连接基长度对GSS/TX-100复配体系表面性质的影响

研究了不同连接基的琥珀酸酯磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂(GSS)与辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚(TX-100)复配体系(GSS/TX-100)在水溶液中的表面性质和胶团化行为,对混合胶团和表面吸附层的组成和相互作用参数进行了计算。结果发现:复配体系水溶液在形成胶团和表面吸附时无明显甚至不存在正加和增效,但是TX-100的加入可明显降低GSS的临界胶束浓度,混合胶团中TX-100占胶团的主要成分,GSS与TX-100具有较弱的相互作用,连接基较短的GSS更易形成胶束,也更易与TX-100形成混合胶束。     

GSS362/TX-100复配体系在水中的溶液行为研究

研究了1,3-丙二醇双子琥珀酸二异辛酯磺酸钠(GSS362)和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TX-100)复配物在水中的表面性质和胶束化行为,并对理想混合临界胶束浓度以及混合体系中各组分在表面吸附层和胶束中的组成、相互作用参数和热力学参数进行分析计算。结果表明,复配物在水溶液中不存在协同效应,但是TX-100的加入明显降低了GSS362的临界胶束浓度,混合胶束的形成为自发过程,胶束中GSS362与TX-100分子具有较弱的相互作用,胶束中富含非离子表面活性剂TX-100。     

GSS471/TX-100复配体系动态表面活性研究

用最大泡压法测定磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂1,4-丁二醇双子琥珀酸二仲辛酯磺酸钠(GSS471)与TX-100复配溶液的动态表面张力(DST),详细表征了DST随时间的变化过程,研究了配比和浓度对其DST的影响,利用Rosen模型得出DST的n、t*、t_i、t_m和R_(1/2)。结果表明,复配溶液浓度越高,吸附到界面的速率越快,介平衡表面张力值越小且越接近平衡值,DST曲线越低,且扩散势垒越小,吸附势垒越大,动态表面活性越高。当复配溶液形成大量胶束、n(GSS471)∶n(TX-100)=0.4∶0.6时,动态表面活性最好,且较两个单一表面活性剂的动态表面活性显著;当复配溶液形成微量或未形成胶束、n(GSS471)∶n(TX-100)=0.2∶0.8时,动态表面活性最好。     

3-烷氧基-2-羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵和十二烷基磺酸钠混合溶液的相互作用

研究了3-烷氧基-2-羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵（RTAC）同系物与十二烷基磺酸钠（R12SO3Na）混合水溶液的表面张力、胶团形成和表面吸附。实验表明,此类复配体系在胶团形成,降低表面张力的效率和能力上均显示了全面的增效作用。     

3—烷氧基—2—羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵和十二烷基磺酸钠混合溶液的相互 …

研究了３－烷氧基－２羟基丙三甲基氯化铵（ＲＴＡＣ）同系物与十二烷基磺酸钠（Ｒ１２ＳＯ３Ｎａ）混合水溶液的表面张力、胶团形成和表面吸附。实验表明，此类复配体系在胶团形成，降低表面张力的效率和能力上均显示了全面的增效作用。     

琥珀酸二异辛酯磺酸钠/月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚-7混合体系在水中的溶液行为研究

研究了琥珀酸二异辛酯磺酸钠(062)和月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚-7(AEO-7)混合体系在水中的表面性质和胶团化行为,并对理想混合胶团临界胶束浓度(CMC)~(dea)和混合体系中各组分在表面吸附层和胶团中的组成、相互作用参数和热力学参数进行分析计算。结果表明,062/AEO-7混合体系在水中不存在协同效应,但是AEO-7的加入明显降低了062的临界胶束浓度,混合胶团的形成为自发过程,胶团中062与AEO-7分子具有较弱的相互作用,表面吸附层和胶团中均富含非离子表面活性剂AEO-7。     

三氧乙基化十二醇醚磺酸盐与某些阳离子表面活性剂复配体系的表面…

本文研究了三氧乙基化十二醇醚磺酸钠〔Ｃ１２Ｈ２５ＯＣ２Ｈ４）３ＳＯ３Ｎａ，简称Ｃ１２ＥＯ３Ｓ〕与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（ＣＴＡＢ），十二烷基三甲基溴化铵（ＤＤＴＡＢ）复配体系在纯水溶液中的表面活性，计算了１＝１复配体系胶束形成和表面吸附的标准自由能ΔＧ＾０ｍｉｃ、ΔＧ＾０ａｄ，及分子间相互作用参数β＾ｍ、β＾ｓ，揭示了两组分相互作用的强度和混合体系表面相及胶团的组成。     

脂肪酰基谷氨酸钠与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵在水溶液中的相互作用

研究了Ｎ 脂肪酰基谷氨酸钠（ＦＡＧ Ｎａ）与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（ＣＴＡＢ）混合水溶液的表面活性，测定了不同比例混合水溶液的表面张力—浓度曲线，得出临界胶束浓度及此时的表面张力。应用Ｇｉｂｂｓ吸附公式求出表面总吸附量，根据吸附层及胶束中两表面活性剂分子的相互作用参数公式求出吸附层及混合胶束组成。实验表明，此体系显示了较高的表面活性。     

四氟乙烯五聚体氧基苯磺酸钠与辛基三乙基溴化铵的相互作用

研究不同摩尔比的正负离子碳氢-碳氟表面活性剂——辛基三乙基溴化铵〔C8H17N(CH2CH3)3Br,C8NE〕与四氟乙烯五聚体氧基苯磺酸钠(C10F19OC6H4SO3Na,6201)混合溶液的表面张力,得到其临界胶束浓度(CMC)、最低表面张力(γCMC)、总饱和吸附量、不同表面张力时表面吸附层的组成;利用Gibbs-Duhem方程求得CMC处的胶团组成。采用规则溶液理论计算胶团中分子间相互作用参数(βm)以及CMC后的胶团组成。C8NE-6201复配体系的CMC明显小于单体系,这与βm负值很大相符(胶团内分子相互作用强)。但复配体系γCMC较6201单体系变化很小,这可能由于6201疏水链过长导致和C8NE复配后溶解性较差。6201自身的强疏水性使其成为表面吸附层和胶团在初始形成时的主导组分,而反电性C8NE参与提供协同作用。但是CMC后的胶团组成中6201的摩尔分数x6201m基本维持在0.6~0.7附近,说明对于CMC后胶团的形成正负电性作用占主导。     

三氧乙基化十二醇醚磺酸盐与某些阳离子表面活性剂复配体系的表面活性和分子间相互作用

本文研究了三氧乙基化十二醇醚磺酸钠[C_(12)H_(25)OC_2H_4)_3SO_3Na,简称C_(12)EO_3S]与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DDTAB)复配体系在纯水溶液中的表面活性,计算了1=1复配体系胶束形成和表面吸附的标准自由能△G°mic、△G°ad,及分子间相互作用参数β~m、β~B揭示了两组分相互作用的强度和混合体系表面相及胶团的组成。     

Wetting and adsorption properties of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Triton X-100 mixture with short-chain alcohol in polymer–solution–air system

Measurements of the contact angle of the aqueous solutions of Triton X-100 (TX-100) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) mixture with methanol or propanol on the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and nylon-6 surfaces were made. On the basis of the obtained results, the Gibbs surface excess concentration of alcohol and TX-100 + CTAB mixture at the polymer–solution and polymer–air interfaces was calculated and compared to that at the solution–air one. The standard Gibbs free energy of alcohol adsorption was determined by different methods. For TX-100 and CTAB mixture, this energy was calculated using the values of critical micelle concentration (CMC) of that mixture, the surface tension and contact angle of aqueous solution of alcohol as well as the surface tension and contact angle of the aqueous solution of TX-100 and CTAB mixture with alcohol at CMC. The polymer–solution interfacial tension, the adhesion tension, and the adhesion work of the studied solutions to the polymer surface were also determined. From the obtained data, it results that the studied solutions can wet completely only the nylon-6 surface and that below alcohol critical aggregation concentration the adsorption of surfactants and alcohols at the polymer–water and water–air interfaces is similar for PTFE and different for nylon-6.     

Electrical Aspects of Adsorbing Colloid Flotation. XX. NMR Studies of Laurie Acid Solubilization

Abstract

Mixed micelles of dodecanoic acid with sodium dodecylsulfate, Triton X-100 (TX-100, an alkylphenylpolyethoxy alcohol), and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride were studied. T₁ and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) measurements were made using dodecanoic acid C-13 labeled at the carboxyl group. Viscosity measurements were made and titration curves run of dodecanoic acid in these mixed micelles. The pK_a of dodecanoic acid increases, as one goes, from cationic to neutral to anionic micelles. Generally the mixed micelles are apparently small and roughly spherical; in acidic solution, however, dodecanoic acid-TX-100 micelles are large with an extended structure. NOE measurements indicate that the carboxyl group is relatively close to the protons in the micelle core, and that the carboxyl group moves out slightly into the aqueous phase on becoming ionized. The NOE of dodecanoic acid-TX-100 micelles indicates interaction between the carboxyl carbon and the protons in the ethoxy chain of TX-100.     

Adsorption and Aggregation Activity of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Rhamnolipid Mixture

Measurements of the surface tension, density and viscosity of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and rhamnolipid (RL) mixtures were carried out in aqueous solution. From the obtained results, composition of mixed surface layer at the water–air interface, mixed micelles, parameter of intermolecular interactions, activity of SDS and RL in the surface layer and micelles, Gibbs standard free energy of adsorption and micellization as well as Gibbs free energy of SDS and RL mixing in the surface layer and micelles were established. These parameters were discussed in the light of independent adsorption of SDS and RL and the size of their molecules as well as the area in contact with water molecules. A correlation between the number of water molecules in contact with those of SDS and RL and standard free energy of adsorption as well as micellization of these surfactants was observed. A correlation between the apparent and partial molar volumes of RL and SDS in their mixture and size of surfactant molecules as well as the average distance between molecules was also found. The parameter of intermolecular interactions indicates that there is a synergetic effect in the reduction of water surface tension and micelle formation.     

异辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚/十二烷基溴化吡啶混合溶液的表面性质及各组分含量的测定

对不同组成的异辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TX-100)和十二烷基溴化吡啶(DDPB)混合表面活性剂在KH2PO4/Na2HPO4缓冲溶液中的表面性质进行了研究,结果表明TX-100和DDPB间存在着较弱的作用。研究结果证实利用高效毛细管电泳法能够较准确地测定该混合体系中各单组分表面活性剂的含量;并能将该方法用于测定TX-100和DDPB的临界胶束浓度。     

Wettability of polytetrafluoroethylene and polymethyl methacrylate by aqueous solutions of TX-100 and TX-165 mixture with propanol

The measurements of the contact angle of the aqueous solutions of TX-100 and TX-165 mixture with propanol on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were carried out. On the basis of the obtained results, the dependence between the cosine of contact angle and surface tension as well as between the adhesion and surface tension of the solutions in the light of the work of adhesion of the solutions to the PTFE and PMMA surface was discussed. The dependence between the adhesion and surface tension for PMMA was correlated to the surface concentration of propanol as well as TX-100 and TX-165 mixture concentration determined from the Frumkin equation at the PMMA-air, PMMA-solution and solution–air interfaces. For this purpose, the surface tension of PMMA covered by a surface active agent film was determined using the Neumann et al. equation and next the PMMA–solution interface tension was evaluated from the Young equation. The values of the surface tension of PMMA covered by propanol and surfactants mixture layer were applied to describe the changes of the adhesion work of solutions to PMMA surface as a function of propanol and surfactants mixture concentration. The adhesion work of the aqueous solutions of TX-100 and TX-165 mixture with propanol to the PTFE and PMMA surfaces was discussed in the light of the adhesion work of particular components of the solutions. On the basis of the results obtained from the contact angle measurements, the standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption of particular components of solution was also considered.     

Interaction of Cetrimide with Nonionic Surfactants—Triton X-100 and Brij-35: A Conductometric and Tensiometric Study

Conductometric and surface tension techniques were employed to study the different mole fractions of nonionic surfactants (TX-100 and Brij-35) with cetrimide. The standard Gibbs energies of micellization (\(\Delta G_{\text{m}}^{0}\)) and the Gibbs energies of transfer (\(\Delta G_{\text{trans}}^{0}\)) in the mixture of surfactants were also calculated; the micellization becomes more spontaneous on increasing the amount of nonionic surfactants in the mixture. It was observed that the values of excess surface concentration (Γ_max) in surfactant mixtures decrease in comparison to the pure surfactants but the values of minimum area per surfactant molecule (A _min) increase in surfactant mixtures than in the pure ones. It was also observed that the values of the interaction parameter (β) are negative at all mole fractions. A gradual decrease in β with temperature is observed indicating the synergism between the two components and is attributed to the decrease in the electrostatic repulsion between the charged heads of the cationic surfactant as the nonionic surfactant is being intercalated into the micelle. The activity coefficients were found out to be less than unity confirming nonideality of the system and the negative values of excess free energy of mixing confirm that the mixed micelles formed were stable.     

Synergistic Interaction between Nonionic Octylphenol Polyoxyethylene Ethers and Effect of Hydrophilic Chain

The micellization of binary mixture composed of nonionic octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-n, n is the average number of oxyethylene unit) and its homologues, as well as the effect of hydrophilic chain were investigated. The tensiometry was adopted to determine the critical micelle concentration of binary surfactant mixture. According to the regular solution theory, some thermodynamic models were used to predict the parameters of micellization and the thermodynamic parameters. For all the three binary mixtures of nonionic/nonionic surfactants, each of which shows a nonideal mixing and can behave synergistically in aqueous solution. For both the mixture of OP-10/OP-7 and the mixture of OP-10/OP-4, the positive deviation of the mole fraction of surfactant in mixed micelle from its ideal value coexists with the negative deviation in the entire range of compositions in aqueous solution, while for the mixture of OP-7/OP-4, it only shows a positive deviation. Thermodynamic data indicate that for all the three binary surfactant mixtures, the process of micellization is entropically spontaneous, and the change of hydrophilic chain results in the difference in the stability of mixed micelle. The results can be explained by the steric effect, the hydrogen bonding and the hydration. The work helps with understanding the interaction between molecules and properties for some industrial products constituted by nonionic surfactant and its homologues.     

Regular and irregular micelles formed by A LEL triblock copolymer in aqueous solution

Laser light scattering (LLS) techniques were used to characterize the micellization of poly(d,l-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactide) (LEL) triblock copolymer (MW 1K-2K-1K) in aqueous solution. We observed the existence of both thermodynamically stable flower-like micelles (regular micelles) and large, less soluble nanoparticles (irregular micelles) in dilute aqueous solutions with the same preparation procedure. Both kinds of micelles were found to co-exist with single copolymer chains. The initial copolymer concentration determines the nature of the micelles. The regular core-shell micelle formation follows a closed association mechanism, resulting in flower-like micelles. The hydrophobicity of a L unit is estimated as ∼0.5-0.6 B (polyoxybutylene) units from the micellization parameters, which is quite consistent with earlier estimations obtained from EL diblock copolymers.     

Effects of Head Groups on the Aggregation Behavior of Lauryl Monoglucoside Sulfosuccinates in Aqueous Solution

Lauryl monoglucoside sulfosuccinates (LG-SS) with four different numbers of hydrophilic groups were synthesized by two steps. The surface activity of these surfactants was determined by surface tension measurements. The aggregation behaviors of these surfactants in aqueous solutions were also studied. The results suggested that the micellization process of these surfactants in aqueous solution is spontaneous. The micellar morphology of LG-SS is spherical. Some parameters such as surface tension, the adsorption efficiency, efficiency of forming micelles, aggregation number, and micelle size increase with the number of hydrophilic groups. However, these parameters decrease when the number of hydrophilic groups and the number of hydrophilic base charges are increased.