未来低轨信息网络发展与架构展望

近年来,伴随着运载、卫星、通信、网络、智能等技术的发展,天基网络形态正在发生质的变化。低轨(LEO)星座网络已经成为众多应用场景、业务承载需求的新选项,有向着全球覆盖、天地一体、多业务承载、持续演进、安全可控的天基通用信息网络基础设施发展的趋势,而这样的愿景对未来低轨星座网络架构提出了更高的要求。该文首先从空间网络、先进卫星以及天地网络融合3方面技术领域对近年来低轨星座网络相关技术的发展现状进行了概述,并对低轨星座网络发展的愿景与趋势进行了分析研判。在此基础上,该文提出基于软件定义(SDN)和网络功能虚拟化(NFV)的全云化卫星-5G融合网络架构,使网络具备架构可编程、网络功能抽象解耦以及去中心化的核心优势,辅以意图驱动网络等智能网络运行管理方法,实现网络的多业务承载、持续演进、自动化管理等能力。最后,该文对需重点关注的技术方向进行了展望。     

Cooperative Communications in Resource-Constrained Wireless Networks

Cooperative communications have been proposed to exploit the spatial diversity gains inherent in multiuser wireless systems without the need of multiple antennas at each node. This is achieved by having the users relay each others messages and thus forming multiple transmission paths to the destination. In resource constrained networks, such as wireless sensor networks, the advantages of cooperation can be further exploited by optimally allocating the energy and bandwidth resources among users based on the available channel state information (CSI) at each node. In the first part of this article, we provide a tutorial survey on various power allocation strategies for cooperative networks based on different cooperation strategies, optimizing criteria, and CSI assumptions. In the second part, we identify the similarities between cooperative networks and several sensor network applications that utilize collaboration among distributed sensors to achieve the system goal. These applications include decentralized detection/estimation and data gathering. The techniques developed in cooperative communications can be used to solve many sensor network problems     

天基信息网络的软件定义网络应用探析

现有各种空间、地面网络节点的互连互通,在一定程度上可满足特定应用需求,但由于各节点在空间、物理以及功能的局限,限制了天基信息高效传输、融合以及按需地应用。分析了天基信息网络的发展趋势,提出了网络架构构想,并对主要关键技术的研究方向进行了梳理。在空间核心节点上采用软件定义的多功能载荷平台,并基于软件定义网络( SDN)架构和空间容中断网络协议构建天基信息网络。通过资源虚拟化、处理多元化、应用无阻化的方式,保障天基信息网络适应信息按需定制和高效共享等应用需求。     

Ad hoc网络中基于Agent的QoS模型研究

随着网络应用需求的不断增加，网络提供的可用资源也变得越来越复杂，因此对于网络资源的定位与发现工作也显得越来越重要，目前已有多种方法被提出并被讨论过，这些方法在固定式网络中使用效果较好，而对于应用日益普及的Ad hoc网络来说并不适用，本文就Ad hoc网络中的资源发现与获取方法提出了一种新的、基于Agent的模型，在模型中提出了QoS信息路径的产生与管理方法。     

天基综合信息网的体系结构模型

文章在阐述天基综合信息网基本概念和技术原理的基础上，通过引入一个网络系统模型，探索天基综合信息网的体系结构和功能实现方法，并分析了目前在我国建设天基综合信息网的可能性、现实性和必要性。     

An efficient and fair cooperative approach for resource management in wireless networks

In cellular networks, the implementation of various resource management processes, such as bandwidth reservation and location updates, has been based on the one‐to‐one resource management information exchange paradigm, between the mobile nodes and the base stations. In this paper, we design and demonstrate the use of a distributed cooperative scheme that can be applied in the future wireless networks to improve the energy consumption for the routine management processes of mobile terminals, by adopting the peer‐to‐peer communication concept of wireless ad hoc networks. In our approach, the network is subdivided into one‐hop ad hoc clusters where the members of each cluster cooperate to perform the required management functions, and conventional individual direct report transmissions of the mobile terminals to the base stations are replaced by two‐hop transmissions. The performance evaluation and the corresponding numerical results presented in this paper confirm that our proposed scheme reduces significantly the overall system energy consumption when compared with the conventional one‐to‐one direct information management exchange approach. Furthermore the issue of fairness in dynamically selecting the various cluster heads in successive operational cycles of the proposed scheme is analyzed, and an enhanced algorithm is proposed and evaluated, which improves significantly the cluster head selection fairness, in order to balance the energy consumption among the various mobile terminals. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于GIS的光纤光路资源管理系统研究

光纤光路资源管理是电信网络资源管理的核心,实现光纤光路资源的科学管理是现代通信网络建设的趋势.基于优秀的国产地理信息系统(GIS)平台--MAPGIS设计的光纤光路资源管理系统,有效结合了光纤光路的空间分布特点和地理信息系统在空间信息表达上的优势,不仅实现了对光纤光路的空间及属性数据的动态管理,还可支持图形化的光纤光路配置,便于光纤网络规划和维护,极大地提高了光纤光路资源管理效率.     

Lifetime maximization via cooperative nodes and relay deployment in wireless networks

Extending lifetime of battery-operated devices is a key design issue that allows uninterrupted information exchange among distributed nodes in wireless networks. Cooperative communications has recently emerged as a new communication paradigm that enables and leverages effective resource sharing among cooperative nodes. In this paper, a general framework for lifetime extension of battery-operated devices by exploiting cooperative diversity is proposed. The framework efficiently takes advantage of different locations and energy levels among distributed nodes. First, a lifetime maximization problem via cooperative nodes is considered and performance analysis for M-ary PSK modulation is provided. With an objective to maximize the minimum device lifetime under a constraint on bit-error-rate performance, the optimization problem determines which nodes should cooperate and how much power should be allocated for cooperation. Since the formulated problem is NP hard, a closed-form solution for a two-node network is derived to obtain some insights. Based on the two-node solution, a fast suboptimal algorithm is developed for multi-node scenarios. Moreover, the device lifetime is further improved by a deployment of cooperative relays in order to help forward information of the distributed nodes in the network. Optimum location and power allocation for each cooperative relay are determined with an aim to maximize the minimum device lifetime. A suboptimal algorithm is developed to solve the problem with multiple cooperative relays and cooperative nodes. Simulation results show that the minimum device lifetime of the network with cooperative nodes improves 2 times longer than the lifetime of the non-cooperative network. In addition, deploying a cooperative relay in a proper location leads up to 12 times longer lifetime than that of the non-cooperative network     

Cooperation-based resource allocation and call admission for?wireless network operators

The increasing number of radio access technologies and the availability of multi-radio devices boost the need for novel resource allocation schemes in cellular networks. This paper uses a cooperative game theoretic approach for resource allocation at the network level, while utilizing simultaneous use of available radio interfaces at the device level. We model resource allocation management using the well known bankruptcy model and apply Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining solution method to find a distribution rule, based on which we propose resource allocation and call admission control schemes. Performance analysis of our allocation and control schemes demonstrates significant improvements over previous approaches in terms of utilization of the available bandwidth and the number of call drops. We also study the performance of proposed approach for different operator policies.     

分布式协作通信网络中的MAC层协议

分布式协作网络通过节点间的相互合作来达到网络资源的共享,然而如何设计高效的媒体访问控制（MAC）层协议是分布式协作通信网络中的核心问题之一。文章基于MAC层协作的动机,探讨了分布式协作网络中MAC层协议设计所面临的问题和挑战,基于近年来涌现的典型协作MAC协议和协议性能的分析,得出结论：只有全面考虑分布式网络的特点和需求,合理地设计协议的各个环节,才能使协同通信技术在分布式网络中得到更好应用。     

异构认知网络环境下的动态分级资源管理方法

针对异构认知网络中的资源管理问题,提出了基于认知的动态分级资源管理方法(DHRM)。根据不同时间尺度,引入小波神经网络、基于维纳过程的预测方法和增强学习算法获得业务分布变化、切换呼叫资源需求量以及用户喜好等信息,从而动态调配异构多网络各级可用资源。在资源合理分配基础上,根据各网络实时状态以及用户喜好,通过多属性决策算法动态地将业务流分配到最佳接入网络中。仿真结果表明,DHRM相对于网间静态资源管理方法系统容量提高了约20%。     

NOMA-MEC系统中基于改进遗传算法的协作式计算卸载与资源管理

为平衡网络负载与充分利用网络资源,针对超密集异构的多用户和多任务边缘计算网络,在用户时延约束下,该文构造了协作式计算任务卸载与无线资源管理的联合优化问题以最小化系统能耗。问题建模时,为应对基站超密集部署导致的严重干扰问题,该文采用了频带划分机制,并引入了非正交多址技术(NOMA)以提升上行频谱利用率。鉴于该目标优化问题具备非线性混合整数的形式,根据多样性引导变异的自适应遗传算法(AGADGM),设计出了协作式计算卸载与资源分配算法。仿真结果表明,在严格满足时延约束条件下,该算法能获取较其他算法更低的系统能耗。     

天基测控网与天基综合信息网相关技术述评

天基测控系统和天基综合信息将是我国重要的航天基础设施，许多工作处于研究阶段。本文对天基测控系统、天基综合信息网的相关技术以及空间数据传输标准进行了论述。     

Effect of mobile terminal heterogeneity on call blocking/dropping probability in cooperative heterogeneous cellular networks

It is envisaged that next generation wireless networks (NGWN) will be heterogeneous, consisting of multiple radio access technologies (RATs) coexisting in the same geographical area. In these heterogeneous wireless networks, mobile terminals of different capabilities (heterogeneous terminals) will be used by subscribers to access network services. We investigate the effect of using heterogeneous mobile terminals (e.g. single-mode, dual-mode, triple-mode, etc.) on call blocking and call dropping probabilities in cooperative heterogeneous wireless networks. We develop analytical models for heterogeneous mobile terminals and joint radio resource management in heterogeneous wireless networks. Using a two-class three-RAT heterogeneous wireless network as an example, the effect of using heterogeneous terminals in the network is evaluated. Results show the overall call blocking/dropping probability experienced by subscribers in heterogeneous wireless networks depends on the capabilities of mobile terminals used by the subscribers. In the worst case scenario, when all subscribers use single-mode mobile terminals, each subscriber is confined to a single RAT and consequently, joint radio resource management in heterogeneous wireless network has no improvement on new call blocking and handoff call dropping probabilities. However, in the best case scenario, when all subscribers use three-mode terminals, new class-1 call blocking probability decreases from 0.37 (for 100% single-mode terminals) to 0.05, at the arrival rate of 6 calls per minute. New class-2 call blocking probability also decreases from 0.8 to 0.52. Similarly, handoff class-1 call dropping probability decreases from 0.14 to 0.003, and handoff class-2 call dropping probability decreases from 0.44 to 0.09.     

A Survey of Cooperative Games for Cognitive Radio Networks

Cooperative cognitive radio networks are new cognitive radio paradigm. Cooperative communication approaches, such as cooperative spectrum sensing and cooperative spectrum sharing, are playing key roles in the development of cognitive radio networks. To achieve the high performance, a cooperative cognitive communication framework is often used to model various cooperative spectrum sensing or sharing scenarios. However, its implementation faces numerous challenges due to the complexity of mobility and traffic models, the needs of dynamic spectrum access, the heterogeneous requirements from different users, and the distributed structure of the network. Fortunately, cooperative game theory can be used to formulate and model the interactions among licensed and unlicensed users for spectrum sensing and spectrum sharing to efficiently allocate spectrum resource in the highly dynamic and distributed radio environment. In this paper, we first present the cooperative communication technologies and describe their existing challenges, then introduce different game solutions, after that, we discuss several cooperative game strategies, and analyze the associated their applications in cognitive radio networks, at final, some open directions for future research on economic strategies in cooperative communication in cognitive radio networks are proposed.     

Optimized BS assignment and resource allocation in cooperative OFDM networks

Cooperative transmission (CT) and orthogonal frequency division multiple (OFDM) are promising technologies for extending coverage and increasing throughput in broadband wireless access (BWA) networks. Therefore, we propose a novel BWA network architecture, that can set up inter-cell collaboration using physical layer cooperative transmissions among distributed wired access networks with a powerful coordination capability at the central office. However, conventional base station (BS) assignment and resource allocation schemes cannot be used directly because a user can be serviced by more than one BS with cooperative transmission technology. This study proposes a novel framework of BS assignment and resource allocation in a cooperative OFDM network. We provide three approaches of resource allocation for minimizing bandwidth usage, minimizing transmission power consumption, and balancing resource costs respectively. An optimized resource allocation scheme can be implemented by flexibly choosing one of these approaches based on network load. The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed mathematical formulations and linearization approach of our scheme. The performance benefit of CT technology on the bandwidth saving is demonstrated by comparing the new BS assignment and resource allocation scheme with conventional non-cooperative transmission.     

An optimised resource aware approach to information collection in ad hoc networks

In ad hoc networks there is a need for all-to-one protocols that allow for information collection or “sensing” of the state of an ad hoc network and the nodes that comprise it. Such protocols may be used for service discovery, auto-configuration, network management, topology discovery or reliable flooding. There is a parallel between this type of sensing in ad hoc networks and that of sensor networks. However, ad hoc networks and sensor networks differ in their application, construction, characteristics and constraints. The main priority of sensor networks is for the flow of data from sensors back to a sink, but in an ad hoc network this may be of secondary importance. Hence, protocols suitable to sensor networks are not necessarily suitable to ad hoc networks and vice versa. We propose, Resource Aware Information Collection (RAIC), a distributed two phased resource aware approach to information collection in ad hoc networks. RAIC utilises a resource aware optimised flooding mechanism to both disseminate requests and initialise a backbone of resource suitable nodes responsible for relaying replies back to the node collecting information. RAIC in the process of collecting information from all nodes in an ad hoc network is shown to consume less energy and introduce less overhead compared with Directed Diffusion and a brute force approach. Importantly, over multiple successive queries (in an energy constrained environment), the use of resource awareness allows for the load of relaying to be distributed to those nodes most suitable, thereby extending the lifetime of the network.     

Cooperative load-balancing strategy based on N-hops routing algorithm of ad hoc network in heterogeneous overlapping networks

A major challenge of the heterogeneous wireless networks is how to jointly utilize the resources of different radio access technologies in an efficient manner. In this paper, system performance, such as the block probability and throughput, was investigated in communication hot spots overlapped by heterogeneous networks: cellular, WLAN, and WiMax networks. Two cooperative load-balancing strategies based on hops-limited routing algorithm of ad hoc network are proposed in order to raise the resource utilization of the whole overlapping heterogeneous networks. They both firstly make a decision whether to admit a new call or not based on common radio resource management strategies, and in overloaded condition, select certain traffic to transfer into targeted BS/AP according to minimum price strategy or minimum load BS/AP and nearest traffic strategy, which take into account these factors such as load index, number of hops, traffic prediction, cost, etc. An analytical model is used to compute the call block probability and throughput performance for two different traffic models. Simulation results show that the proposed load-balancing strategies can distribute traffics to the whole heterogeneous wireless networks, decrease the call block probability, improve system throughputs efficiently, and obviously outperform HM-MACA and HS-TC load-balancing strategies.     

基于Ka/Ku相控阵天线的空基自组网协议设计

针对空基自组织网络的大容量通信需求,首先提出了基于频分复用的定向MAC协议,在邻居发现过程中将测距算法与多维尺度变换定位算法相结合得到每个节点的相对位置,并设计了双预约资源分配算法,完成定向数据传输;然后提出了定向路由协议,解决了次佳路由问题和路由应答风暴,并加入相邻搜索、链路质量评估和备用路由,降低了协议开销。空基自组网基于Ka/Ku相控阵天线的定向传播特性以及Ka/Ku频段频谱资源丰富的特点,使用频分复用、空分复用技术实现多个信道的高速并行传输,从而极大地提高网络的吞吐量。