通用炼油厂水系统优化模型开发与应用

传统水系统优化往往只考虑了新鲜水用量,而忽视了除盐水、除氧水、各等级蒸汽、蒸汽冷凝水、循环冷却水等类型的水,缺乏对各类型水量关联性的研究。针对这种局限性,提出了包含多种类型水的通用用水过程模型,以及通用炼油厂水系统优化的超结构和相应的数学模型,模型中集成了各装置及各种类型水之间关联的物料衡算方程。利用商业软件GAMS对某炼油厂的水系统进行建模求解,案例分析结果表明,除盐水用量有所下降,回用水用量增加,在优化前后雨水量保持469.36 t·h-1的情况下,系统的新鲜水用量从489.44 t·h~(-1)减小到283.94t·h~(-1),以系统新鲜水量和雨水量之和为基准,节水率达到21.4%。加工吨原油取水量从0.649 t减小至0.510 t,接近国内先进水平。案例研究表明,提出的优化模型能够有效地计算整个炼油厂水系统的新鲜水用量,验证了该模型的实用性。     

地表水处理系统优化模型

文章介绍了地表水处理传统优化模型,水处理最优化模型,预测给定时段下的药剂需求量,预测出水水质超标时段,原水水质的技术约束及水处理构筑物改建等的数学模型。     

PIMS模型开发与应用

介绍了二次开发PIMS长岭炼化模型及应用中所取得的经验，并给出了一整套PIMS建模辅助工具。     

炼油厂氢气系统优化调度及其应用

建模求解,并通过实例证明了模型的有效性和可行性,为实际的炼油厂氢气系统优化调度起到了指导作用。     

基于元模型的过程系统优化

应用均匀实验设计和支持向量机方法构建复杂过程系统的经验模型(元模型),并将其作为适应度函数与遗传算法结合,建立了该系统的优化方法. 该方法只需采用少量仿真模型计算数据便可建立复杂过程系统的元模型,可显著降低复杂过程系统模型的计算过程,便于复杂过程系统的优化. 将该方法用于普光高含硫天然气净化装置全流程操作参数优化,在操作参数优化空间内均匀选取10个实验点,建立了净化装置全流程元模型,其预测值的相对误差小于4%. 优化结果表明,在优化操作点,净化装置有效能效率提高了6.6%.     

炼油厂氢气网络建模与多目标优化(英文)

The demand of hydrogen in oil refinery is increasing as market forces and environmental legislation, so hydrogen network management is becoming increasingly important in refineries. Most studies focused on single-objective optimization problem for the hydrogen network, but few account for the multi-objective optimization problem. This paper presents a novel approach for modeling and multi-objective optimization for hydrogen network in refineries. An improved multi-objective optimization model is proposed based on the concept of superstructure. The optimization includes minimization of operating cost and minimization of investment cost of equipment. The proposed methodology for the multi-objective optimization of hydrogen network takes into account flow rate constraints, pressure constraints, purity constraints, impurity constraints, payback period, etc. The method considers all the feasible connections and subjects this to mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). A deterministic optimization method is applied to solve this multi-objective optimization problem. Finally, a real case study is intro-duced to illustrate the applicability of the approach.     

炼化企业燃料动力系统优化模型的建模与应用

在炼油化工企业中,燃料动力系统是重要的组成部分,负责为生产装置提供符合要求的蒸汽、电等能源介质,燃料动力系统的优化运行对降低动力成本和装置能耗有显著影响。石家庄炼化分公司燃料动力系统设备配置复杂、蒸汽系统压力等级及用户较多,采用燃料动力优化系统软件,建立了符合企业实际的优化模型,并对燃料动力系统实施优化,动力运行成本降低2 086万元。同时介绍了燃料动力优化系统的软件架构及特点、技术路线及关键技术和系统的主要功能模块,以及系统的预算对接功能在企业制定科学合理的动力费用计划中的作用。     

煤气化过程的模型和模拟与优化操作

介绍了煤气化过程的模型和煤气化过程采用机理模型的理由，固定床煤气化过程机理模型的建立以及模拟计算的结果，并探讨了固定床水煤气化炉和流化床水煤气炉制气过程优化操作参数的确定。开发的数学模型已用于制气炉的模拟计算，与实测数据比较符合，由气化过程的数学模拟气化过程不同条件下各种参数的变化规律，进而可得出气化过程的优化操作条件，其确定过程比试验法安全，省时，省料。     

并联连续再生/再循环的多杂质间歇用水系统优化方法

为了有效地减少多杂质间歇用水系统的新鲜水消耗量和再生处理量,针对多杂质间歇过程用水网络提出连续操作并联再生处理单元水网络结构模型及其优化设计方法。通过在用水网络中设置中间储罐和再生单元以实现对不同水质废水并联分质处理,建立了减少用水系统的新鲜水用量和再生水量以及废水排放量的数学规划模型,采用GAMS软件对一个实例进行求解。计算和分析表明：提出的水网络结构与优化设计方法可有效地解决按水质对废水进行并联处理的间歇用水系统,使系统的新鲜水用量和再生水流率同时达到最小。     

Soft sensors model optimization and application for the refinery real-time prediction of toluene content

Industrial facilities nowadays show an increasing need for continuous measurements, monitoring and controlling many process variables. The on-line process analyzers, being the key indicators of process and product quality, are often unavailable or malfunction. This paper describes development of soft sensor models based on the real plant data that could replace an on-line analyzer when it is unavailable, or to monitor and diagnose an analyzer’s performance. Soft sensors for continuous toluene content estimation based on the real aromatic plant data are developed. The autoregressive model with exogenous inputs, output error, the nonlinear autoregressive model consisted of exogenous inputs and Hammerstein–Wiener models were developed. In case of complex real-plant processes a large number of model regressors and coefficients need to be optimized. To overcome an exhaustive trial-and-error procedure of optimal model regressor order determination, differential evolution optimization method is applied. In general, the proposed approach could be, of interest for the development of dynamic polynomial identification models. The performance of the models are validated on the real-plant data.     

Product tri-section based crude distillation unit model for refinery production planning and refinery optimization

Accuracy of a crude distillation unit (CDU) model has a significant impact on refinery production planning. High accuracy is typically accomplished via nonlinear models which causes convergence difficulties when the entire refinery model is optimized. CDU model presented in this work is a mixed-integer linear model with a modest number of binary variables; its accuracy is on par with rigorous tray to tray CDU models. The model relies on the observation¹² that a line through the middle of the product true boiling point (TBP) curve depends on the crude feed properties and the yields of the adjacent products. Novelty of the product tri-section CDU model is that it does not require models of individual distillation towers comprising the CDU, thereby leading to a much simpler model structure. Significant reduction in the computational effort required for the optimization of nonlinear refinery models is illustrated by comparison with previous work.     

大型循环水系统的优化设计与软件应用结合的探讨

随着石化行业循环水系统的发展越来越趋向大型化,以及供水点要求条件的差异化．循环水管网的优化设计、循环水泵的正确选择乃至整个循环水系统设计的合理性应引起重视。结合工程实例,论述了软件在优化循环水管网设计以及指导循环水系统选泵方面的重要意义,达到了扫除设计盲点的目的,使设计更加准确、经济、合理。     

面向对象的炼油厂全厂调度优化模型及程序框架

基于考虑炼油装置优化操作模式切换过程的总体思想,构建了一套炼油厂全厂调度优化离散时间模型结构,并形成配套的程序框架。采用面向对象的建模方式,引入模态指示矩阵等表达,为炼油厂生产调度建模提供了较为清晰的参考思路。通过GAMS和MATLAB的数据交互,实现二者优势互补,为进一步研究炼油生产调度模型提供便利、奠定基础。案例研究验证了所提模型结构及程序框架的有效性。     

炼油企业全厂调度优化系统的设计与开发

生产调度优化对于炼油企业提高经济效益、增强市场响应速度有着重要的作用。本文设计并开发出一款图形化炼厂生产调度优化软件,采用MVC架构技术,实现了调度优化建模的图形化,可以方便组态炼油厂调度模型;将开源优化代码Coin-OR移植为调度优化软件的求解器,实现了求解器与图形化建模接口的连接;丰富的报表输出,让现场操作工可以各种形式获得调度优化结果;完善的内部模型数据管理和丰富的外部数据接口,包括原油性质指标库和原油评价数据库接口、成品油性质指标库等。仿真结果表明,该软件能够优化出符合炼厂生产实际的调度优化排产方案。     

灵活应用LP模型提高炼油厂设计水平

炼油厂设计水平的高低首先取决于总加工流程的选择是否优化合理。本文利用PIMS软件提供的模块化和开放性结构的建模环境,结合炼油工艺特点,根据设计需要灵活地构建了各种LP模型,用于炼油厂实际总加工流程的优化设计中。同时重点介绍了其在原油配置、重油加工路线选择和新工艺评估方面的应用成果,结果表明其对提高炼油厂的整体设计水平具有重要指导意义。     

多杂质体系间歇过程用水网络优化

对多杂质体系完全间歇过程用水网络优化进行了研究,建立了用水网络超结构和非线性规划数学模型,利用中间储罐跨越时间约束,设置用水过程流量上下限以加速收敛。首先确定关键杂质,并将关键杂质浓度最大的水源直接排往废水,获得简化的用水网络超结构;其次,运用GAMS求解,得到最小新鲜水量、废水量、中间储罐数目及优化的用水网络结构。实例研究证明本文提出的方法可行,并能以较少周期获得优化的网络结构,同时可以减少中间储罐数目。     

炼厂生产计划优化模型

This article addresses a production planning optimization problem of overall refinery. The authors formulated the optimization problem as mixed integer linear programming. The model considers the main factors for optimizing the production plan of overall refinery related to the use of run-modes of processing units. The aim of this planning is to decide which run-mode to use in each processing unit in each period of a given horizon, to satisfy the demand, such as the total cost of production and inventory is minimized. The resulting model can be regarded as a generalized lot-sizing problem where a run-mode can produce and consume more than one product. The resulting optimization problem is large-sized and NP-hard. The authors have proposed a column generation-based algorithm called branch-and-price （BP） for solving the interested optimization problem. The model and implementation of the algorithm are described in detail in this article. The computational results verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and the solution method.     

炼油污水A/O处理工艺模拟与优化

针对我国某炼油厂含油系列污水处理生化段缺氧/好氧(A/O)工艺,利用BioWin 5.0模拟软件,进行了模拟和优化。结果表明,校正后的模型能够较好地反映目前A/O工艺的运行状况。然后调节工艺参数对校正后的模型进行优化,结果表明:在优化后的运行条件下,出水COD几乎没有变化,TN去除率提高2.9%,曝气能耗下降了17.8%,节约了运行费用。     

分阶段线性规划法快速设计含有多种污染物的用水网络

针对含有多种污染物用水网络的设计问题,提出了一种新方法.该方法先基于各个用水过程的污染物最大出口浓度对过程排序,然后采用GAMS(general algebraic modeling system)语言建立线性规划模型,依次对序列中的每个过程的废水回用方案进行优化计算,以确定出其最小新鲜水用量和来自前驱的废水回用量.该方法虽然不能保证所得解的全局最优性,但它能快速地找到最优或近似最优解,而且方法简单.