膜中m(Ti O_2)∶m(Si O_2)、膜厚度、使用次数和中试扩大以及再生方式对甲基橙模拟废水降解率的影响。试验结果表明,在太阳光下照射4 h,厚度为200~400 nm的光催化膜对10 mg/L的甲基橙模拟废水降解率为84%,失活的光催化膜可用模拟风、光、酸雨和人工清洗方式再生。纳米Ti O_2/Si O_2光催化膜可应用于光催化水处理设备、建筑易清洁玻璃和太阳电池玻璃。     

Ag-Zn_3(VO_4)_2催化剂的水热合成及其可见光催化活性

以Zn(NO_3)_2·6 H_2O、Ag NO_3和Na VO_3为原料,采用水热法合成Ag-Zn_3(VO_4)_2催化剂,并通过SEM、TEM和UV-Vis DRS等对催化剂进行表征分析。以甲基橙染料废水为探针污染物,考察Ag~+与Zn~(2+)物质的量比、水热温度和水热时间对Ag-Zn_3(VO_4)_2光催化剂催化活性和表面形貌的影响。结果表明,在Ag~+与Zn~(2+)物质的量比为0.15、水热温度160℃和水热时间16 h条件下,合成的Ag-Zn_3(VO_4)_2光催化剂光催化活性最好,光照5 h后,对甲基橙染料的脱色率达99.18%,较Zn_3(VO_4)_2催化剂(合成条件为p H=10和160℃水热反应16 h)提高43.99%。采用水热合成法制备的催化剂Ag-Zn_3(VO_4)_2具有较好的可见光活性。     

纳米花瓣状Co_3O_4/NiO的制备及其光催化性能研究

以氯化钴、氯化镍和六次亚甲基四胺为原料,通过水热反应合成Co_3O_4/NiO前驱体材料,经过煅烧得到Co_3O_4/NiO样品。研究不同煅烧温度对样品形貌的影响,并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)检测样品的结构和形貌,结果表明:在400℃煅烧后,得到纳米花瓣状结构Co_3O_4/NiO,花瓣厚度为50nm,表面有多孔结构。对比纳米花瓣状Co_3O_4/NiO、Co_3O_4、NiO和无催化剂条件下对吡啰红B(PB)的紫外光降解效率,纳米花瓣状Co_3O_4/NiO表现了最好的光催化活性,在180 min后对PB的降解率达95%。     

Ca_2Co_2O_5氧化物热电陶瓷材料的制备研究

本文通过溶胶-凝胶法和固相合成法两种方法研究Ca_2Co_2O_5氧化物热电陶瓷材料的制备过程。湿法制备前驱体粉,以Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2O和Co(NO3_)_2·6H_2O为原料,纯净水为溶剂,柠檬酸为络合剂。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Ca_2Co_2O_5粉末,以Ca O和Co3O4为原料,采用固相合成法制备Ca_2Co_2O_5粉末,采用常压烧结的方法,在1000℃、950℃、900℃三种温度下进行烧结,并利用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM等手段对Ca_2Co_2O_5的热分解过程,物相组成和形貌进行表征。结果表明:干粉800℃热处理,湿法950℃烧结时,块体呈现致密的片层结构,相组成成分纯度高~([1~3])。     

Co3O4电极材料的制备及其电容性能研究

采用水热法,通过控制反应时间制备出不同形貌和尺寸的Co_3O_4材料。利用XRD和SEM对其结构和形貌进行表征,采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电和交流阻抗等方法测试了其电化学性能。结果表明,随着反应时间的延长, Co_3O_4材料的晶粒尺寸增大,形貌由不规则颗粒状变为正立方体,其比电容不断降低。在电流密度为0.2 A·g~(-1)时,反应5 h、 10 h和15 h所制备的Co_3O_4材料的比电容值分别为153.3 F·g~(-1)、 99.3F·g~(-1)和51.1 F·g~(-1)。当电流密度从0.2 A·g~(-1)增大到1.8 A·g~(-1)时,反应5 h、 10 h和15 h所制备的Co_3O_4材料的比电容值分别为96.3 F·g~(-1)、 91.3 F·g~(-1)和27.1 F·g~(-1),其比电容保持率分别为62.8%、 91.9%和53.0%。水热反应5 h所制备的Co_3O_4材料具有最好的比电容。     

钴氧化物的电化学制备及超级电容性能研究

本文采用便捷绿色的电化学交流电法以金属钴为前驱体合成了Co(OH)_(0.225)(SO_4)_(0.925)/Co_3O_4复合物。扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜表征说明其形貌为纳米颗粒,XRD表征说明其物相为正交Co(OH)_(0.225)(SO_4)_(0.925)和立方Co_3O_4的混合物。该材料应用于超级电容器具有较好的电化学性能。     

硼掺杂Co3O4海胆状微球的制备及其乙醇气敏强化机制

四氧化三钴（Co₃O₄）是一种p型半导体,可作为气体传感材料。非金属硼（B）具有吸电子特性,将其与p型半导体气敏材料进行掺杂,可增加材料的空穴载流子浓度,从而提高材料的气敏性能。本文以六水合硝酸钴[Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O]、硼酸（H₃BO₃）和尿素[CO(NH₂)₂]为原料,采用低温一步水热法成功制备了B掺杂Co₃O₄海胆状微球。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）和拉曼光谱仪（Raman）对掺杂B前后的Co₃O₄进行结构表征,探究B掺杂对其气敏性能的影响。结果表明：B掺杂对Co₃O₄材料的气敏性能有明显的强化作用。当掺杂摩尔比为Co∶B=8∶1时,B-Co₃O₄对1×10⁵μg/L乙醇的最佳工作温度为180℃,灵敏度响应达到26.8,是相同条件下纯Co₃O₄的4.4倍。B-Co₃O₄在较低的工作温度下,具有良好的灵敏度、选择性和稳定性,是一种性能优良的气敏材料。     

An efficient green route for hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate synthesis by thermal decomposition of hexamethylene-1,6-dicarbamate over Co3O4/ZSM-5 catalyst:An indirect utilization of CO2

The utilization of CO2 as rawmaterial for chemical synthesis has the potential for substantial economic and green benefits. Thermal decomposition of hexamethylene-1,6-dicarbamate (HDC) is a promising approach for indirect utilization of CO2 to produce hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate (HDI). In this work, a green route was developed for the synthesis of HDI by thermal decomposition of HDC over Co3O4/ZSM-5 catalyst, using chlorobenzene as lowboiling point solvent. Different metal oxide supported catalysts were prepared by incipientwetness impregnation (IWI), PEG-additive (PEG) and deposition precipitation with ammonia evaporation (DP) methods. Their catalytic performances for the thermal decomposition of HDC were tested. The catalyst screening results showed that Co3O4/ZSM-525 catalysts prepared by different methods showed different performances in the order of Co3O4/ZSM-525(PEG) N Co3O4/ZSM-525(IWI) N Co3O4/ZSM-525(DP). The physicochemical properties of Co3O4/ZSM- 525 catalyst were characterized by XRD, FTIR, N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, NH3-TPD and XPS. The superior catalytic performance of Co3O4/ZSM-525(PEG) catalyst was attributed to its relative surface content of Co3+, surface lattice oxygen content and total acidity. Under the optimized reaction conditions: 6.5% HDC concentration in chlorobenzene, 1 wt% Co3O4/ZSM-525(PEG) catalyst, 250 °C temperature, 2.5 h time, 800 ml·min?1 nitrogen flow rate and 1.0 MPa pressure, the HDC conversion and HDI yield could reach 100% and 92.8% respectively. The Co3O4/ZSM-525(PEG) catalyst could be facilely separated from the reaction mixture, and reused without degradation in catalytic performance. Furthermore, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed based on the physicochemical properties of the Co3O4/ZSM-525 catalysts.     

Preparation of Au/TiO2 catalysts from Au(I)–thiosulfate complex and study of their photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange

Gold loaded on TiO₂ (Au/TiO₂) catalysts were prepared using Au(I)–thiosulfate complex (Au(S₂O₃)₂³⁻) as the gold precursor for the first time. The samples were characterized by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic absorption flame emission spectroscopy (AAS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. Using Au(S₂O₃)₂³⁻ as gold precursor, ultra-fine gold nanoparticles with a highly disperse state can be successfully formed on the surface of TiO₂. The diameter of Au nanoparticles increases from 1.8 to 3.0 nm with increasing the nominal Au loading from 1% to 8%. The photocatalytic activity of Au/TiO₂ catalysts was evaluated from the analysis of the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO). With the similar Au loading, the catalysts prepared with Au(S₂O₃)₂³⁻ precursor exhibit higher photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degradation when compared with the Au/TiO₂ catalysts prepared with the methods of deposition–precipitation (DP) and impregnation (IMP). The preparation method has decisive influences on the morphology, size and number of Au nanoparticles loaded on the surface of TiO₂ and further affects the photocatalytic activity of the obtained catalysts.     

Co3O4改性USY分子筛吸附和催化氧化甲苯特性研究

利用水热法合成Co₃O₄/USY复合材料,研究其对有机污染物甲苯的吸附和催化氧化特性,同时结合微波对Co₃O₄的精准加热特性,考察不同负载量Co₃O₄/USY在微波作用下的升温特性及催化甲苯氧化降解特性。结果表明,通过水热反应,Co₃O₄在USY表面形成多孔蜂窝状结构;负载Co₃O₄后的USY保持较高的吸附容量,Co₃O₄/USY-1.5m室温下的吸附容量为85 mg/g;Co₃O₄/USY在干、湿两种状态下均在325℃表现出优良的催化氧化特性、CO₂选择性和稳定性;Co₃O₄/USY能够与微波高效耦合,快速升温启动其催化作用,控制反应温度为250℃,发现微波诱导甲苯催化氧化过程的CO₂选择性优于常规催化,表明所制备Co₃O₄/USY复合材料具备吸附甲苯并进行微波快速再生协同有机污染物高效催化氧化降解的可行性。     

Co3O4-Bi2O2CO3催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

以Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O、Co(CH₃COO)₂·4H₂O为原料,采用化学沉淀-水热法制备了Co₃O₄-Bi₂O₂CO₃异质结构复合半导体光催化剂,并通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（DRS）、荧光光谱（PL）等手段对所合成的复合型催化剂进行了理化性能表征。研究结果表明：引入Co₃O₄没有改变Bi₂O₂CO₃物相结构,但促进了Bi₂O₂CO₃ 对可见光的吸收能力,提高了Bi₂O₂CO₃表面吸附氧物种的数量,抑制了光生载流子复合。复合光催化剂对罗丹明B（RhB）的光催化脱色实验显示引入Co₃O₄能够明显提高Bi₂O₂CO₃催化剂的光催化脱色能力。尤其是Co₃O₄引入量为0.6%的Co₃O₄-Bi₂O₂CO₃样品对罗丹明B染料的光催化脱色率可达到97%（模拟日光照射30min）。本文为复合型光催化剂制备提供了简单易行的技术路线,制备的新型半导体复合光催化剂Co₃O₄-Bi₂O₂CO₃在环境净化方面表现出了较好的应用前景。     

沉淀方式对沉淀法制备Co_3O_4催化N_2O直接分解性能的影响

以Co(NO_3)_2·6H_2O为钴源,K_2CO_3为沉淀剂,采用沉淀法制备Co_3O_4催化剂,用于催化N_2O直接分解反应。利用N_2~-物理吸附、XRD、FT-IR、TEM、TPR和ICP等对其进行表征,考察沉淀方式对Co_3O_4催化剂结构及其催化性能的影响。结果表明,沉淀方式对制备的Co_3O_4催化剂织构性质、物相组成和晶粒尺寸等影响不大,但显著影响其K残留量和还原性能,进而决定催化剂直接催化分解N_2O的催化性能。反加法制得的催化剂中K残留量为1.43%,明显高于正加法,同时催化剂中Co~(3+)较正加法更易还原,因而表现出更高的催化性能。在空速10 000 h~(-1)和N_2O体积分数0.1%的条件下,反加法制备的催化剂可在280℃催化N_2O完全分解,较正加法低20℃。     

Co3O4/CeO2 composite oxides for methane emissions abatement: Relationship between Co3O4–CeO2 interaction and catalytic activity

Co₃O₄/CeO₂ composite oxides with different cobalt loading (5, 15, 30, 50, 70 wt.% as Co₃O₄) were prepared by co-precipitation method and investigated for the oxidation of methane under stoichiometric conditions. Pure oxides, Co₃O₄ and CeO₂ were used as reference. Characterization studies by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET, temperature programmed reduction/oxidation (TPR/TPO) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out.

An improvement of the catalytic activity and thermal stability of the composite oxides was observed with respect to pure Co₃O₄ in correspondence of Co₃O₄–CeO₂ containing 30% by weight of Co₃O₄. The combined effect of cobalt oxide and ceria, at this composition, strongly influences the morphological and redox properties of the composite oxides, by dispersing the Co₃O₄ phase and promoting the efficiency of the Co³⁺–Co²⁺ redox couple. The presence in the sample Co₃O₄(30 wt.%)–CeO₂ of a high relative amount of Ce³⁺/(Ce⁴⁺ + Ce³⁺) as detected by XPS confirms the enhanced oxygen mobility.

The catalysts stability under reaction conditions was investigated by XRD and XPS analysis of the used samples, paying particular attention to the Co₃O₄ phase decomposition. Methane oxidation tests were performed over fresh (as prepared) and thermal aged samples (after ageing at 750 °C for 7 h, in furnace). The resistance to water vapour poisoning was evaluated for pure Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄(30 wt.%)–CeO₂, performing the tests in the presence of 5 vol.% H₂O. A methane oxidation test upon hydrothermal ageing (flowing at 600 °C for 16 h a mixture 5 vol.% H₂O + 5 vol.%O₂ in He) of the Co₃O₄(30 wt.%)–CeO₂ sample was also performed. All the results confirm the superiority of this composite oxide.     

Catalytic performance of Co3O4/CeO2 and Co3O4/CeO2–ZrO2 composite oxides for methane combustion: Influence of catalyst pretreatment temperature and oxygen concentration in the reaction mixture

The influence of catalyst pre-treatment temperature (650 and 750 °C) and oxygen concentration (λ = 8 and 1) on the light-off temperature of methane combustion has been investigated over two composite oxides, Co₃O₄/CeO₂ and Co₃O₄/CeO₂–ZrO₂ containing 30 wt.% of Co₃O₄. The catalytic materials prepared by the co-precipitation method were calcined at 650 °C for 5 h (fresh samples); a portion of them was further treated at 750 °C for 7 h, in a furnace in static air (aged samples).

Tests of methane combustion were carried out on fresh and aged catalysts at two different WHSV values (12 000 and 60 000 mL g⁻¹ h⁻¹). The catalytic performance of Co₃O₄/CeO₂ and Co₃O₄/CeO₂–ZrO₂ were compared with those of two pure Co₃O₄ oxides, a sample obtained by the precipitation method and a commercial reference. Characterization studies by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) show that the catalytic activity is related to the dispersion of crystalline phases, Co₃O₄/CeO₂ and Co₃O₄/CeO₂–ZrO₂ as well as to their reducibility. Particular attention was paid to the thermal stability of the Co₃O₄ phase in the temperature range of 750–800 °C, in both static (in a furnace) and dynamic conditions (continuous flow). The results indicate that the thermal stability of the phase Co₃O₄ heated up to 800 °C depends on the size of the cobalt oxide crystallites (fresh or aged samples) and on the oxygen content (excess λ = 8, stoichiometric λ = 1) in the reaction mixture. A stabilizing effect due to the presence of ceria or ceria–zirconia against Co₃O₄ decomposition into CoO was observed.

Moreover, the role of ceria and ceria–zirconia is to maintain a good combustion activity of the cobalt composite oxides by dispersing the active phase Co₃O₄ and by promoting the reduction at low temperature.     

铋及钴掺杂TiO2陶瓷负载膜的制备及光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O为铋源,Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O为钴源,采用溶胶-凝胶法在陶瓷基片上分别制备了应用于固定式光催化反应器的Bi-TiO₂复合膜及Co-TiO₂复合膜。研究了涂膜方式及煅烧升温速率对膜表面形态的影响,并以甲基橙溶液为目标降解物,对比了旋涂法及浸渍提拉法制备的薄膜在不同升温速率下的光催化活性。通过热分析仪(TG-DSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试手段分析了掺杂薄膜的结构。结果表明,采用旋涂法制备的薄膜与陶瓷基体结合较为紧密,而浸渍提拉法制备的薄膜催化活性较高。当煅烧温度为500 ℃,升温速率为10 ℃/min时,其对甲基橙的降解率较高。当摩尔比为0.010时Bi-TiO₂复合膜的催化活性较佳,100 min光降解甲基橙比率达到8.10%。钴或铋掺杂TiO₂均可提高TiO₂催化剂的光催化活性,Bi-TiO₂膜的催化活性优于Co-TiO₂膜。