大型可展开天线与卫星的热致耦合动力学分析

以带有大型环形可展开天线的航天器为研究对象,采用有限元法,对大型可展开天线进行了在轨进出阴影区的瞬态温度求解;并基于卫星-天线刚柔耦合动力学模型,将时变温度场等效为时变热载荷加载到天线上,对整星系统的热致耦合动力学响应进行了数值模拟。结果表明,天线进出阴影期间,自身温度梯度主要存在于迎光侧与背光侧之间,并基于此可估算出天线的热响应特征时间;时变热载荷会导致天线结构和卫星姿态发生明显的振动响应,天线结构振动响应主要集中在第一、二阶固有模态上,卫星则会发生低频姿态振荡运动;该方法可以合理地预测大型可展开天线系统的热致耦合动力学响应。     

地球同步轨道卫星对地点波束天线在轨热分析

卫星在轨运行期间,卫星天线部件的温度会随着不断变化的外热流和辐射交换而变化。对温度变化敏感的部件如天线反射器在这种情况下易发生热致振动现象,从而影响其正常功能。对在轨运行的卫星天线所进行的热分析为卫星天线的热控设计和热致振动的预测提供了温度数据。首先建立某型号卫星天线系统的物理模型,然后利用UG-TMG软件对其进行在轨运行空间瞬态热分析,最后分析天线反射器的温度结果,为以后的热致振动研究提供参考和数据支持。     

热环境下某飞行器振动特性分析与模型修正

基于结构热振动理论,针对某型复合材料结构飞行器建立其热环境下结构动力学计算的有限元模型。对该结构进行结构动态特性分析,并结合地面常温的模态实验数据对该有限元模型进行优化。得到该结构常温下的振动特性及其受给定温度场影响的变化情况。针对该类复合材料结构建模及模型修正的方法,给出较为合理的优化方法及优化结果,对工程实际有一定的指导意义。     

计入热梯度的圆环结构热致振动分析

大型空间可展开结构通常是由梁、环等组成的周期性连续体结构,当进出地球阴影时受到热冲击而导致热致结构振动。针对支撑天线反射面的环形桁架结构,基于等效的空间圆环力学模型研究热致振动问题。建立热-结构耦合作用模型,采用加权余量法获得近似解。通过Routh-Hurwitz判据,获得太阳辐射引起的热致振动稳定域。采用Fourier温度单元与结构有限元结合的方法对圆环的热冲击响应进行了数值仿真和验证。     

基于涂层性能退化的卫星红外辐射灵敏度分析

由于卫星表面热控涂层在空间恶劣环境下发生性能退化,导致实际参数与设计参数发生偏差,而重复计算卫星温度场和红外辐射耗时非常大.本文首先根据地面模拟实验数据建立了热控涂层性能退化模型,然后在卫星温度场和表面红外辐射计算模型的基础上,推导了卫星表面节点温度灵敏度和红外辐射灵敏度的计算公式.结合具体的卫星模型和轨道参数,求解了卫星表面节点温度灵敏度和红外辐射灵敏度.结果表明,热控涂层性能退化造成的卫星红外辐射特性变化,可直接利用卫星红外辐射灵敏度来分析,避免了卫星温度场和空间红外辐射的重复计算.     

星载可展开网状天线的网面成形与防缠绕设计

由网状反射面和可展开桁架结构构成的大型可展开网状天线是卫星通讯的有效工具。系统介绍了星载可展开网状天线的网面成形设计,并提出了几种有效的网状天线防缠绕设计方案。根据这些设计方法,利用FORTRAN语言编制了抛物面索网的网格优化程序,并成功设计制造了两种不同网格形式的缩比天线模型,进行了初步试验分析,验证了防缠绕设计的有效性,从而能够为类似的可展开网状天线设计提供重要的参考依据。     

覆盖增强主动约束层阻尼的旋转轴向FGM梁的热抑振研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对空间柔性机械臂容易发生热致振动的问题,以中心刚体-旋转梁模型为研究对象,在柔性梁表面部分覆盖增强主动约束层阻尼,研究了系统受热载荷冲击作用下的振动控制问题。假设基梁为适用于温度场的功能梯度材料(Functionally Graded Materials,FGM)梁,且材料特性沿轴向梯度分布。基于刚-柔耦合建模理论对温度场中的旋转FGM梁进行动力学建模,采用数值分析方法研究了增强主动约束层阻尼贴片位置/覆盖率、温度、结构宽度以及中心刚体半径等参数对结构末端变形的影响,经过对比找到了对结构振动影响较大的几个因素,包括贴片位置、贴片覆盖率以及结构宽度,可根据研究结果对结构进行优化,从而达到振动抑制的目的。     

计及金属铰链的环形可展天线热-结构分析

空间热环境对环形可展天线在轨服役稳定性的影响很大，时刻变化着的热环境会造成天线温度的剧烈波动，从而导致天线结构的热变形，使得天线的形面精度恶化，影响天线电信号的传输甚至导致天线失效，因此有必要对天线进行热-结构分析。以环形可展天线为研究对象，考虑天线在轨服务环境中的各类因素（包括空间真空、空间低温、微重力和空间热源等），基于斯忒藩-玻尔兹曼定律和傅里叶热传导理论，利用有限元软件建立计及金属铰链的环形可展天线的热辐射-热传导分析模型，研究了环形可展天线的非均匀温度场；基于弹性热力学理论及有限元理论，建立计及与不计及金属铰链的环形可展天线的热变形分析模型，研究了非均匀温度场对环形可展天线形面精度和张力比的影响规律。研究结果表明：相较于不计及金属铰链的环形可展天线，计及金属铰链的环形可展天线的形面精度和张力比均发生恶化，其中形面精度变化值已达到毫米级。研究结果对同类型环形可展天线的热-结构分析有重要的借鉴意义，可为天线的结构设计提供参考。     

数传天线机电耦合建模及微振动特性仿真与试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

星载数传天线是航天器低频段微振动的主要扰振源,严重影响了遥感卫星成像质量。研究了一种以步进电机为驱动源的数传天线的微振动特性。通过线性化方法简化了步进电机的动力学方程,根据固定界面模态综合法建立了在柔性边界上步进电机驱动柔性负载的动力学模型,并给出了数传天线微振动的解析表达式。通过仿真和试验验证了上述微振动模型,分析了微振动的成因和影响因素。结果表明:试验和仿真得到的微振动频域峰值处的频率一致,幅值误差不超过9.41%&并且合理选择步进电机转速可有效降低数传天线的微振动。该模型可应用于在轨微振动预测、天线控制系统设计等领域。     

低轨道下运行的卫星-太阳帆板系统的刚-柔-热耦合动力学建模

传统地考虑热效应的卫星-太阳帆板动力学模型只考虑太阳直接辐射热流的影响,仅适用于高轨道运行的航天器。以低轨道下运行的卫星-太阳帆板系统为研究对象,提出了一种通用的分析其在宇宙空间各种热流作用下刚-柔-热耦合动力学特性的建模方法。考虑太阳帆板热变形、卫星的姿态运动和太阳帆板受到的各种辐射的热流密度之间的耦合关系,分别给出了太阳直接辐射热流、地球红外辐射热流以及地球反照辐射热流的计算公式。将系统视为中心刚体-悬臂梁模型,首先建立了悬臂梁的热传导方程,然后通过引入考虑热应变的应力-应变关系,用虚功原理建立了卫星-太阳帆板多体系统的考虑热效应的动力学方程,对热传导方程和动力学方程联立求解。对低轨道下运行的卫星-太阳帆板系统进行了数值仿真分析,分析了考虑地球红外辐射和地球反照辐射热流对热振动的影响,以及考虑刚-柔-热耦合效应对系统动力学特性的影响,并给出了系统热振动稳定时特征参数的范围。     

某高轨星载数传天线的振动分析

为了确保天线系统在发射阶段和入轨工作阶段的安全，对研制的某月球轨道小型星载数传天线进行了振动分析。通过有限元建模仿真方法对该高轨星载天线在发射阶段和入轨工作阶段的振动性能进行了分析和计算，并以此为根据对天线系统结构进行优化设计。进而，通过振动试验对天线系统进行了真实振动环境条件下的测试，结果表明天线系统结构安全。振动试验后对天线电气性能进行了复测，测试结果表明其电气性能稳定，由此验证了天线系统的可靠性和有限元分析的可信性。目前，该数传天线已随星发射并入轨运行，其各项性能指标稳定，工作状态良好。研究结果对提高相关星载天线的振动安全性具有一定的参考作用。     

空间热载荷作用下星载天线耦合动态影响分析

为了研究空间热载荷对星载天线刚柔耦合多体系统的扰动,根据抛物反射面几何特征,采用壳体单元有限元离散化法,并考虑壳体厚度方向上的温度变化,建立了有限元列式的热传导方程;引入与应变能有关的耦合项,利用拉格朗日法推导了星载天线系统的大范围刚柔耦合动力学方程,研究了温度载荷对星载天线多体系统的动力学特性影响。仿真结果表明:空间热效应引起了动态的温度载荷,与结构变形发生耦合,诱发耦合颤振,加剧柔性反射面的弹性振动,造成卫星姿态和天线指向的扰动,严重影响了星载天线的指向精度。结论对星载天线指向精度的分析与控制具有重要的理论价值及工程实际意义。     

Thermally-induced bending-torsion coupling vibration of large scale space structures

In this paper, a finite element scheme is developed to solve the problem of thermally-induced bending-torsion coupling vibration of large scale space structures, which are usually composed of thin-walled beams with open and closed cross-section. A two-noded finite element is proposed to analyze the transient temperature field over the longitudinal and circumferential direction of a beam. Since this temperature element can share the same mesh with the two-noded beam element of Euler–Bernoulli type, a unified finite element scheme is easily formulated to solve the thermal-structural coupling problem. This scheme is characterized with very strong nonlinear formulation, due to the consideration of the thermal radiation and the coupling effect between structural deformations and the incident normal heat flux. Moreover, because the warping is taken into account, not only the thermal axial force and thermal bending moments but also the thermal bi-moment are presented in the formulation. Consequently, the thermally-induced bending-torsion coupling vibration can be simulated. The performance of the proposed computational scheme is illustrated by the analysis of the well-known failure of Hubble space telescope solar arrays. The results reveal that the thermally-induced bending-torsion coupling vibration is obviously presented in that case and could be regarded as a cause of failure.     

Coupled structural-electromagnetic-thermal modelling and analysis of active phased array antennas

The electromagnetic performance of an active phased array antenna (APAA) is obviously degraded because of structural distortion caused by thermal power consumption and exterior load. The coupled structural-electromagnetic-thermal (SET) model of APAA is developed on the analysis of the phase difference of radiating elements in the aperture field caused by structural displacement including load-displacement and thermal distortion of structure. Based on the cascade coupled finite element analysis of antenna structure, thermal distortion and other structural distortions are obtained. The coupled SET model is verified by analysing the degradation of the electromagnetic performances of a planar hexagonal APAA operating under different temperature distributions and structural constraints.     

High performance 3D-analysis of thermo-mechanically loaded composite structures

This paper considers the analysis of composite structures, simultaneously loaded by mechanical and thermal loads, as often found in aerospace applications. Typically a thermal analysis providing the temperature field must precede the stress analysis, which has to account for thermal as well as for additional mechanical loads. Presently, thermal analyses are mostly carried out by finite difference methods or by 3D finite elements, whereas the stress analysis is usually performed by the use of shell elements. Thus, the temperature field has to be transferred from a finite difference or 3D finite element model to a shell finite element model. This process often requires lots of manual user interaction and can get very time consuming. The paper suggests an integrated analysis process which uses a shell finite element model throughout. Thermal lamination theories and related finite elements developed by the first author are used for the 3D thermal analysis. This leads to a reduction of the computing time by two orders of magnitude as compared to 3D finite elements whereas the accuracy of the results is nearly unaffected. The stress analysis is carried out using the same geometry model but with different mesh density. Interpolation between the different meshes can be accomplished automatically since both discretizations are defined on the same geometry. Standard shell elements based on the First order shear deformation theory (FSDT) provide the three in-plane stress components. A novel postprocessing scheme is adopted for determining all transverse stress components from the in-plane stresses and the temperature field. The postprocessing methodology is based on the extended 2D-method which utilizes the material law for transverse shear and the 3D equilibrium conditions. It is computationally very efficient and can be applied in conjunction with any standard finite element package. The interaction of thermal and stress analysis is demonstrated by the example of a composite wing box for a future large airliner.     

150MD24Z7.5高速电主轴多场耦合模型与动态性能预测

电主轴是机电一体化产品,充分考虑并预测其动态特性是机床主轴系统优化设计的前提。本文基于电主轴内部磁场、电场、温度场、结构场间的耦合关系,建立了150MD24Z7.5高速电主轴多场耦合有限元模型,通过电主轴电机电磁损耗及轴承摩擦生热计算,仿真电主轴温度场及结构场变化,讨论电主轴热态特性与振动特性之间耦合关系,分析电主轴温升热膨胀后气隙变化对振动特性的影响并通过实验加以验证。研究结果表明,电主轴温升形变对振动幅值影响较大,其中由气隙变化引起的电磁力幅值增加12.1%。利用该多场耦合模型可预测电主轴振动幅值,预测误差为10.2%。     

A study of the thermal behaviour of carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic structures in geosynchronous equatorial orbit

A detailed examination has been undertaken of the thermal response of a carbon fibre composite tubular truss member during passage through the earth's umbral region in geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO), using finite difference (FD) and finite element (FE) techniques. Results from this analysis have then been used in a second FD and FE analysis of the thermal behaviour in GEO of a carbon fibre composite space structure, comprising a tetrahedral truss of 21 tubular members connected at nine cluster node joints. From these analyses it has been possible to determine the temperature distributions in the structures in orbit and it is found that the most severe thermal loading conditions are established on exit from the earth's shadow in each orbit. Parametric studies indicate that a material tailored for use in an orbital environment should possess large heat capacity and thermal conductivity, coupled with low surface absorptivity and large surface emissivity, and have near-zero coefficient of thermal expansion across the operating temperature range of the spacecraft.     

雪崩光电二极管高精度三维微调架结构设计与分析

通过利用计算机软件实体建模及有限元分析和测试实验的方法,为某卫星激光测距系统的雪崩光电二极管接收器设计了新型结构的高精度三维微调架.首先,使用UG软件进行三维实体建模;然后,利用有限元分析软件MSC.Patran对微调架模型进行静力分析和模态分析;最后,对微调架实物进行振动和精度测试实验.实验结果和有限元分析结果较为吻合,验证了有限元分析的可靠性.软件设计及分析和测试实验的结果表明微调架的设计满足预期的设计要求,能够实现对雪崩二极管的精密调整,使其正常工作.