无线传感器网络一种改进的convex定位算法

以convex(凸规划)定位算法为基础,针对range-free定位算法中anchor(已知节点)比例低带来的定位精度低、网络覆盖率低的问题,提出了二跳信息改进定位算法。该算法中,未知节点在通信中加入自身邻居anchor的ID和位置信息并发送给邻居节点,相应的邻居节点从中确定自己的二跳邻居anchor,并利用二跳邻居anchor的二跳通信范围来减小未知节点的可能存在区域,进而提高未知节点的定位精度。仿真表明,二跳信息改进定位算法在anchor节点比例较低情况下能有效提高定位精度,而在anchor节点比例较高时接近原convex算法定位精度,并且网络规模越大这种提高越显著。     

改进人工免疫算法优化的DV-Hop节点定位算法

由于无线传感器网络连通性不合理,导致计算待测节点与已知节点间距离时存在误差。为此,提出一种改进的人工免疫算法(AIA)优化DV-Hop未知节点坐标。首先对原平均跳距加权,其次利用网络中信标节点间距离产生的偏差构造跳距校正值得到最终的全网平均跳距。最后在计算待测节点坐标时引入AIA,针对AIA易陷入局部最优以及收敛速度过慢的问题,在局部搜索过程中采用高斯变异方法对AIA进行改进,扩大搜索范围,得到优化的待测节点坐标。经Matlab仿真证明,与原DV-Hop算法相比,改进后的算法在节点总数、信标节点比例以及通信半径三方面平均定位误差降低了近15%左右,具有较高的定位精度和较好的定位稳定性,同时也改善了算法的收敛性。     

传感器网络的粒子群优化定位算法

无线传感器网络定位问题是一个基于不同距离或路径测量值的优化问题。由于传统的节点定位算法采用最小二乘法求解非线性方程组时很容易受到测距误差的影响,为了提高节点的定位精度,将粒子群优化算法引入到传感器网络定位中,提出了一种传感器网络的粒子群优化定位算法。该算法利用未知节点接收到的锚节点的距离信息,通过迭代方法搜索未知节点位置。仿真结果表明,该算法有效地抑制了测距误差累积对定位精度的影响,提高了节点的定位精度。     

WSN节点定位算法改进研究

在无线传感网络(WSN)中,节点的定位是一个非常之关键的问题,而DV-Hop算法是节点定位诸多算法中最主要的一个算法,但它计算未知节点到锚节点的距离时存在些许问题,所以提出了一个新的计算节点间距离的方法,考虑到在未知节点到锚节点路径上三个连续的节点所形成的角度的影响,使得距离的计算更精确.通过仿真可以得知这个改进算法能有效地提高未知节点定位的覆盖率和精度.     

一种基于虚拟锚节点策略改进的Bounding Box定位算法

针对Bounding Box算法定位误差大、覆盖率低的缺点,提出了一种采用虚拟锚节点策略的改进定位算法。首先未知节点利用其通信范围内的锚节点进行定位;其次,已定位的节点根据升级策略有选择性的升级为虚拟锚节点;最后,无法定位的节点利用虚拟锚节点实现定位。另外,在离散网络模型的基础上,通过建立双半径网络节点模型从而进一步约束了未知节点的位置。理论分析及仿真结果均表明,该算法在显著提高定位覆盖率的同时,有效地提高了定位精度。     

移动无线传感网的生存时间优化算法研究

当sink节点位置固定不变时,分布在sink 节点周围的传感节点很容易成为枢纽节点,因转发较多的数据而过早失效。为解决上述问题,提出移动无线传感网的生存时间优化算法（LOAMWSN）。LOAMWSN算法考虑sink节点的移动,采用减聚类算法确定sink节点移动的锚点,采用最近邻插值法寻找能遍历所有锚点的最短路径近似解,采用分布式非同步Bellman-Ford算法构建sink节点k跳通信范围内的最短路径树。最终,传感节点沿着最短路径树将数据发送给sink节点。仿真结果表明：在节点均匀分布和非均匀分布的无线传感网中,LOAMWSN算法都可以延长网络生存时间、平衡节点能耗,将平均节点能耗保持在较低水平。在一定的条件下,比Ratio_w、TPGF算法更优。     

Moving anchor node localization algorithm based on network connectivity

In order to better solve the contradiction between precision of localization and the number of anchor nodes in wireless sensor network,a mobile anchor node localization technology based on connectivity was proposed.First,the coverage characteristic of the network nodes was analyzed,and a critical value was found between the mobile step and the anchor node communication radius,mobile anchor nodes＇ coverage characteristic would change when near this critical value.Second,a mobile anchor node followed a planning path to form a positioning area seamless coverage was used.Finally,when there was no need for high-precision technology,node position would been estimated according with the connectivity of the network and the receiving information of the node.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can realize coarse-grained localization,and paths perform complete localization.     

基于EKF的无线传感器网络移动信标定位算法

针对无线传感器网络节点定位精度较低的问题,提出一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的移动信标节点定位算法。该算法采用等距三重优化覆盖思想确定虚拟信标分布,利用蚁群算法获取最优遍历路径,同时引入扩展卡尔曼滤波算法以提高节点定位精度。通过对节点通信半径、虚拟信标数目、路径长度、迭代次数等参数分别进行仿真验证,结果表明本文算法定位精度明显优于普通质心定位算法,同时该算法在提高网络覆盖度、降低网络成本等方面也有较大优势。     

无线传感器网络中DV-Hop定位方法的一种改进策略

原DV-Hop(Distance Vector-Hop)方法的定位步骤可归纳为两步：距离估计与位置计算。其中,距离估计精度对网络拓扑敏感,而位置计算算法对距离估计精度敏感,从而导致方法整体对多样性网络拓扑分布的鲁棒性较差。针对这一问题进行分析与改进,在距离估计阶段提出基于1跳内最近邻信标与其余信标的跳数连接关系独立确定未知节点与各信标间平均跳距的策略,以此改善未知节点与信标之间的距离估计误差;在位置计算阶段提出在原有Lateration算法的基础上增加牛顿迭代法优化步骤,以此提高定位精度。实验结果表明,在相同的网络条件下,与原DV-Hop方法和其他典型改进方法相比,改进策略首先在距离估计阶段提高了距离估计精度,进而在位置计算阶段提高了对距离估计误差的鲁棒性,从而整体上可有效提高全网未知节点的定位精度。     

基于DV-Hop的RSSI-Hop算法

在无线传感器网络中,监测到时间之后关心的一个重要问题就是该事件发生的位置。传感器节点能量有限、可靠性差、节点规模大且随机布放、无线模块通信距离有限,对定位算法和定位技术提出了很高的要求。针对随机布放、节点配置低的无线传感器网络,提出一种新的RSSI-Hop定位方法,该方法可以在不增加硬件开销的基础上,有效降低节点能量消耗,较准确地估算未知节点到参考节点之间的距离,减少累积误差,提高定位的准确性。其主要思想是,节点信息根据RSSI强弱,估算各节点到信标节点之间的距离。实验表明,新算法比以前的算法定位更准确。     

基于定位导航系统的改进无线节点空间定位算法

提出了一套针对无线节点空间定位的修正算法.首先提出了一种抽样后求点估计的方法,消除了GPS信息误差造成的影响,然后通过分治法的策略来选取锚节点,保证锚节点的可靠性,普通节点可以通过锚节点与本身进行定位求概率分布,继而修正拓扑,最后通过一个竞争机制来进行有序的网络拓扑坐标修正.实际测试达到了预期的效果.通过该算法,可以在较低功耗下将无线传感网络的定位精度提高,使得无线传感网络能够适应高定位精度的要求.     

WSN中基于最佳指数的加权DV-Hop算法

DV-Hop算法是一种低成本、低定位精度的无需测距定位算法,在粗精度定位中应用广泛。为提高DV-Hop算法定位精度,从减小锚节点的平均每一跳距离误差和减小未知节点平均每一跳校正值误差两方面考虑。首先,用最佳指数值下的公式计算锚节点平均每一跳距离。然后,将未知节点的校正值加权处理,使所有的锚节点根据与未知节点距离的远近影响校正值的大小。MATLAB实验证明,改进的基于最佳指数值下的加权DV-Hop算法比DV-Hop算法、加权DV-Hop、最佳指数值下DV-Hop算法定位精度分别提高2%左右、1.65%左右、1.15%左右,同时不会增加网络硬件成本。     

Coverage optimization algorithm based on VF-CS in mobile sensor network

A random placement of large-scale sensor network in the outdoor environment often causes low coverage.An area coverage optimization algorithm of mobile sensor network (MSN) based on virtual force perturbation and Cuckoo search (VF-CS) was proposed.Firstly,the virtual force of the sensor nodes within the Thiessen polygon was analyzed based on the partitioning of Voronoi diagram of the monitoring area.Secondly,the force of polygon vertices and neighbor nodes was taken as the perturbation factor for updating the node’s location of the Cuckoo search (CS).Finally,the VF-CS guided the node to move so as to achieve the optimal coverage.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has higher coverage and shorter average moving distance of nodes than the Voronoi diagram based algorithms in literatures.     

无线传感器网络中基于APIT与DV-HOP的混合定位算法

无线传感器网络定位技术作为物联网的主要研究内容有着不可或缺的地位。为了达到高定位精确度、高节点覆盖率,本文在对各种基本经典算法深度分析的基础上,提出近似三角形内点(APIT)定位算法和距离向量跳段(DV-HOP)定位算法相结合的混合定位算法。采用角度判断未知节点的准确位置,对三角形内部和外部节点分别进行定位,内部采用APIT算法,定位精确度提高了65%,外部采用最小跳数对DV-HOP加权进行定位,定位精确度提高了24%。相比于原始算法,本文提出的混合算法可以对所有未知节点进行定位,减少了定位误差。通过MATLAB仿真,证明了其有效性。     

Localization algorithm based on minimum condition number for wireless sensor networks

During range-based self-localization of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) nodes, the number and placement methods of beacon nodes have a great influence on the accuracy of localization. This paper proves a theorem which describes the relationship between the placement of beacon nodes and whether the node can be located in 3D indoor environment. In fact, as the highest locating accuracy can be acquired when the beacon nodes form one or more equilateral triangles in 2D plane, we generalizes this conclusion to 3D space, and proposes a beacon nodes selection algorithm based on the minimum condition number to get the higher locating accuracy, which can minimize the influence of distance measurement error. Simulation results show that the algorithm is effective and feasible.     

基于几何学的无线传感器网络定位算法

提出一种基于几何学的无线传感器网络(WSN)定位算法。把网络区域中的节点分为锚节点和未知节点,假设在定位空间中有n个锚节点,由于受到几何学的限制,实际可行的锚节点序列是有限的,因此利用一种几何方法判断锚节点间的位置关系,从而选取最优的锚节点序列,能够更精确地确定未知节点的位置,并且分析了待定位节点的邻居锚节点数量对定位精度的影响。仿真结果表明,与已有的APS(Ad-Hoc positioning system)定位算法相比,该算法可有效地降低平均定位误差和提高定位覆盖度。     

基于临近锚节点修正的DBSCAN聚类加权定位算法

为了提高无线传感器网络节点的定位精确度,给出一种基于临近锚节点修正(CAAN)的具有噪声的基于密度的聚类(DBSCAN)加权定位算法.首先,在未知节点通信范围内的锚节点中选择三个构成三角形,证明当未知节点处在此三角形外接圆圆心位置时定位误差最小,然后据此选择合适的锚节点,结合滤波后的接收信号强度指示(RSSI)值进行定...     

Energy-efficient neighbor discovery protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks

Low energy consumption is a critical design requirement for most wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. Due to minimal transmission power levels, time-varying environmental factors and mobility of nodes, network neighborhood changes frequently. In these conditions, the most critical issue for energy is to minimize the transactions and time consumed for neighbor discovery operations. In this paper, we present an energy-efficient neighbor discovery protocol targeted at synchronized low duty-cycle medium access control (MAC) schemes such as IEEE 802.15.4 and S-MAC. The protocol effectively reduces the need for costly network scans by proactively distributing node schedule information in MAC protocol beacons and by using this information for establishing new communication links. Energy consumption is further reduced by optimizing the beacon transmission rate. The protocol is validated by performance analysis and experimental measurements with physical WSN prototypes. Experimental results show that the protocol can reduce node energy consumption up to 80% at 1–3 m/s node mobility.     

Robust and low‐communication geographic routing for wireless ad hoc networks

A novel beacon‐less algorithm called Blind Geographic Routing (BGR) is presented, which comes with an effective and robust recovery strategy to circumvent voids, and a new technique to avoid simultaneous forwarding by more than one node, features not included in other beacon‐less algorithms. BGR is the first beacon‐less algorithm that also works in 3D topologies. Additionally, BGR supports different delivery semantics, which specify how close a node must be to the destination location in order to receive the message, and how many nodes shall receive it. These semantics allow for routing not only to designated nodes with network‐wide known locations such as sinks, but to arbitrary destinations within the network area. It is shown through extensive simulation that BGR performs well even in the case of mobility, radio irregularity, and location errors, while GPSR as a beacon‐based algorithm suffers from severe problems in realistic scenarios that do not follow the unit disk graph model, even with recent enhancements of the original GPSR algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Path planning using a mobile anchor node based on trilateration in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), many applications require sensor nodes to obtain their locations. Now, the main idea in most existing localization algorithms has been that a mobile anchor node (e.g., global positioning system‐equipped nodes) broadcasts its coordinates to help other unknown nodes to localize themselves while moving according to a specified trajectory. This method not only reduces the cost of WSNs but also gets high localization accuracy. In this case, a basic problem is that the path planning of the mobile anchor node should move along the trajectory to minimize the localization error and to localize the unknown nodes. In this paper, we propose a Localization algorithm with a Mobile Anchor node based on Trilateration (LMAT) in WSNs. LMAT algorithm uses a mobile anchor node to move according to trilateration trajectory in deployment area and broadcasts its current position periodically. Simulation results show that the performance of our LMAT algorithm is better than that of other similar algorithms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.