基于流固耦合的错位桨搅拌假塑性流体动力学特性

基于ANSYS Workbench分析平台,采用双向流固耦合计算方法,对错位六弯叶搅拌器(6PBT)和六弯叶搅拌器(6BT)的动力学特征进行了对比分析,根据桨叶与流体之间相互耦合运动特性,探讨了宏观流场的结构和搅拌功耗特性,分析了桨叶的变形和等效应力分布,并对6PBT桨在静态和预应力状态下的模态进行了对比研究。结果表明:同6BT桨相比,6PBT桨叶端部变形量增加了8%,端部应力提高了61%,而根部应力降低了6.7%,应力沿径向呈均匀化分布,这表明错位桨对流体的作用力更大,能够更快地传递能量,同时桨叶强度也得到相应提高;6PBT桨的静模态与预应力模态振型分布一致,在施加预应力后模态频率无明显改变,说明桨叶流场的流固耦合作用和预应力对桨叶模态的影响不大;随转速的增大,6PBT桨的节能效果显现,体现出错位桨的优势。     

错位六弯叶桨在假塑性流体中的混沌搅拌特性

基于混沌混合理论,提出了一种错位叶片的结构形式,用来消除层流流场的混合隔离区.利用CFD的方法,对六弯叶涡轮(6BT)和错位六弯叶涡轮(6SBT)2种搅拌器在黄原胶水溶液中的流场变化进行研究,分析比较了2种搅拌器的流场结构、速度分布以及功率消耗的不同.结果表明,模拟计算得到的功率值与实验测量值吻合较好,6SBT桨在层流...     

双层桨搅拌假塑性流体混合特性的数值模拟

在直径为0.21 m的搅拌槽内,采用计算流体力学的方法,工作介质为质量分数1.0%的假塑性流体和1.5%的黄原胶水溶液,分别对错位六弯叶桨、六弯叶桨与45°三斜叶桨组成的双层桨混合性能进行了数值模拟,并做了对比分析,考察了层间距对搅拌流场的影响,探讨了不同形式的组合桨对混合特性的影响,确定了不同搅拌转速下较为适宜的层间距,并将错位六弯叶组合桨形式应用于FCC催化剂成胶搅拌过程。结果表明:在层流状态下,6PBT组合桨层间距为时可形成层间连接流,在过渡流区域时,层间距保持在左右比较适宜;6PBT组合桨在混合速率和混合效率方面都有一定优势。根据中试实验结果,催化剂颗粒耐磨损指数由2.6提高到了1.9,产品质量得到进一步提高,且节能在15%左右,因此是一种值得推广的双层组合搅拌器形式。     

刚柔组合搅拌桨强化流体混合的流固耦合行为

传统刚性搅拌桨通过对流体的剪切作用实现能量的传递,而刚柔组合搅拌桨可通过其多体运动行为强化能量传递。基于搅拌桨桨叶与流体之间的耦合运动作用,结合ANSYS Workbench仿真平台,采用双向流固耦合方法,模拟计算了刚性搅拌桨与刚柔组合搅拌桨桨叶的等效应力和总变形量,研究了流场的宏观结构;并通过测定混合时间和计算搅拌桨功耗对比分析了两种不同搅拌体系的混合行为。结果表明:刚柔组合搅拌桨使体系的混合时间缩短了近32%,搅拌桨功耗下降了7%,其桨叶尖端的变形量是刚性搅拌桨的10⁵倍,其应力比刚性搅拌桨增加了83%;与刚性搅拌桨相比,刚柔组合搅拌桨在流固耦合作用下对流体的作用力更大,能够更好地传递能量,增强流体运动,强化流体混合。     

错位六弯叶搅拌槽内假塑性流体的混合特性

在直径为0.21 m的搅拌槽内,使用FLUENT?软件对错位六弯叶桨的流动场及混合性能进行了数值模拟.工作介质分别选用牛顿流体(水)和假塑性流体1.0%(wt)黄原胶水溶液,计算采用标准κ-ε湍流模型,并将牛顿流体的速度场分布与粒子图像测速仪(PIV)实验结果进行了比较.通过与标准六弯叶桨进行对比分析,阐述了错位桨用于假塑性流体搅拌时在混合速率和混合效率方面的特性.结果表明:速度矢量的计算值与 PIV 实验数据吻合较好,湍流模型的计算结果可靠;混合过程与流场结构密切相关,监测点位置对浓度变化有较大影响.错位六弯叶桨的混合时间数明显小于标准六弯叶桨,混合速率更高,同时错位六弯叶桨的混合效率大大高于标准六弯叶桨,单位体积混合能只有标准六弯叶桨的52%,具有节能功效,体现出错位桨的优越性.     

搅拌桨组合数值模拟优化及在谷氨酰胺转胺酶发酵中的应用

搅拌是影响发酵过程的主要因素之一,组合不同类型搅拌桨、发挥其各自优势,势必能够优化搅拌性能、提高微生物发酵生产效率。本研究采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法,模拟六直叶涡轮桨（DT）和DT、DT和抛物线桨（BT6）、六斜叶桨（CM6）和DT以及CM6和BT6四种搅拌桨组合对流场和混合时间的影响。对模拟得到的混合时间进行实验验证。结果表明,最优组合为：上桨叶为CM6桨,下桨叶为BT6桨。吸水链霉菌WSH03-13产谷氨酰胺转胺酶（TG）的发酵实验结果表明：CM6和BT6桨组合可获得最高的谷氨酰胺转胺酶活性和生物量,分别为4.7U/mL和42.9g/L,较优化前（DT和DT桨）分别提高了53%和40.9%,说明优化后的搅拌桨组合更有利于微生物生长和发酵。研究结果为组合搅拌桨在微生物发酵过程中的应用提供了借鉴。     

自吸射流柔性搅拌桨振动特性

为了研究工况对新型自吸射流柔性搅拌桨的影响，运用实验和单向流固耦合数值模拟分析了装置的搅拌功耗、搅拌桨应力分布和振动特性。结果表明，相同工况下柔性Rushton搅拌桨的功率准数比自吸射流柔性搅拌桨高121.93%，并随Reynolds数的提高而减小。自吸射流柔性搅拌桨在支架与桨叶连接处应力最高，在本文研究范围内最大应力低于材料的许用应力。对自吸射流柔性搅拌桨在静模态和预应力模态下的固有频率和振型进行对比分析，两种模态前8阶为弯曲型，后4阶为扭变型；与静模态相比，预应力模态下固有频率和振型最大值的最大偏差分别为0.25%和27.56%。随着搅拌桨的转速和介质运动黏度提高，搅拌桨预应力模态固有频率增大，但同阶固有频率增长比变化较小。自吸射流柔性搅拌桨搅拌效率优势明显，本研究为多种工况下搅拌桨的强度和稳定性提供基础数据。     

错位刚柔桨强化搅拌槽内流体混合实验及数值模拟

为消除搅拌反应器中混合隔离区,对标准刚性桨（R-RT）、错位刚性桨（PR-RT）和错位刚柔桨（PRF-RT）三种桨叶体系的流体混沌特性参数、流场结构以及流体运动速度进行了探讨。采用Matlab软件编程计算最大Lyapunov指数（LLE）和多尺度熵（MSE）,通过计算流体力学研究了三种桨叶体系流场结构和流体运动速度的差异。实验及计算结果表明,错位刚柔桨通过柔性桨叶的随机扰动破坏了隔离区介稳态流场边界,较大程度地消除了混合隔离区。PRF-RT的LLE相比于R-RT和PR-RT分别提高了13.29%和7.25%,MSE也较PR-RT和R-RT大;PRF-RT增强了流场不稳定性,形成了不对称性流场结构,减少了隔离区分布范围;PRF-RT强化桨叶能量耗散,提高了搅拌槽底部、顶部液面以及搅拌槽壁区域流体运动速度,减小了流体混合时间。     

新型搅拌器结构设计及其关键参数对性能的影响

设计了一种新型带包圈型六叶平直叶桨式搅拌器,建立其结构和流场模型,利用数值模拟方法对搅拌容器内部的固-液两相流场进行模拟计算,通过分析液相速度矢量图和固含率云图,研究关键参数对新型搅拌器的性能影响.结果 表明:搅拌器包圈高度、搅拌转速、安装高度和桨叶直径对搅拌器的混合效果具有重要影响,在搅拌器选型和搅拌器工作时,选择合...     

双层桨搅拌槽内部流场的实验研究

运用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法对双层桨搅拌槽内部流场进行数值模拟。考察了流体在不同桨叶类型、不同桨叶间距对搅拌槽内宏观流动场的影响。研究发现：流体在桨叶间距为150 mm的双层桨内部流场流动效果好。在此间距的基础上得出流体在六圆盘上斜叶桨的搅拌槽内比六圆盘直叶桨搅拌槽内混合效果好。     

Study on gas-liquid flow characteristics in stirred tank with dual-impeller based on CFD-PBM coupled model

Study on gas-liquid flow in stirred tank with two combinations of dual-impeller (six-bent-bladed turbine(6BT)+six-inclined-blade down-pumping turbine (6ITD),the six-bent-bladed turbine (6BT)+six-inclined-blade up-pumping turbine (6ITU)) was conducted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and popula-tion balance model (PBM) (CFD-PBM) coupled model.The local bubble size was captured by particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement.The gas holdup,bubble size distribution and gas-liquid interfacial area were explored at different conditions through numerical simulation.The results showed that the 4 mm bubbles accounted for the largest proportion of 33％ at the gas flow rates Q =0.76 m3·h-1 and 22％ at Q =1.52 m3·h-1 for combined impeller of 6BT + 6ITU,while the bubbles of 4.7 mm and 5.5 mm were the largest proportion for 6BT + 6ITD combination,i.e.25％ at Q =0.76 m3·h-1 and 22％ at Q =1.52 m3·h-1,respectively,which indicated that 6BT + 6ITU could reduce bubble size effectively and promote gas dispersion.In addition,the gas holdup around impellers was increased obviously with the speed compared with gas flow rate.So it was concluded that 6ITU impeller could be more conductive to the bubble dispersion with more uniform bubble size,which embodied the advantages of 6BT + 6ITU combination in gas-liquid mixing.     

流体流变性对错位六弯叶桨流场特性的影响

利用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法,以高黏牛顿流体和假塑性非牛顿流体为研究对象,对错位六弯叶桨在层流域的搅拌流场特性进行了研究。结果表明:数值计算得到的功率值与实验测量值吻合较好,搅拌雷诺数对假塑性流体搅拌流场的量纲一速度和切应变速率影响较大,因此提高转速对改变流场的速度及切应变速率分布是一个有效的办法;而流体的流变性只对假塑性流体的量纲一速度有明显影响,对切应变速率影响较小,当流变指数n<0.3时与n基本无关。当流动由层流向过渡流转变时,搅拌桨的流量准数及泵送效率有显著提高;假塑性流体的流变指数降低时,其泵送效率显著下降。研究进一步认识了错位桨在不同流体中的搅拌流场特点,为高黏假塑性流体搅拌桨的设计、应用以及开发新型搅拌桨提供了参考。     

Cavern Boundary Determination with Pseudoplastic Fluid Based on the Apparent Viscosity Method

The cavern characteristics of xanthan gum solutions stirred by impellers of a perturbed six-bent-bladed turbine (6PBT) were investigated numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with laminar flow model. The apparent viscosity method was proposed to determine the boundary of the cavern. The cavern sizes predicted by apparent viscosity were in good agreement with the calculated results, and this method was not influenced by speed and impeller configuration. However, the predicted results of the cavern by the traditional speed method usually displayed a great deviation, especially at high speed. Therefore, it is feasible to determine the cavern boundary with the apparent viscosity, i.e., 0.25 times the yield viscosity of a pseudoplastic fluid, as the unified standard.     

THE GROWTH OF CAVERNS FORMED AROUND ROTATING IMPELLERS DURING THE MIXING OF A YIELD STRESS FLUID

The growth of caverns, formed around rotating impellers in a yield stress fluid during mixing in a stirred vessel, has been studied by observing impeller speeds at which fluid motion was first observed at the vessel's wall and base, and at the free liquid surface. The effect of impeller geometry has been studied with a disk turbine (DT), a two bladed paddle (2BP), a pitched blade turbine (PBT) and a marine propeller (MP).

The presence of four baffles (10%) was found to increase the impeller speed at which the cavern reaches the vessel wall by 9% on average over that observed without baffles. After the cavern has reached the vessel walls, impeller type had a small effect upon the vertical expansion of the cavern with increasing impeller speed. Radial flow impellers (DT and 2BP), on average, performed better than an axial flow impeller (MP), with a mixed flow impeller (PBT) in between. Baffles significantly reduce the rate of this vertical expansion of the cavern. Clearance of the impeller from the vessel base had little effect upon the growth of the cavern above the impeller.     

THE GROWTH OF CAVERNS FORMED AROUND ROTATING IMPELLERS DURING THE MIXING OF A YIELD STRESS FLUID

The growth of caverns, formed around rotating impellers in a yield stress fluid during mixing in a stirred vessel, has been studied by observing impeller speeds at which fluid motion was first observed at the vessel's wall and base, and at the free liquid surface. The effect of impeller geometry has been studied with a disk turbine (DT), a two bladed paddle (2BP), a pitched blade turbine (PBT) and a marine propeller (MP).

The presence of four baffles (10%) was found to increase the impeller speed at which the cavern reaches the vessel wall by 9% on average over that observed without baffles. After the cavern has reached the vessel walls, impeller type had a small effect upon the vertical expansion of the cavern with increasing impeller speed. Radial flow impellers (DT and 2BP), on average, performed better than an axial flow impeller (MP), with a mixed flow impeller (PBT) in between. Baffles significantly reduce the rate of this vertical expansion of the cavern. Clearance of the impeller from the vessel base had little effect upon the growth of the cavern above the impeller.     

Synergistic and interference effects in coaxial mixers: Numerical analysis of the power consumption

This paper is concerned with the design and application of coaxial mixers with the aid of analysis of interaction between each individual impeller.Two types of coaxial mixers pitched blade turbine (PBT)-helical ribbon (HR) and inner-outer HR operated in laminar regime were studied experimentally and numerically.The interaction implies synergistic and interference effects,which was revealed through the investigation of axial circulation rate,energy dissipation rate and power consumption.The influence factors including rotational speed ratio,rotating mode and impeller configuration were explored systematically.Quantitative analysis of power consumption involves three parameters:rate of variation in power consumption,interactive mode and ratio of power consumption.Analysis indicated that some important properties were embodied in the power curve.These properties are one-way and two-way interactions,critical speed ratio and dominant impeller.Finally,a new suggestion for power estimation was given.     

柔性Rushton搅拌桨的功耗与流场特性研究

基于传统的Rushton桨,开发了一种柔性叶片Rushton搅拌桨。采用数值模拟方法研究了柔性桨的功耗及层流和湍流流场特性,并分别采用扭矩测量法和粒子图像测速法进行了实验验证。结果表明,对于实验规模的搅拌容器,当介质黏度与甘油接近时,可用橡胶作为柔性桨叶制作材料。Reynolds数≤100时,柔性桨的功耗大于刚性桨;Reynolds数大于该值后,柔性桨的功耗小于刚性桨。柔性桨叶对被搅拌流体具有自适应特性,流固耦合作用下产生的变形增加了流体的径向流动能力。搅拌低黏度流体时,柔性桨能提升近桨区流体的速度,增加桨叶远端流体的循环流动能力;搅拌高黏度流体时,近桨区和桨叶远端流体的速度均大于刚性桨。就尾涡而言,柔性桨产生的涡量较小,耗能少。     

CFD simulation and PIV measurement of the flow field generated by modified pitched blade turbine impellers

The hydrodynamics generated by modified pitched blade turbine (m-PBT) impellers with down-pumping mode were systematically investigated through particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and computational fluid dynamics simulations. The simulated mean axial velocity, mean radial velocity, and turbulent kinetic energy by the standard k–? turbulent model were validated against the measured PIV data. This shows that the standard k–? turbulent model predicts mean velocity well, but underestimates turbulent kinetic energy near the blade. The flow field and power consumption as well as pumping number for the m-PBT and the standard PBT impeller were predicted. The simulation results demonstrate that a few simple changes of the blade shape influence the velocity distribution, i.e., increasing the magnitude of mean velocity in the vicinity of impeller, and that the m-PBT impeller has a higher pumping efficiency than the standard one.