碱处理改性对Zn/HZSM-5分子筛催化剂性能的影响

以不同浓度的NaOH溶液对HZSM-5分子筛进行碱处理改性后所得多级孔ZSM-5分子筛作为活性组分制备甲醇制芳烃催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、NH3-TPD和N2吸-脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征,分别考察了碱处理改性对分子筛催化剂骨架结构、酸性质、孔结构以及催化性能的影响.结果表明,通过合适浓度的NaOH碱溶液处理后,HZSM-5分子筛在保持微孔骨架结构的同时,可以调变其晶内介孔孔道结构分布以及酸性质.随着NaOH碱溶液浓度升高,HZSM-5分子筛的酸量、介孔孔容、介孔表面积都增加、孔容分布变宽,催化剂的活性和稳定性等催化性能得以改善.HZSM-5分子筛碱处理改性适宜的NaOH溶液浓度为0.4 mol/L,改性后的催化剂芳烃收率由25.07％增加到32.22％,使用寿命由8d增加到16d,但NaOH溶液浓度超过0.6 mol/L后会严重破坏HZSM-5分子筛骨架结构,催化活性下降较快.     

稀土改性HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯

采用浸渍法制备La、Ce、Sm、Eu等稀土（RE）金属改性的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂（RE/HZSM-5）,考察它们在乙醇脱水制乙烯反应中的催化性能.通过X射线衍射（XRD）、N2吸附-脱附（BET）和氨程序升温脱附（NH3-TPD）等手段对其物化性能进行表征,并讨论反应温度对La/HZSM-5催化性能的影响.结果表明：少量稀土引入不破坏HZSM-5分子筛的骨架结构,只对表面酸性产生了较大的影响;表面酸量决定RE/HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯的性能,酸量的增大有利于乙醇转化率的提高;在不同稀土改性的催化剂中,2%La/HZSM-5的催化性能最佳,在反应温度240℃、55%原料乙醇、进料质量空速（WHSV）2.5h^-1的条件下,乙醇转化率和乙烯选择性分别达到99.3%和98.6%.     

碱处理ZSM-5分子筛催化乙醇制丙烯性能

为了提高分子筛催化乙醇制丙烯的性能,使用Na OH溶液对ZSM-5分子筛进行改性处理,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、N2吸脱附和程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等方法对分子筛进行了表征。考察了碱处理时间对分子筛的结构、形貌以及酸性的影响,并将碱处理ZSM-5分子筛用于乙醇制取丙烯催化反应。结果表明:经过0.2 mol/L Na OH溶液处理120 min后,ZSM-5分子筛产生了一定量的介孔,但仍然保持晶体结构(MFI)的微孔骨架结构,分子筛表面酸性稍微降低。在500℃时该催化剂上乙醇转化为丙烯的收率比未经碱处理的ZSM-5有所提高,从22.8%提高到28.8%。ZSM-5分子筛表面酸性的微调和形成的有助于产物扩散的介孔结构,改善了分子筛催化乙醇转化丙烯的催化性能。     

Zn与Mn复合改性HZSM-5催化低浓度乙醇脱水制乙烯

对浸渍法锌锰复合改性HZSM-5分子筛用于催化低浓度乙醇脱水制备乙烯进行了研究. 探讨了改性溶液类型、HZSM-5原粉硅/铝比和改性条件(改性溶液浓度、浸渍时间、浸渍温度、焙烧温度)对Zn/Mn/ZSM-5催化乙醇脱水效果的影响,通过XRD、孔体积与比表面积、微观形貌分析等方法对改性前后的HZSM-5进行了表征. 结果表明,当HZSM-5原粉硅/铝比为25,改性温度为40℃, Zn(NO3)2和MnCl2浓度分别为2%和6%条件下改性1 h,再于550℃焙烧获得的分子筛催化效果最好,乙醇转化率和乙烯选择性分别达到99%和92%以上. 表征结果表明,Zn2+和Mn2+进入了分子筛骨架中,分子筛能很好地保持原有的结构,并且B酸中心量减少,L酸中心量增多,这有利于乙醇催化脱水制乙烯.     

分子筛改性研究综述

综述了国内外分子筛的主要改性方法,阐述了脱铝改性、脱硅改性和金属改性的特点。脱铝改性主要有水蒸气改性法和酸处理改性法,相比于水蒸气处理分子筛需要大量的能量且难以掌握脱铝程度,酸处理脱铝以能耗低、环保、脱铝程度易控制的优势更加适用于低硅铝比分子筛脱铝,微波处理可以大幅缩短酸处理的时间。采用碱处理脱硅制备的介孔-微孔分子筛,结合了微孔的催化性能、择形选择性和介孔的优异扩散性能,提高了分子筛的综合价值。金属改性能在不改变分子筛结构的基础上,有效的提高目的产物的收率与选择性,延长分子筛的寿命。在总结目前分子筛改性研究进展的基础上,提出随着分子筛催化剂生产的产业化,应研究更适合大规模生产的改性条件。     

碱处理制备介孔-微孔沸石分子筛的影响因素及其应用研究进展

综述了碱处理制备介孔-微孔沸石分子筛的影响因素,包括碱处理条件、沸石分子筛硅铝比和模板剂对碱处理脱硅形成介孔的影响。评述了碱处理所制备介孔-微孔沸石分子筛在应用方面所取得的进展,重点介绍了它们在烷基化、异构化、裂化和醇烃化等催化反应中的应用。通过碱处理引入介孔可极大地缩短分子在沸石微孔道中的扩散距离,从而增强表观催化反应活性及提高催化剂的稳定性。提出了今后研究的重点为：阐明碱处理引入介孔的形成机理和碱处理对分子筛骨架结构、酸性的影响,拓展碱处理制备介孔-微孔沸石分子筛的应用 范围。     

多级孔HZSM-5分子筛的制备及其催化丙烷脱氢反应性能

以十八水合硫酸铝、硅溶胶、四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)、硝酸铵(NH_4NO_3)为原料,合成硅铝物质的量比为100的HZSM-5分子筛。采用乙酸钠溶液处理HZSM-5分子筛后加入TPAOH溶液进行二次晶化,通过对处理前、后的HZSM-5分子筛负载Pt,制得Pt/HZSM-5催化剂用于丙烷脱氢反应。利用XRD、SEM、XRF、BET、NH_3-TPD和H_2化学吸附对处理前、后的HZSM-5分子筛进行了表征,考察了不同浓度的TPAOH溶液对HZSM-5分子筛的晶体结构、表面形貌、孔结构、表面酸性及丙烷脱氢性能的影响。结果表明,采用乙酸钠溶液处理后的HZSM-5分子筛在TPAOH溶液中发生了二次晶化,不仅形成了微孔-介孔多级孔结构,还能调变分子筛的表面酸性;当TPAOH溶液浓度为0.3 mol/L、晶化温度为170℃、晶化时间为24 h时,得到的Pt/HZSM-5催化丙烷的初始转化率和丙烯选择性均达到最高值,分别为34.2%和99.0%。     

SAPO-11/HZSM-5对乙醇脱水制乙烯反应的催化性能

测定HZSM-5与SAPO-11复合催化剂(SAPO-11/HZSM-5)对乙醇脱水制乙烯反应的催化性能,考察反应工艺条件;对比HZSM-5、SAPO-11和SAPO-11/HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯反应性能;分析三种催化剂表面酸量及酸强度,以及对反应产物组成的影响。结果表明:SAPO-11/HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯反应的适宜条件为:压力0.1 MPa,温度240℃,空速1.2 h-1,乙醇浓度99.7%;乙醇转化率、乙烯选择性分别为99.19%和98.77%;气相产物中乙烯含量达到98.92%,C3、C4组分含量分别为0.37%和0.40%,未检测到C5以上组分。SAPO-11/HZSM-5催化乙醇脱水制乙烯反应温度比HZSM-5、SAPO-11低60℃。适度增加催化剂表面弱酸量及强度,并使其具有相当比例的强酸量,有利于提高乙醇脱水制乙烯反应活性和乙烯选择性。     

ZSM-5分子筛酸性能和孔结构的协同作用对C5烯烃催化裂解性能的影响

采用不同浓度碱液处理制备了具有不同酸性质的多级孔HZSM-5分子筛，并考察其酸性能与孔结构变化对催化裂化(FCC)汽油中C₅烯烃催化裂解性能的影响。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附脱附、氨气程序升温脱附技术(NH₃-TPD)、吡啶红外(Py-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)等表征手段研究了HZSM-5分子筛的结构、形貌、酸性质和孔道性能。研究结果表明，适宜浓度的碱液处理可以提高HZSM-5分子筛的强Br?nsted (B酸)酸量和介孔体积，显著提高C₅烯烃转化率和乙烯、丙烯的收率。当碱液浓度为0.2 mol·L^-1,HZSM-5分子筛强B酸中心和介孔体积之间的协同作用促进了C₅烯烃的高效转化，转化率为84.8%(质量分数)，乙丙烯总收率为86.0%(质量分数)，分别比未处理的HZSM-5分子筛增加4.4%和15.5%。     

高温水蒸汽处理对HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯的影响

考察不同硅铝比的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂和经过高温水蒸汽处理后的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂在甲醇制丙烯反应中的催化性能,考察温度和空速对催化反应的影响。结果表明,随着HZSM-5分子筛硅铝比的增加,产物中丙烯选择性增大,可能是分子筛的酸性降低所致;经过高温水蒸汽处理后的HZSM-5分子筛表面酸性降低,提高了催化剂的催化性能。在反应温度450 ℃和空速1.0 h^-1条件下,600 ℃高温水蒸汽处理后的催化剂HT-600的丙烯选择性从改性前的26.8%提高到33.5%。     

Creating Mesopores in ZSM-5 Zeolite by Alkali Treatment: A New Way to Enhance the Catalytic Performance of Methane Dehydroaromatization on Mo/HZSM-5 Catalysts

Well-controlled treatment with alkali solution causes the etching of HZSM-5 framework, which results in the formation of the new porosity and channel structure with the coexistence of micropores and mesopores, as evidenced by nitrogen adsorption experiments. The dissolution of the zeolite framework, as revealed by the investigation of solid-state NMR, begins from the crystalline site with Si–O–Si linkages. The inertness of the alkali treatment toward Si–O–Al bond in the framework preserves the specific Brønsted acid site that is defined to be the bridging OH species over Si–O–Al units in zeolite. The Mo-modified catalysts derived from the alkali treatments showed a very high catalytic performance in the conversion of methane to aromatics (MDA) when compared with the conventional Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst. The unique selectivity to aromatics and stability of the catalysts derived from the alkali-treated ZSM-5 are attributed to the coexistence of mesopores and inherent micropores in the zeolites, which optimizes an environment for catalytic reaction and mass transfers. The channel with mainly 3–5?nm in diameters in the zeolites serves as the “aisle” to enhance the diffusion of molecules, especially the aromatics molecules, while the micropores have been identified to be the active cavities for the aromatics formation.     

沸石的碱溶液处理改性

与沸石的酸处理脱铝改性相类似，沸石的碱溶液处理也是一种沸石改性的方法。通过优先提取沸石中的硅物种，沸石的碱溶液处理改性能降低沸石的硅铝比，从而改变与沸石硅铝比相关的性能，如阳离子交换能力和催化活性。此外，采用低浓度的碱液处理沸石还可以制造出孔径规整的介孔，而不会改变沸石的微孔结构，还可以将碱金属阳离子引入到沸石中，从而得到固体碱沸石催化剂。因此，详细研究沸石的碱溶液处理改性，将为人们提供更多的沸石后处理改性的选择。     

Realumination of dealuminated HZSM-5 zeolite by citric acid treatment and its application in preparing FCC gasoline hydro-upgrading catalyst

This article describes a novel citric acid treatment method for realuminating dealuminated HZSM-5 zeolite and its application in enhancing the performance of the zeolite derived FCC gasoline hydro-upgrading catalysts. A series of modified HZSM-5 zeolites were prepared by streaming and/or acid treatments and the influences of the different modification methods on the acidity, pore structure and catalytic performance of the modified HZSM-5 zeolite supported catalysts were compared in the present investigation. The results showed that compared with the single HCl or citric acid treatment, the steaming treatment, and the steaming/HCl treatments, the citric acid treatment after steaming exclusively increased the amount of framework Al species due to its realumination effect on the steamed HZSM-5 zeolite. This realumination effect of the citric acid treatment could optimize the ratio of framework Al to extra-framework Al in the steamed HZSM-5 zeolite and thus greatly improve the acidity distribution and pore structure of the corresponding catalyst. The catalytic performance assessments of the different zeolite supported catalysts for FCC gasoline hydro-upgrading revealed that the catalyst supported on the steaming/citric acid treated HZSM-5 zeolite had balanced initial and long-term activities in hydrodesulfurization, hydroisomerization and aromatization, high liquid yield and improved gasoline road octane number. The superior catalytic performance of the catalyst could be closely related to its suitable ratio of framework Al to extra-framework Al achieved by the combinational use of the steaming dealumination and the citric acid realumination, fully demonstrating the effectiveness of the steaming and citric acid treatments in optimizing the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of HZSM-5 zeolite supported catalysts.     

The effect of hierarchical single-crystal ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios on its pore structure and catalytic performance

Hierarchical single-crystal ZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios(Hier-ZSM-5-x,where x=50,100,150 and 200)were synthesized using an ordered mesoporous carbon-silica composite as hard template.Hier-ZSM-5-x exhibits improved mass transport properties,excellent mechanical and hydrothermal stability,and higher catalytic activity than commercial bulk zeolites in the benzyl alcohol self-etherification reaction.Results show that a decrease in the Si/Al ratio in hierarchical single-crystal ZSM-5 zeolites leads to a significant increase in the acidity and the density of micropores,which increases the final catalytic conversion.The effect of porous hierarchy on the diffusion of active sites and the final catalytic activity was also studied by comparing the catalytic conversion after selectively designed poisoned acid sites.These poisoned Hier-ZSM-5-x shows much higher catalytic conversion than the poisoned commercial ZSM-5 zeolite,which indicates that the numerous intracrystalline mesopores significantly reduce the diffusion path of the reactant,leading to the faster diffusion inside the zeolite to contact with the acid sites in the micropores predominating in ZSM-5 zeolites.This study can be extended to develop a series of hierarchical single-crystal zeolites with expected catalytic performance.     

A novel method for enhancing on-stream stability of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline hydro-upgrading catalyst: Post-treatment of HZSM-5 zeolite by combined steaming and citric acid leaching

This article describes a novel modification method consisting of steaming and subsequent citric acid leaching to finely tune acidity and pore structure of HZSM-5 zeolite and thereby to enhance the on-stream stability of the zeolite derived fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline hydro-upgrading catalyst. A series of dealuminated HZSM-5 zeolites and their derived catalysts were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), ²⁷Al MAS NMR, nitrogen adsorption, temperature programmed desorption of ammonium (NH₃-TPD) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy of chemisorbed pyridine. The results showed that the citric acid leaching could preferentially remove the extra-framework Al (EFAl) species formed by steaming treatment and thus reopen the EFAl-blocked pore channels of the steamed zeolite. The steaming treatment at a suitable temperature and subsequent citric acid leaching not only decreased the strength of acid sites to a desirable degree but also increased the ratio of medium and strong Lewis acidity to medium and strong Brönsted acidity, both of which conferred the resulting catalyst with superior selectivity to aromatics, good hydroisomerization activity and gasoline research octane number (RON) preservability, as well as enhanced on-stream stability. The results fully demonstrated that the treatments by steaming and followed citric acid leaching can serve as an important method for adjusting the physicochemical properties of HZSM-5 zeolite.     

Influence of the post-treatment of HZSM-5 zeolite on catalytic performance for alkylation of benzene with methanol

The porous material HZSM-5 zeolite with micro-mesopore hierarchical porosity was prepared by post-treatment (combined alkali treatment and acid leaching)of parent zeolite and its catalytic performance for benzene alkyl-ation with methanol was investigated.The effect of post-treatment on the textural properties was characterized by various techniques(including ICP-AES,XRD,nitrogen sorption isotherms,SEM,NH3-TPD,Py-IR and TG).The results indicated that the post-treatment could modify the structural and acidic properties of HZSM-5 zeolite.In this procedure,not only additional mesopores were created by selective extraction of silicon but also the acidity was tuned.Consequently,the modified HZSM-5 zeolite showed larger external surface area with less acid sites as compared to the parent zeolite.It was found out that the modified zeolite exhibited a higher benzene conversion and xylene selectivity for alkylation of benzene with methanol as well as excellent life span of the catalyst than conventional ones.This can be explained by the facts that the presence of additional mesopores improved the diffusion property in the reactions.Furthermore,the modified zeolite showed an appropriate Br?nsted acidity for effective suppression of the side reaction of methanol to olefins,thus reduced the accumulation of coke on the HZSM-5 zeolite,which was favorable for the catalyst stability.In comparison with the parent HZSM-5 zeolite, the modified zeolite by alkali treatment and acid leaching showed better performance for the benzene alkylation with methanol.     

Preparation and characterization of zeolite catalysts for etherification reaction

Catalytic etherification of 2-naphthol with ethanol has been carried out over a series of solid-acid catalysts such as H-Beta, H-MOR and H-ZSM-5 using a flow-type reactor. H-Beta zeolite shows higher conversion and catalytic stability than other catalysts for the production of 2-naphthyl ethyl ether, which may be correlated to the amount and strength of acid sites. H-Beta zeolites with different Si/Al ratios show that conversion decreases with increasing Si/Al ratios. The NH₃-TPD profiles indicate that the weak acidity decreases more sharply with increase in Si/Al ratios, compared with the strong acidity. The influences of ethanol/2-naphthol molar ratios, reaction temperature, and space velocity with respect to catalytic activities are investigated for H-Beta zeolite in the present work.