二维层状材料在涂层防腐中的研究进展

二维层状材料因其独特的形貌结构、较高的比表面积、优异的物理机械性能已在涂层防腐中受到了广泛的关注。结合国内外最新研究,综述了近年来石墨烯、六方氮化硼、二硫化钼、水滑石及蒙脱土等二维层状材料在涂层防腐中的研究进展。对各类二维层状材料应用于涂层防腐中的防腐效果进行了对比与总结。最后,对二维层状材料在涂层防腐中的发展趋势进行了展望。     

二维材料调控阻氢涂层研究进展

在涉氢应用领域,氢及其同位素的渗透导致结构材料氢损伤、能源浪费及核污染等诸多问题,在结构材料表面覆盖阻氢涂层是解决氢渗透问题的重要技术手段。总结了传统阻氢涂层的特性及其阻氢效果,并阐明了传统阻氢涂层仍然存在的效率低及寿命短等问题。最新研究表明,石墨烯等二维材料薄膜具有很强的阻挡特性,多层堆垛结构效果尤其明显,可作为优异的阻氢材料,而传统阻氢涂层兼具有一定的吸附储氢性能。通过对氢渗透机理的分析提出引入二维材料作为阻氢层,并结合传统阻氢涂层的储氢特性构建新型阻氢结构模型,阐述了阻氢层的制备应用现状及储氢层的储氢机理,同时探讨了针对不同应用背景下新型阻氢结构的不同形式与应用效果,最后展望了新型阻氢结构涂层在不同应用领域下的应用前景。     

不锈钢表面阻氢涂层研究进展

不锈钢是高压氢系统的常用材料,在氢能储输技术中发挥重要作用,但高压氢环境引起的塑性降低、疲劳裂纹扩展速率加快等不锈钢氢脆问题,严重阻碍了氢能的产业化发展,在不锈钢材料表面制备阻氢涂层是解决不锈钢氢损伤问题的重要手段之一。本文首先综合介绍了典型涂层材料的应用特点及阻氢性能,探讨了制备工艺对涂层阻氢性能的影响、不同涂层材料的阻氢机理,并分析了涂层阻氢性能影响因素,之后总结了涂层阻氢性能评价方法及各种评价方法的优势与不足,并根据各种评价方法的技术特点,指出每种方法的适用范围。最后,基于阻氢涂层研究进展,文章提出以开发新型涂层结构为研究重点,同时加快新型涂层材料的探索,并重点关注涂层氢环境原位性能评价方法的研究。     

新型二维材料MXene吸附重金属的研究进展

近年来,新型纳米材料MXene因独特的形态及化学结构受到了广泛关注。MXene是一个二维过渡金属碳化物和氮化物的家族,通常由刻蚀前驱体MAX层状金属陶瓷相合成。通过刻蚀较弱的A原子将MAX上下两层抽出,即可得到层状的MXene材料。该类材料具有类石墨烯二维层状结构、较大的比表面积、良好的亲水性能、优异的稳定性和导电性,...     

二维硫化锌材料的制备及其研究进展

硫化锌是一种重要的宽带隙半导体材料,因其特殊的光电性质已引起制备领域的关注。目前对二维硫化锌的综述未见报道。综述了近5年来制备二维ZnS材料的气相法、液相法和固相法,分析比较了合成方法的优缺点,并对二维ZnS的制备提出了几点展望。     

二维材料改性防腐涂料的研究进展

综述了国内外关于石墨烯、二硫化钼、水滑石、MXene等二维材料改性有机涂层的腐蚀防护效果,分析总结了二维材料在防腐涂料中的作用方式和防腐机理,同时对二维材料在腐蚀防护领域的研究前景进行展望。     

熔盐法合成二维材料研究进展

得益于独特的层结构与物理化学性质,二维材料在能源、环境、催化等诸多领域具有广阔的应用前景。二维材料的传统制备方法存在着产率低、周期长、成本高等不足,限制了其大规模应用。因此开发绿色、环保、高效的通用合成策略来实现具有特定成分、尺寸、厚度、晶相、缺陷和优异表面性质二维材料的制备具有重要的意义。熔盐体系的裸离子结构导向作用、高反应活性、宽调温窗口使其在制备二维材料方面凸显出独特的优势。本文简述了熔盐合成的基本原理和优势特点,归纳总结了近年来熔盐法用于石墨烯、MXene、二维有机材料、二维钙钛矿和其他二维材料合成的最新研究进展,并对该领域的发展趋势进行了展望。     

二维钙钛矿材料制备技术研究进展

钙钛矿因具有可调性结构、低缺陷密度、高载流子迁移率以及带隙可调等优异的物理化学特性而被广泛地应用于太阳能电池和光电探测器等光电器件领域。二维钙钛矿材料由于维度和厚度尺寸减小,引起量子限域效应,使得电子-空穴相互作用增强,激子结合能增大。因此,二维钙钛矿材料与其块体材料相比表现出了更优异的光电特性,并且稳定性增强,迅速成为二维材料领域的研究热点。结合近几年国内外研究现状,综述了剥离法、液相法和气相法等3种二维钙钛矿材料的制备方法,分析了各种方法的优缺点,并对其未来的发展进行了展望。指出二维钙钛矿材料的研究需要重点关注以下两个方面：1）开发一种简单可行的大规模生产大尺寸、高质量、环境友好以及高稳定性的二维钙钛矿材料的制备方法仍然是该领域研究的重点,3种制备方法中气相法是非常有可能实现大规模生产大尺寸、高质量二维钙钛矿材料的有效途径,但是急需解决的问题是降低设备成本以及通过改进工艺条件来提高二维钙钛矿材料的生长速度;2）二维钙钛矿材料在太阳能电池、光电探测器、LED等光电器件领域已经表现出很好的应用前景,但是光电器件的工作原理以及如何精确调控材料形貌与发光性能等这些基础研究仍然需要更深入的探...     

二维MXenes的制备及催化产氢性能研究进展

过渡金属碳化物、氮化物MXenes是一类新型的二维材料,通式为MnXn-1Tx(n=2～5).MXenes具备独特性能,在催化、储能、吸附等领域受到广泛关注.综述了MXenes的发展进程,不同的MXenes制备方法对MXenes结构、性能和表面官能团的影响以及MXenes复合材料在催化领域的应用研究现状,关于MXene...     

基于二维材料膜构筑纳米流体通道的研究进展

纳米流体学涉及在纳米尺度通道内流体独特的传输行为,近年来引起了研究者们的广泛兴趣。二维（2D）材料的出现以及2D材料膜的快速发展,开创了纳米流体研究的新时代。本文综述了近年来基于二维材料膜构筑纳米流体通道的研究进展,着重介绍了二维材料膜纳米流体通道的构筑方法,包括“自上而下”策略、“自下而上”策略、人工造孔策略制备二维材料多孔膜,以及范德华组装策略、液相组装策略制备二维材料叠层膜;深入讨论了二维材料膜纳米流体通道的调控手段,包括通道尺寸、长度和形状等物理结构的精密控制,通道亲和性、电荷性等化学环境的合理设计;最后总结展望了二维材料膜纳米流体在材料开发、仿生设计、传输机理和器件应用等方面所面临的机遇与挑战。     

Effect of metal‐support interface on hydrogen permeation through palladium membranes

Thin palladium membranes of different thicknesses were prepared on sol‐gel derived mesoporous γ‐alumina/α‐alumina and yttria‐stabilized zirconia/α‐alumina supports by a method combining sputter deposition and electroless plating. The effect of metal‐support interface on hydrogen transport permeation properties was investigated by comparing hydrogen permeation data for these membranes measured under different conditions. Hydrogen permeation fluxes for the Pd/γ‐Al₂O₃/α‐Al₂O₃ membranes are significantly smaller than those for the Pd/YSZ/α‐Al₂O₃ membranes under similar conditions. As the palladium membrane thickness increases, the difference in permeation fluxes between these two groups of membranes decreases and the pressure exponent for permeation flux approaches 0.5 from 1. Analysis of the permeation data with a permeation model shows that both groups of membranes have similar hydrogen permeability for bulk diffusion, but the Pd/γ‐Al₂O₃/α‐Al₂O₃ membranes exhibit a much lower surface reaction rate constant with higher activation energy, due possibly to the formation of Pd‐Al alloy, than the Pd/YSZ/α‐Al₂O₃ membranes. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

天然气重整制氢新技术的研究进展

介绍了天然气重整制氢新技术,包括选择性透氢膜,选择性透氧膜,化学循环以及CO2吸收的研究进展,介绍了4种新技术应用于制氢装置中的概念设计,并比较了4种技术的优缺点。     

Review: membrane materials for the removal of water from industrial solvents by pervaporation and vapor permeation

Organic solvents are widely used in a variety of industrial sectors. Reclaiming and reusing the solvents may be the most economically and environmentally beneficial option for managing spent solvents. Purifying the solvents to meet reuse specifications can be challenging. For hydrophilic solvents, water must be removed prior to reuse, yet many hydrophilic solvents form hard-to-separate azeotropic mixtures with water. Such mixtures make separation processes energy-intensive and cause economic challenges. The membrane processes pervaporation (PV) and vapor permeation (VP) can be less energy-intensive than distillation-based processes and have proven to be very effective in removing water from azeotropic mixtures. In PV/VP, separation is based on the solution–diffusion interaction between the dense permselective layer of the membrane and the solvent/water mixture. This review provides a state-of-the-science analysis of materials used as the selective layer(s) of PV/VP membranes in removing water from organic solvents. A variety of membrane materials, such as polymeric, inorganic, mixed matrix, and hybrid, have been reported in the literature. A small subset of these is commercially available and highlighted here: poly (vinyl alcohol), polyimides, amorphous perfluoro polymers, NaA zeolites, chabazite zeolites, T-type zeolites, and hybrid silicas. The typical performance characteristics and operating limits of these membranes are discussed. Solvents targeted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for reclamation are emphasized and ten common solvents are chosen for analysis: acetonitrile, 1-butanol, N,N-dimethyl formamide, ethanol, methanol, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, and 2-propanol. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.     

Stretchable gas barrier films achieved by hydrogen-bond self-assembly of nano-brick multilayers

Inorganic–organic hybrid films containing two-dimensional nanosheets have shown good gas barrier performance, but moderate tensile property, because of the rigid characteristics of covalent or ionic bonds between the assembly units. In this work, we used LDH nanosheets rich in hydroxyl groups as building units, followed by modification of tannic acid (TA), to assemble with polyethylene oxide (PEO) through hydrogen bonds. Compared with previous work, the tensile property and oxygen barrier performance of (TA@LDH/PEO)_n films have been significantly improved. A 50-bilayer TA@LDH/PEO film, deposited on a 1 mm thick natural rubber substrate, results in a 29× reduction (contrast with bare substrate) in oxygen transmission rate and maintains its good barrier property even under a large elongation of 120%. The excellent tensile and gas barrier properties are attributed to the ductility of hydrogen bond network among building blocks and the significant prolongation of oxygen transmission path induced by LDH nanosheets.     

有机液体储氢材料的研究进展

氢气是一种清洁、高效的能量,被视为最具发展潜力的清洁能源,其存储和运输是影响氢能大规模应用的关键问题。常用的储氢方法有高压气态储氢、液化储氢、金属合金储氢和有机液体氢化物储氢等,本文综述了其中受到广泛关注的有机液体储氢材料,分析了多种有机液体储氢材料的储氢原理与特点,认为有机液体储氢容量大,可循环使用,更加高效安全。主要介绍了环己烷、甲基环己烷、十氢萘、咔唑和乙基咔唑等,重点对目前的国内外研究现状进行了阐述。根据分析结果,对其发展前景进行了展望,指出如果利用工业上能够大规模获取的化学原料,如萘系多环芳烃,开发高效低成本加氢脱氢催化剂,研究最适宜的加氢与脱氢条件,可大幅降低储氢成本,有利于氢能的大规模应用与发展。     

A novel model equation for the permeation of hydrogen in mixture with carbon monoxide through Pd–Ag membranes

Hydrogen permeance decrease, owing to the covalent interaction of carbon monoxide with the Pd–Ag membrane surface, represents a considerable drawback, since this decreases the efficiency of the alloy membranes. This work proposes a novel Sieverts–Langmuir's model taking into account the mentioned adsorption. The proposed model equation, in order to take into account the fraction of the membrane surface not active for hydrogen permeation, introduces Langmuir's isotherm, which is the surface loading in the classical Sieverts’ permeation equation. The evaluation of the parameter and the Langmuir affinity constant involved in the proposed model was carried out using experimental data measured using a 60 μm thick Pd–Ag commercial membrane at 647 K (374 °C), up to a total pressure of 700 kPa. The presented model yields, in a parametric form, a quantitative assessment of hydrogen permeance decrease caused by the adsorption of gases on Pd–Ag membrane surfaces. Therefore, this novel Sieverts–Langmuir's equation models hydrogen permeation through Pd–Ag-based membranes in the presence of inhibitor gases such as CO. In addition, by ab initio evaluation of the and the Langmuir affinity constant, the proposed Sieverts–Langmuir's equation can identify a new membrane with better efficiency.     

新型贮氢材料的研究进展

氢能作为资源丰富、绿色环保的清洁能源而被广泛研究,氢的贮存和运输是氢能应用的关键。金属络合氢化物、碳纳米管、沸石具有较高的贮氢容量,成为贮氢材料研究的热点。综述了金属络合氢化物、碳纳米管、沸石等新型贮氢材料的研究进展,讨论了各种贮氢材料的特点与性能,对其实用性和应用前景进行了分析。     

Diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in a Pd-Ag membrane: Effect of hydrogen solubility

The permeabilities of hydrogen through a Pd₇₅-Ag₂₅ membrane have been measured at temperatures ranging from 423 to 573 K and under hydrogen pressure differences ranging from 69 to 256 kPa. From the available literature solubility data a neural network model has been developed in order to simulate the variation of the hydrogen content in the alloy as a function of pressure and temperature. Then, from steady state permeability measurements and calculated solubilities, the diffusion coefficients of hydrogen have been computed. At a given temperature, the diffusion coefficient has been found to decrease with the hydrogen content (0.1 ≤ n = H/M ≤ 0.37). A simple relation is then suggested to predict the variation of the diffusion coefficient on both temperature and hydrogen content. To account for the variation of the diffusion coefficient with n, the integration of Fick's law of diffusion has been performed numerically, resulting in non-linear profile of hydrogen content through the membrane under steady state permeation.     

新型储氢材料研究进展

氢能作为一种环保可再生的新型能源,生产技术逐渐走向成熟,成本大幅度下降,将迎来快速发展的机遇期。氢能被广泛利用的关键在于是否能够实现高效储存。本文重点讨论了四类新型储氢材料,即金属络合氢化物储氢材料、碳纳米管储氢材料、沸石以及新型沸石类材料、有机液态储氢材料。文章指出：金属络合氢化物储氢材料储存压力低但循环稳定性差;碳纳米管储氢材料已经有很长的发展历史,安全性高且易脱氢,然而目前对其储氢机理认识不够成熟;沸石以及新型沸石类材料价格低廉,但是对反应条件的要求高;有机液态储氢材料被认为是大规模储存和运输的可行选择,然而昂贵的成本和苛刻的反应条件限制了其发展。文章指出后续需要改进并开发具有较高存储容量和具有经济价值的储氢材料。