杭州奥体博览城网球中心结构设计研究综述

杭州奥体博览城网球中心的屋盖为开合屋盖,下部看台及功能用房采用钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构,上覆的钢结构屋盖由固定屋盖和可移动屋盖组成,固定屋盖由24个花瓣形悬挑主桁架旋转复制组成,可移动屋盖由8片可旋转花瓣形网壳组成。固定屋盖上方设置的8片大悬挑移动屋盖,采用平面旋转45°的开启方式,8片花瓣闭合时覆盖整个场地。基于工程结构体系以及全过程结构设计,对于超长混凝土结构温度收缩效应计算方法、移动屋盖在移动过程中的多模型多工况设计、看台外倾引起的重力荷载作用下看台斜梁和顶部环梁受拉的处理、施工后浇带的合拢时间对于整体结构的受力的影响以及大跨度钢结构的屈曲稳定等问题进行专项分析和处理,可为类似工程结构设计提供参考。     

杭州奥体网球中心开合屋盖施工关键技术

杭州奥体网球中心采用了首个支承于大悬挑结构上的旋转开合屋盖,其活动屋盖由8片花瓣式屋盖组成.施工中采用了地面拼装成段、场外分段吊装、高空对接合拢、卸载找平、地面模拟调试等施工工艺,通过这些技术的应用保证了安装精度、施工进度和质量安全要求,确保杭州奥体网球中心项目得以顺利实施,可为类似旋转开合屋盖工程施工提供良好参考.     

宁夏吴忠黄河文化体育会展中心屋盖结构设计

宁夏吴忠黄河文化体育会展中心建筑功能含三大部分:体育场、体育馆和会展中心,总建筑面积约11万m~2。其中体育场钢结构挑篷为一直径234m的圆形,采用悬挑式钢桁架结构体系,最大悬挑跨度31m;体育馆与会展中心共同组成体育会展馆,其屋面钢结构罩棚按建筑功能分为五大部分,分别采用双向或单向钢桁架结构体系,其中体育馆最大跨度达92m。本文分体育场和体育会展馆两大部分,分别介绍了其屋盖钢结构体系及其受力特点,结构计算分析结果及基础设计情况。本项目屋盖结构受力合理明确,结构性能及各项指标满足要求,结构达到了安全、经济的目标。项目已于2018年投入使用。     

天水体育中心钢结构分析与设计

天水市体育中心由体育场、体育馆、游泳馆、体育学校以及连接场馆的两个室外大平台组成。场馆的看台及下部结构采用钢筋混凝土框架结构,屋面呈"飘带"形空间曲面,将一场两馆的屋盖连成一个整体。介绍了该项目中钢结构运用的分析与设计。体育场罩棚采用双向管桁架钢结构,体育馆、游泳馆屋盖采用局部三层网架结构。由于结构超长,钢结构屋盖设置了温度伸缩缝以及温度伸缩节构造,有效释放了温度应力。各场馆的计算分析都基于钢结构与混凝土结构整体拼装模型。由于项目所在地区为高烈度区,下部框架结构中采用了屈曲约束支撑,对屋盖结构也进行了小震与中震的抗震性能目标分析。考虑到体育场罩棚大型悬挑构件抗风设计,还进行了抗连续倒塌验算,并对关键支座节点进行了实体有限元分析,确保了结构可靠的传力与约束。通过结构分析,该工程的设计满足规范要求。     

郑州奥林匹克中心体育场钢结构施工技术

郑州奥林匹克体育中心位于郑州市常西湖新区,主要包括"一场两馆"。体育场钢结构屋盖平面近似为圆形,南北向跨度约为291. 5 m,东西向跨度约为311. 6 m,看台罩棚东西向悬挑长度为54. 1 m,南北向悬挑长度为30. 8 m。通过对该体育场钢结构罩棚安装和预应力施工方案的研究,以及对施工过程进行的有限元模拟分析表明,该项目施工方案科学合理,安全可行。     

连江县体育公园体育场结构设计

连江县体育公园体育场主体采用钢筋砼框架结构,屋盖采用空间钢管桁架结构,最大悬挑长度28.6m。用SATWE、3D3S软件分别对主体结构及钢结构罩棚单独建模计算分析;考虑钢筋砼和钢结构协同工作,用PMSAP对结构进行整体总装计算分析;采用包络设计的方法确保各结构构件在最不利受力工况下的安全,并用抗震性能化设计方法对关键构件按设定的性能目标进行设计。文章简要介绍了看台结构中斜梁、SRC柱以及钢罩棚的设计要点,并阐述了处理看台砼结构超长引起的温度裂缝以及砼收缩裂缝所采用的一系列技术构造措施。     

喀什体育场钢结构设计

介绍了新疆喀什体育场罩棚的钢结构设计,分析了钢结构设计中温度作用对结构的影响,并对钢结构罩棚及支撑钢结构屋面的混凝土柱在大震作用下的地震响应进行论述。在罕遇地震作用下,上部钢结构仅在悬挑端部局部出现构件截面部分屈服。对于支撑钢屋盖混凝土柱大量出现My和Mz铰,局部破坏程度达到构件明显破坏。大震作用下,支撑钢屋盖的混凝土柱纵向配筋率需要加强以提高抗弯能力。     

旋转开合屋盖体系运动全过程协同分析

旋转开合屋盖与支承结构之间相互作用明显，需要对两者进行协同分析。为了开展不同开合程度下和运动全过程中旋转开合屋盖与支承结构间的协同分析，提出了基于有限质点法的旋转开合屋盖体系协同分析方法。该方法可以同时考虑旋转开合屋盖与支承结构之间的接触碰撞与摩擦，以及驱动荷载的作用，并采用对称结构分析模型简化以提高求解效率。采用该方法对杭州奥体网球中心旋转开合屋盖体系进行了协同分析，结果表明：该方法可以较好地反映旋转开合屋盖体系不同开合程度下和运动全过程中的结构响应；相较于开启状态，该结构在闭合状态下受力更为不利；在运动全过程中，轮轨间相互作用致使振动，动力效应不可忽视；运动速度越大，结构响应振动越明显，应根据运动速度选取合适的自重荷载增大系数。     

天津海河教育园区体育中心体育馆及公共实训中心钢结构屋盖设计

天津海河教育园区体育中心体育馆及公共实训中心的屋盖采用空间异形钢网架结构。考虑下部结构分缝情况,将钢结构屋盖分为8个部分,网架1与网架2通过搭接桁架连接在一起,最大跨度约为80m,最大悬挑约为27m;网架3的跨度约为27m,网架4的跨度约为25.2m。对钢结构屋盖的荷载取值、结构布置、设计参数选取、节点分析与设计、支座设计进行了总结和讨论,可为类似工程提供参考。     

国家网球馆“钻石球场”开合屋盖结构设计

国家网球馆是一座带有开合屋盖的现代大型体育场馆。在设计中提出开合屋盖的性能指标与设计荷载取值方法。屋盖开合状态对风荷载敏感,需要通过风洞试验确定风压分布与脉动特性。活动屋盖运行过程中台车反力不断变化,需要通过对其移动过程分析,找出最不利位置。研究了各种开合位置的结构动力特性,采用时程法与振型分解反应谱法分析活动屋盖在多遇地震作用下的响应。此外,在活动屋盖移动对固定屋盖轨道桁架变形影响分析的基础上,提出一种适用于圆形平面带矩形洞口结构的起拱曲面方程。     

Designing the world's largest dome: the National Stadium roof of Singapore Sports Hub

The new 55,000-seat National Stadium is the centrepiece of the Singapore Sports Hub project due to be completed in mid-2014. The stadium features bowl cooling to all spectators as well as the 30,000-seat lower tier being able to be reconfigured and moved to transition from football to athletic and cricket modes. The roof is a highly efficient dome spanning 310 m with a rise of 85 m from the ground level. The fixed roof dome structure will be the largest dome roof in the world covering a stadium and also supports a symmetrical movable roof in two halves. The fixed roof dome structure is formed by a series of arch shaped steel trusses varying in depth from 5 m at the centre to 2.5 m at the base and a post-tensioned concrete ring beam support. These trussed arches are constructed from circular hollow section elements and span in multiple directions and cross the roof opening to form a highly efficient braced dome structure. To manage the design of such a huge multi-element structure, Arup used advanced parametric design software as well as in-house software specifically developed for the project to optimise and exchange information between architect and engineer, and then to fabrication. As well as Arup designing the structure, a second Arup team was engaged by the steel subcontractor to carry out highly complex and challenging connection design. The structure forming the roof is exposed architecturally with the roof having no ceiling or cladding on the underside, meaning that the structural sections and form of the connections are important architecturally as well as structurally. The circular hollow sections used to form the trusses and the truss forms themselves ensure clean and elegant lines within the structure. Due to the movable roof there is a varying load on the structure and fatigue needed to be considered. While the structure is not highly fatigue sensitive, fatigue needed to be carefully considered in the design and form of the connections to ensure that it did not become governing in the design or the structural members. This paper focuses on the architectural concept development, the fixed and movable roof design as well as the post-tensioned concrete ring beam support structure. The paper also describes an exercise to investigate the potential savings in material use that could have been made if higher strength, high elongation steel had been economically viable and could have been competitively tendered. It is shown that it could be possible to make a significant saving on element steelwork if either hot finished Niobium grain refined S500 or S690 could be adopted for similar projects in the future.     

大悬挑屋盖结构采用筒式粘弹性阻尼器的风振控制应用研究

合肥体育中心综合体育馆为大悬挑钢网架屋盖结构,悬挑28.23m.该屋盖结构悬挑跨度大,造型复杂,且悬挑部分上、下表面均受到风的作用,原设计方案的悬挑自由端竖向位移超出了规范的规定.为有效抑制风振响应、改善结构抗振性能,采用筒式粘弹性阻尼器对其进行风振控制.根据消能支撑的风振控制力、等效刚度、等效耗能因子及结构动力特性,在大悬挑钢屋盖结构的关键部位设置附加的消能支撑.研究和实践表明,设置消能支撑后,明显减小了风振的竖向位移反应,其强度和刚度均满足规范要求,取得了很好的社会效益和经济效益.     

约束条件对天津极地海洋馆网壳结构性能的影响

天津极地海洋馆钢结构屋盖根据仿生学原理模拟鲸鱼的外形。"鲸鱼"身长275m,宽117m,高45.6m,采用双层网壳结构模拟;尾部背鳍高69.4m,采用空间管桁架结构模拟。通过对其屋盖钢结构主体的有限元分析,主要研究了双层网壳结构在弹性支座和固定铰支座两种不同约束条件下的静力性能、动力特性和抗震性能,分析支座刚度对网壳结构性能的影响。相比固定铰支座,弹性支座可以明显地改善屋盖双层网壳结构的力学性能,对相关课题研究及工程设计具有一定的理论价值与实用意义。     

某大悬挑屋盖结构的风振分析

某大悬挑钢屋盖结构,悬挑28.23 m。该屋盖结构悬挑跨度大,形状复杂,且悬挑部分上、下表面均受到风的作用,风荷载为支配荷载。介绍了该屋盖结构的结构布置特点以及计算分析要点,并进行了风振分析。根据分析结果,在满足承载力设计的条件下,原设计方案的悬挑自由端竖向位移超出了规范的规定,应对其进行减振设计。     

超高层建筑大悬挑钢结构屋顶安装技术

厦门市工人体育馆高168 m,其屋面四边外挑.主体施工完成后,屋面设计变更,使屋面悬挑长度增加.以设计变更前悬挑施工脚手架及已完工的大悬挑钢架为基础悬挑搭设施工架,安装变更的悬挑钢结构及装饰面,并在原操作平台的基础上加大操作平台面积,最终圆满完成施工.     

武汉火车站中央站房大型滑移胎架设计

武汉火车站中央站房空间网壳结构屋面采用大型滑移胎架、高空原位安装法施工.介绍在施工工期紧张及结构形式特殊等因素影响下,支承胎架的设计.长41.1m,宽32.875m,高52m,单部胎架重2 740t的大型滑移胎架由滑移胎架、跨搭式桁架、钢支柱和檩条式桁架组成.对大型胎架进行了动力和静力分析,计算结果表明胎架的承载力、变形和稳定性满足规范要求.     

Wind tunnel study on the influence of different parapets on the roof pressure distribution of low-rise buildings

High suction loads appear on roofs of low-height buildings. The use of parapets with appropriate height at the roof edges alleviates these loads. The performance of six parapet configurations to decrease the suction loads induced on roofs by oblique winds has been studied in a low speed wind tunnel. The studied parapet configurations include vertical wall parapets, either solid or porous, and cantilevered parapets formed by a small horizontal roof close to the building roof. Low-height parapets with a medium porosity and cantilevered parapets are more efficient than solid parapets to reduce the wind suctions generated on the roofs by conical vortices.     

Experimental study on the motion process of radial retractable roof structures

In recent years, the use of retractable roofs is increasing to meet the demand of holding big-scale events. This article introduces a class of radial retractable roofs based on the foldable bar structure (FBS) mechanism. A radial retractable roof structure whose moveable section consisted of 6 segments and 6 rigid linkages was designed with appropriate parameters. An experimental study of a radial retractable roof was carried out. A scale model with a 3 metre diameter was constructed to study the roof deflection and vibration during the deployment process under four different load cases. Furthermore, based on the multi-flexible body dynamics theory, an ADAMS-ANSYS co-simulation was applied to simulate the motion process of the radial retractable roof structure. The experimental results were consistent with the numerical simulations. This indicates that the dynamic and fluctuation phenomena of structural behaviour are universal. The structural vibration was increased with the increase of external loads, and the vibration amplitude increased significantly when the roof was starting and braking. With the closing of the movable roof, the deflection of the fixed roof increased significantly. In the motion process, the bending moment of the fixed roof gradually increases, while that of the moving roof varies little. Vertical vibration is significant in the motion process by reason of the complex wheel-rail contact.     

体育场主看台悬挑屋盖的风荷载计算

采用数值模拟方法并结合风洞模型试验数据,对一平屋面和一斜屋面的体育场主看台悬挑屋盖的表面风压进行了计算和分析,对屋盖上下表面的风压分布规律进行了总结和归纳。在此基础上,提出了两种屋面情况的屋盖风荷载简化分布图线和计算方法,并与国外相关规范建议的公式作了比较。该简化计算方法可直接供同类结构的抗风设计参考和应用。