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《塑性工程学报》2015,(6):91-97
采用有限元数值模拟方法,研究了矩形断面铜包铝复合铸坯轧制成形铜包铝扁排时的金属变形和流动规律,以及工艺参数对宽展率和铜层厚度比的影响。结果表明,变形区宽面铜层在压下方向主要为压应力状态,而在轧制方向主要为拉应力状态。变形区窄面铜层在压下方向主要为压应力状态,但存在局部拉应力区,在轧制方向主要为拉应力状态。窄面铜层的双向拉应力是导致该位置易发生开裂的主要原因。在所研究的轧制工艺参数中,单道次相对压下率对轧制宽展率和铜层厚度比的影响最大,而采用较大的轧辊直径不仅可以获得较大宽展,而且对铜层厚度比的影响较小,因而铜包铝复合棒坯轧制时,宜采用较大的轧辊直径,并合理控制轧制的道次压下率。通过实验验证,数值模拟的计算精度可满足工程要求。 相似文献
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采用热芯大压下工艺可以消除大方坯芯部疏松、缩孔缺陷,然而大方坯应力状态复杂多变,符合大压下变形过程的断裂判据匮乏,制约了热芯大压下工艺的工业化应用。以GCr15大方坯为研究对象,通过设计异形压缩试样获取材料变形时不同的应力状态演化路径,还原了大方坯大压下过程复杂受力情况,建立了适用于热芯大压下轧制工艺的表面裂纹判据;结合大方坯芯部孔洞压合实验有限元模拟,分析了热芯大压下轧制时孔洞形状演变和表面开裂风险。结果表明:得益于热芯大压下大方坯的厚向温度梯度,压下率越大,对于铸坯芯部缺陷的改善效果越明显。当压下率为33.3%时,铸坯芯部孔洞实现完全闭合,且此时铸坯表面实际损伤值低于临界损伤值,不会产生新的表面裂纹缺陷。 相似文献
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针对42CrMo钢大棒材轧后冷却过程中的组织性能控制与表面裂纹问题,在Gleeble热模拟平台研究了42CrMo钢的组织转变规律及其动态CCT曲线,并建立了150 mm大棒材轧后输送和缓冷过程的温度-组织-应力场耦合有限元模型,对轧件轧后温度变化、显微组织和应力状态进行了模拟分析。结果表明,当采用缓冷工艺且轧件入坑温度高于600℃时,棒材横截面内组织主要为珠光体和铁素体,与工业现场取样结果一致,符合对大棒材切削加工性能的实际要求。空冷条件下,轧件表面金属处于拉应力状态且最大周向应力为13 MPa,缓冷工艺能够降低工件内部温度梯度和应力水平,对抑制表面裂纹萌生有重要作用。 相似文献
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中厚板轧制过程的数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以L245级管线钢材料的热物性参数(密度、泊松比、杨氏模量、热膨胀系数、热导率和比热)和热模拟压缩实验获得的高温变形时应力—应变曲线等试验数据为基础,在MSC.Marc软件中建立了该钢种材料数据库,并建立了中厚板多道次轧制过程的二维有限元模型。以铸坯厚度为220mm、成品厚度为25.4mm的热轧过程为例,通过对轧件与轧辊接触面间换热系数采用取不同常数值的方法,并依据其生产时所采集的各道次相关工艺参数,对该轧件全道次热轧过程进行了数值模拟,将各道次的轧制力计算值与实测值进行了分析比较,确定了轧件与轧辊间接触面换热系数的最佳值。利用本文模型对厚度为180mm的轧件单道次轧制过程进行了数值模拟,研究了不同变形工艺参数(轧制温度、道次压下率和轧制速度)对变形区等效应变和等效应力的影响。结果表明,在轧机设备能力及生产现场条件允许时,高温粗轧阶段纵轧道次可采用低速大压下率进行轧制成形,使变形较充分地向轧件芯部渗透,从而使钢板获得细小均匀的晶粒组织,有效改善钢板的强韧性能。 相似文献
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轧制开坯钼丝退火点设置浅析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
轧制开坯钼丝采用粉末生产的坯条或棒坯经轧制→旋锻→拉伸进行加工。因其具有变形均匀、单重大等优点,与传统旋锻开坯的钼丝相比,具有良好的加工性能和稳定性。但钼丝材的缺点是,在加工过程中易引起金属加工硬化,故生产中常出现断丝现象。轧制开坯钼丝拉伸加工较大规格时,上述现象更为突出,因此,须进行适当的退火,以消除应力,降低变形抗力,提高塑性。轧制开坯钼丝的简单工艺路线如右图所示。1 实验方法按以上工艺路线进行A、B两种工艺试验,如表1所示。其中A工艺在φ1.9 mm ~φ0.8mm拉伸工序中设置退火点,退火分别在φ1.4mm或… 相似文献
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用非线性有限元分析软件MSC.MARC/Autoforge,对圆坯三辊斜轧过程进行了三维弹塑性热-力耦合模拟仿真,得到了应力、应变场和温度分布。发现圆坯三辊斜轧时的应变强度在轧件纵剖面上的分布形态与圆坯二辊斜轧极为相似,也呈“W”型。在相同轧辊倾角条件下,圆坯三辊斜轧时变形分布的不均匀性明显比二辊斜轧时大。 相似文献
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建立超声表面滚压加工(ultrasonic surface rolling process,USRP)的三维有限元模型,开发了模拟焊接的移动双椭球热源子程序,利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟了X80管线钢焊缝不同方向的焊接残余应力,在此基础上叠加USRP的超声振动与静载荷的综合作用,模拟了表面塑形变形、应力和应变,耦合后分析了USRP前后残余应力的变化规律.结果表明,经过USRP处理,X80管线钢表面焊缝区由三向残余拉应力变为三向残余压应力,随着USRP次数的增加,残余压应力数值不断增大,残余应力σx,σy,σz变化规律基本相同. 相似文献
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Jianguo Zhu Huimin Xie Zhenxing Hu Pengwan Chen Qingming Zhang 《Journal of Thermal Spray Technology》2012,21(5):810-817
A plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coating (TBC) was deposited on a stainless steel substrate. The residual stresses were firstly measured by moiré interferometry combined with a cutting relaxation method. The fringe patterns in the cross-section of the specimen clearly demonstrate the deformation caused by the residual stress in thermal spray coatings. However, restricted by the sensitivity of moiré interferometry, there are few fringes in the top coat, and large errors may exist in evaluating the residual stress in the top coat. Then, the nanoindentation technique was used to estimate the residual stresses across the coating thickness. The stress/depth profile shows that the process-induced stresses after thermal spray are compressive in the top coat and a tendency to a more compressive state toward the interface. In addition, the stress gradient in the substrate is nonlinear, and tensile and compressive stresses appear simultaneously for self-equilibrium in the cross-section. 相似文献
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《Acta Materialia》2007,55(1):43-53
This investigation provides a quantitative analysis of the effect of Type I residual stresses on the occurrence of pitting and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) formation in pipeline steel exposed to neutral pH aqueous environments. It has been shown that SCC generated in neutral pH environments can be readily blunted due to plastic deformation (room temperature creep) and/or extensive anodic dissolution. As a result, a high positive tensile residual stress gradient is necessary for continued growth of SCC in pipeline steels exposed to this neutral pH environment. The tensile residual stress represents a large mechanical driving force for crack nucleation and short crack growth. Active cracks may become dormant as the near-surface residual stress gradient changes, due to self-equilibration, from highly tensile to a lower tensile state or to a compressive state. The change in residual stress level can occur within 1 mm of the surface, resulting in a large proportion of dormant SCC. 相似文献
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《Intermetallics》2017
The aim of this study was to gain an insight into the development of near-surface stress, which has been proposed to play a role in environmental embrittlement, as a function of depth after exposure. Investigations were performed, using both energy and angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction, to determine the residual stress as a function of depth for flat specimens made from two γ-based TiAl alloys in as-polished and exposed (700 °C/1 h/air) conditions. It has been found that large compressive stresses are present at the surface of as-polished specimens due to sub-surface deformation that remains despite careful grinding/polishing. After exposure the compressive residual stresses at depths below 0.6 μm are significantly reduced, probably due to the annealing out of deformation induced defects, but remain compressive in nature. However, within 0.6 μm from the outer surface, tensile stresses were present and reached a maximum of around +350 MPa at 0.15 μm depth. The extent to which the development of superficial tensile residual stress and reduced deeper compressive stress contribute to embrittlement remains unclear. 相似文献
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7050铝合金二维超声滚压加工残余应力场研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的研究二维超声滚压后7050铝合金残余应力场的形成过程和表层残余应力的分布规律。方法利用有限元软件模拟二维超声滚压加工,分析残余应力场的形成过程及表层残余应力的分布规律;采用正交试验方法进行7050铝合金二维超声滚压加工试验,研究工艺参数对表面残余应力的影响规律,并与有限元分析结果相对比,验证有限元模拟的合理性。结果在二维超声滚压加工过程中,7050铝合金表层材料应力随时间先减小后增大,最后趋于稳定,形成残余应力。残余压应力沿滚压深度方向先增大后减小,再转化为残余拉应力。残余压应力层厚度约为1.05 mm,最大残余压应力值约为285 MPa。在相同的工艺参数下,有限元分析结果与试验结果基本吻合。静压力对表面残余应力的形成影响最大,表面残余压应力随静压力的增大而增大。结论二维超声滚压加工使7050铝合金表面发生剧烈的塑性变形,并形成一定深度的残余压应力。铝合金表面残余压应力随静压力的增大而增大,而与转速和进给量无关。 相似文献
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O. Maluf M. T. Milan D. Spinelli 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2004,13(2):195-199
Surface rolling is a mechanical treatment usually used in parts fabricated with steel and ductile cast iron, specifically
in stress concentration regions, to improve fatigue properties. This process hardens and introduces compressive residual stresses
to the surface of the material through the application of controlled strains, thus provoking a reduction of resulting tensile
stress at its surface under cyclic loading. This work deals with the effect of surface rolling on high cycle fatigue behavior
of a pearlitic ductile cast iron used in crankshafts by the automotive industry. Rotating bending fatigue tests were performed
in both smooth and notched specimens, the latter either with or without a surface rolling treatment. Compressive residual
stresses and heavy plastic deformation imposed on the surface grains due to cold work made difficult the nucleation and propagation
of the crack at the rolled surface of the notch. As a consequence, surface-rolled notch testpieces presented a higher endurance
limit (478 MPa) than both smooth (299 MPa) and notched (166 MPa) testpieces did. The surface rolling apparatus developed for
this work proved to be very efficient and simple, providing good control of parameters involved in the process (i.e., rolling
load, frequency, and number of revolutions). 相似文献