多孔PZT压电陶瓷膜的制备及其抗污染性能

以PbZr_xTi_(1-x)O_3(PZT)压电陶瓷粉体为原料,通过干压成型的方法制备多孔PZT陶瓷膜,考察了煅烧温度对多孔PZT陶瓷膜的机械强度、孔隙率以及纯水渗透性能的影响。当煅烧温度为950℃时,可制备出纯水渗透率为850 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1)·MPa~(-1),孔径为300 nm,机械强度为47.8 MPa,孔隙率为34%的多孔PZT陶瓷膜。在此基础上,考察了极化温度与极化电压对多孔PZT陶瓷膜压电性能的影响,并对极化后的PZT压电陶瓷膜进行萃取和表面等离子刻蚀处理。结果表明:极化温度为120℃、极化电压强度为4 k V·mm~(-1),极化后经热乙醇萃取及表面等离子刻蚀4 min后,多孔PZT压电陶瓷膜在外加交流电为20 V时,产生的共振振幅信号值达34.8 m V。将制备的多孔PZT压电陶瓷膜在粒径为600 nm的含油乳化液中进行过滤实验,发现陶瓷膜两端未加交流电时,其通量在2 h内衰减至4%。而加交流电后,其稳定通量可维持在20%左右,表明制备的多孔PZT压电陶瓷膜具有良好的抗污染效果。     

多孔陶瓷膜支撑体的制备研究进展

多孔陶瓷膜支撑体是陶瓷膜制备与应用的基础.本文概述了多孔陶瓷膜支撑体主要的制备工艺及其特点;探讨了制备过程中影响多孔陶瓷膜支撑体结构及性能的因素;综述了多孔陶瓷膜支撑体研究现状,并对多孔陶瓷膜支撑体的发展趋势进行了展望.     

压电报警器PZT压电陶瓷的制备研究

本文采用传统的固相法制备PZT二元系压电陶瓷。研究了掺杂不同含量为0.1%,0.15%,0.2%,0.25%,0.3%和0.35%的MnO_2和CeO_2对PZT压电陶瓷的结构、介电性能、压电性能和介电损耗的影响。并对其微观组织进行了研究。当锰的掺杂量为0.15%时,压电陶瓷的性能得到最佳的优化:tgδ=0.0095;kp=0.634p C/N;d33=611;ε=2523。铈的掺杂使陶瓷的烧结温度升高,当铈的掺杂量为0.15%时,压电陶瓷的性能也得到了最佳的优化:tgδ=0.017;kp=0.623;d33=563p C/N,ε=3310。在原配方材料的基础上压电常数和机电耦合系数都有所增加。这对压电报警器的声压的提高、体积的减小有着重要的意义。     

多孔陶瓷及其发展

概述了泡沫陶瓷,蜂窝陶瓷,微孔多孔陶瓷,介孔陶瓷及陶瓷膜材料等,对他们在固一液分离等领域中应用作了简要地介绍,最后提出了我国多孔陶瓷发展意见。     

制备工艺对PZTBCW压电陶瓷性能的影响

制备了Ba(cul/2Wl/2)O3改性FZT压电陶瓷，研究了烧结温度制度和烧结气氛对材料性能和显微结构的影响，结果发现在温度1150℃，氧化铅气氛，密封烧结条件下材料的压电性能最好。同时讨论了极化场强和极化温度对材料压电性能的影响，测试结果显示在极化强度为3kV／mm，极化时间为15min下材料的压电性能最容易显现出来，过高或过低的极化强度和极化温度都不能制备出理想的压电陶瓷材料。     

基于3D打印的多孔陶瓷膜研究进展

高性能膜材料是膜分离技术的“芯片”,发展新型高效制备方法是膜分离领域的重要研究方向。以数字模型为基础的3D打印技术,在复杂结构器件精密构筑方面展现出了优异的灵活性。近年来,3D打印技术在高性能膜材料开发方面的应用被广泛关注。本文从制备方法、性能强化等方面介绍了3D打印多孔陶瓷膜的研究进展,探讨了多孔陶瓷膜3D打印技术面临的挑战,并对3D打印技术在陶瓷膜领域的潜在发展方向进行了展望。     

抗还原型PZT压电陶瓷的制备与性能

采用固相法制备出可在低氧压和还原性气氛中烧结的压电陶瓷材料。材料最佳组成为:Pb0.95Sr0.05(Zr0.54Ti0.46)O3+0.03%(质量分数)CuO+0.05%Nd2O3+1.00%Sb2O3。通过施主和受主共掺杂,既抑制了烧结过程中氧空位扩散,又避免了Ti4+与自由电子结合转变成为Ti3+,使陶瓷保持了压电性能。结果表明:添加半径合适的稀土元素,是使陶瓷具有抗还原性能的关键之一。当烧结温度为1050℃时,陶瓷压电应变常数d33=294 pC/N,平面机电耦合系数kp=43.56%,相对介电常数εT33/ε0=1 333,介电损耗tanδ=0.019 7。该材料可应用于与Ni、Cu等贱金属低温共烧的叠层压电器件中,能够大大降低器件的成本。     

烧结温度对多孔陶瓷压电性能的影响

研究了烧结温度对海藻酸钠离子凝胶法制备3-1型多孔PZT压电陶瓷和凝胶注模法制备3-3型多孔PZT压电陶瓷性能的影响.结果表明:当烧结温度从1150℃升至1250℃,多孔PZT陶瓷的孔隙率降低,晶粒尺寸、介电常数、压电系数、厚度机电耦合系数和抗压强度增大,静水压压电系数与静水压品质因数随之降低.3-1型PZT陶瓷具有定...     

掺杂PZT压电陶瓷材料的研制

本文在介绍掺杂ＰＺＴ压电陶瓷材料制备及其性能测试基础上，总结出生产掺杂ＰＺＴ材料的最佳烧成条件，研究表明，本文所研制的样品已达到或超过压电点火材料的水平，但所选系统仍有潜力可挖，只要工艺合适，性能完全能再提高。     

面向气体分离膜应用的多孔陶瓷基体研究

在众多基体材料中,多孔陶瓷由于化学和热稳定性较好而成为气体分离膜基体材料的首选,但一般陶瓷基体表面粗糙并存在裂纹、针孔等缺陷,增加了气体分离膜的制备难度,并对分离膜的性能产生不利的影响。笔者采用溶胶—凝胶法对多孔陶瓷基体表面进行修饰,有效地降低了表面粗糙度,同时把基体渗透率调整到适宜值,以得到面向气体分离膜应用的多孔陶瓷基体。     

Asymmetric porous cordierite ceramic membranes prepared by phase inversion tape casting and their desalination performance

Asymmetric porous cordierite ceramic membranes were fabricated by phase inversion tape casting method. It is shown that the membranes consist of a relatively dense skin layer on the top, a sponge layer at the bottom and a finger-like layer in the middle. The membranes have a hierarchical pore structure, where macrovoids (denoted as dozens-micron-sized (DMS) pores) are present in the finger-like layer and micron-sized (MS) pores are located in the skin layer, sponge layer and the wall of macrovoids. After surface silylation by post-grafting with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS), the sample with a starting powder/polyethersulfone (PESf) weight ratio of 9 (M − 4) becomes hydrophobic, with a water contact angle of 150°. At a NaCl concentration of 3.5 wt%, a feed rate of 18L/h and a feed temperature of 80 °C, the hydrophobic M − 4 membrane exhibits a water permeate flux of 22.33 kg/m²h, which is considerably larger than that of the membranes prepared by dry pressing method previously, and a salt rejection of 99.9%. The higher water permeate flux is attributed to the much lower transport resistance of water vapor in the membranes of the present work.     

多孔陶瓷分离膜

多孔陶瓷膜由于其优良的耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐微生物侵蚀等性质，近年来被快速地应用于分离领域。本文介绍其制备方法、性能测定及应用前景。     

19通道多孔陶瓷膜渗透过程的CFD模拟

根据Darcy定律,建立了多孔陶瓷膜中渗透流动的CFD计算模型,定量描述了纯水在多孔陶瓷膜中的渗流情况。根据CFD模型,采用有限体积法,模拟计算出四种平均孔径陶瓷膜的纯水通量,并与实验值进行了对比,结果吻合较好。采用该模型,定量计算出19通道陶瓷膜中每个通道对整体陶瓷膜渗透通量的贡献,并分析了其中的变化规律,为多孔陶瓷膜的构型优化奠定了基础。     

Catalytic reactors based on porous ceramic membranes

This overview discusses some of the developments and outstanding opportunities in the field of catalytic reactors based on porous ceramic membranes, both inert and catalytic. This is an emerging area, where inputs from heterogeneous catalysis, material science and reactor engineering are playing the key roles. Rather than attempting a thorough review of the relevant literature, this work deals with some general concepts and then concentrates on a few selected examples that illustrate the application of membrane reactors.     

多孔陶瓷膜反应器用于非均相超细纳米催化的研究进展(英文)

Heterogeneous catalysts with ultrafine or nano particle size have currently attracted considerable attentions in the chemical and petrochemical production processes, but their large-scale applications remain challenging because of difficulties associated with their efficient separation from the reaction slurry. A porous ceramic membrane reactor has emerged as a promising method to solve the problem concerning catalysts separation in situ from the reaction mixture and make the production process continuous in heterogeneous catalysis. This article presents a review of the present progress on porous ceramic membrane reactors for heterogeneous catalysis, which covers classification of configurations of porous ceramic membrane reactor, major considerations and some important industrial applications. A special emphasis is paid to major considerations in term of application-oriented ceramic membrane design, optimization of ceramic membrane reactor performance and membrane fouling mechanism. Finally, brief concluding remarks on porous ceramic membrane reactors are given and possible future research interests are also outlined.     

模拟的发酵液组分对聚二甲基硅氧烷/陶瓷复合膜渗透汽化性能的影响

对所制备的聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）/陶瓷复合膜进行了渗透汽化性能表征。通过在乙醇-水混合体系中添加不同的模拟发酵液组分;如葡萄糖（多羟基醛）、甘油（多元醇）、丁二酸（有机酸）、KCl（无机盐）;考察了各组分对复合膜渗透汽化性能的影响。研究发现：在333 K下;在乙醇浓度为65 g·L-1的混合物中添加不同浓度的第三组分;有机添加物对膜的渗透汽化性能没有明显影响;而无机盐的加入使膜的分离因子稍有提高。所制备的PDMS/陶瓷复合膜;在上述渗透汽化过程中表现出良好的稳定性和对乙醇的优先选择性;渗透通量和分离因子（醇/水）分别在4.5～4.7 kg·m^-2·h^-1、8.3～10.3之间。     

面向过程工业的陶瓷膜制备与应用进展

陶瓷膜具有优异的化学稳定性、机械稳定性及分离性能,在过程工业中获得了成功应用,成为我国膜领域中最有国际竞争力的膜品种之一。本文基于面向应用过程的膜材料设计的理论框架,系统概述了陶瓷膜的定量制备技术、面向应用体系的陶瓷膜选择与设计方法以及膜应用过程中污染控制的研究进展,并对未来我国陶瓷膜领域的发展态势进行了分析和研讨。     

Fabrication of in-situ polymerized UiO-66/PVDF supramolecular membranes with high anti-fouling performance

The composite membrane with the advantages of high separation efficiency and wide application, has been widely concerned in the field of water purification and molecular separation. However, the common composite membrane cannot achieve continuity, or the grafting process is complex, which significantly hinders its further development. In this work, the in-situ polymerization of UiO-66/PVDF supramolecular flat membranes as the continuous and high-performance composite membrane can be easily synthesized using the supramolecular force, (such as, hydrogen bond, etc.). These supramolecular membranes exhibit good hydrophilic (61°) and anti-fouling performance for bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution with rejection rate 97.79% than the original membrane. Moreover, this membrane can achieve more MOF doping based on maintaining the membrane performance, which undoubtedly greatly improves its hydrophilicity and mechanical properties. In addition, we also characterized the porous microstructure of the UiO-66/PVDF supramolecular membrane to analyze the influence of different doping amounts on the membrane structure. This supramolecular membrane has the advantages of simple synthesis, good hydrophilicity and water separation performance, which provides a more convenient and effective way for the preparation of MOFs/polymer flat membrane, and also provides a new method and new idea for expanding the application of MOFs/polymer ultrafiltration membrane in water treatment.