聚苯胺及其衍生物在杀菌防污领域的应用进展

抗菌剂在涂料、膜、生物智能材料等材料表面的防污领域有着极其重要的应用价值。随着环保意识的增强,长效、环境友好型的抗菌剂成为当前研究的主流。其中,聚苯胺由于其良好的生物相容性和物理化学性能,是一种极具潜力的抗菌剂。聚苯胺的抗菌机理可由自身的氧化还原活性、阳离子吸附效应及电化学活性3方面分析。概括了聚苯胺及其衍生物的结构及制备方法;进一步从杀菌防污机理出发,综述了聚苯胺及其衍生复合材料在不同防污材料中应用的研究进展,包括在接触杀菌型表面、释放杀菌型表面、抗黏附型表面3种类型的材料中的应用。此外,提出了聚苯胺在防污应用中需进一步解决的问题及发展方向。     

光催化型金属氧化物抗菌剂的研究进展

随着人们对健康的重视程度越来越高，尤其是近几年受到新冠疫情的冲击，抗菌材料的研究和应用逐渐成为研究的热点。在材料中添加抗菌剂是最常见、最简便有效的加工方法。抗菌剂的活性对抗菌材料的效果和使用产生很大的影响。光催化型金属氧化物抗菌剂具有抗菌效果高、持效性强等优势。本文阐述了光催化型金属氧化物抗菌剂的抗菌机理、种类及应用，重点介绍了无机抗菌剂中的金属氧化物及掺杂型金属氧化物光催化抗菌剂的研究现状及目前存在的问题，展望了未来光催化型金属氧化物抗菌剂的应用前景和研究方向。     

防污抗菌材料的设计合成与应用研究进展

介绍了单一的防污或者抗菌策略,并分析了其优缺点;叙述了防污聚合物聚乙二醇和聚两性离子分别与杀菌物质结合所取得的最新研究成果,评述了生物启发的表面微纳米结构在防污抗菌中的应用前景.认为将防污和抗菌两种策略有效结合,可实现材料表面对细菌的主动和被动防御,获得更为优异的防污抗菌性能;将仿生结构与化学成分相结合可实现防污抗菌性...     

酶型生物改性抗菌材料的研究进展

细菌微生物感染是食品、药品、生物医疗等研究领域亟待解决的难题。抗生素的出现缓解了人们对抗菌材料的需求,但也导致耐药细菌的产生。因此,开发具有抗菌活性强、生物安全性高的天然抗菌剂和抗菌材料非常有意义。目前,抗菌酶在医疗机械、食品、药品、化妆品等领域具有广泛的应用前景,用于对抗微生物和生物膜的形成具有研究意义。该文综述了几种常见的酶型生物改性抗菌材料用的抗菌酶和抗菌酶系统,以及将抗菌酶与材料结合得到的酶型释放杀菌材料和酶型接触杀菌材料的研究进展,并对酶型生物改性抗菌材料的未来研究方向进行了总结和展望。     

不同酸掺杂聚苯胺防污添加剂的制备及其在防污涂料中的应用

通过化学氧化合成法制备了分别以盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、十二烷基苯磺酸和单宁酸掺杂的聚苯胺材料(PANI-HCl、PANIH2SO4、PANI-H_3PO_4、PANI-DBSA和PANI-TA),通过红外光谱仪、紫外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪及扫描电镜对它们的结构与形貌进行了表征。以聚苯胺材料作为防污添加剂,与丙烯酸树脂制成涂料并在玻璃板上刷涂防污涂层。用在室内藻液中挂板7 d的试验研究了酸掺杂聚苯胺涂层对海洋污损生物的抑制作用。结果表明,PANI-DBSA涂层有最优的抑藻作用,抑藻率达到51.74%。有机酸掺杂聚苯胺涂层表现出优于无机酸掺杂聚苯胺涂层的抑藻效果。     

天然生物防污涂料技术及应用

多种天然生物都具有良好的防污功能,将这些天然生物的防污活性物质应用于防污涂料中．为无毒防污涂料的研究提供了新的发展方向。通过介绍海洋／陆生植物、海洋动物、海洋微生物类等天然生物防污涂料技术的作用机理,对今后生物防污技术的研究,应用及发展趋势进行了展望。     

新型海洋防污涂料用防污剂及树脂的研究进展

防污剂和树脂是决定海洋防污涂料性能的关键成分。本文综述了近年来用于新型海洋防污涂料的天然产物防污剂和人工合成防污剂的研究进展;进一步从防污机理出发,总结了用于新型海洋防污涂料的基体树脂的种类,介绍了无锡自抛光树脂、生物可降解树脂、含杀菌官能团树脂、低表面能树脂和具有微相分离结构的树脂。此外,还展望了新型海洋防污涂料的未来发展方向,即环境友好的同时注重方式友好。     

表面植绒海洋防污技术的原理及研究进展

从植绒制备工艺以及表面植绒防污技术的防污原理和特点等方面介绍了一种表面植绒海洋防污技术,该技术是一种环境友好型的海洋防污技术。不同于传统的毒杀式防污措施会对海洋环境造成严重的危害。从表面植绒防污技术中绒毛参数对防污性能的影响和植绒防污材料的防污性能两个方面,对植绒防污技术的研究进展进行了系统的概述,分析了该技术在实际使用中有待进一步解决的问题,并展望了表面植绒海洋防污技术的应用前景。     

水溶性聚苯胺合成及聚苯胺在防腐领域的应用

介绍了聚苯胺的结构,主要讨论了水溶性聚苯胺的3种合成方法,及聚苯胺在防腐领域的研究及发展,阐述了聚苯胺的防腐机理和聚苯胺防腐涂层的应用,并对其前景进行展望,认为水溶性聚苯胺的合成研究及其缓蚀理论分析还需进一步深入地开展研究。     

抗菌聚氨酯材料的研究进展

聚氨酯材料以其优异的性能在生物医用领域获得了广泛的应用,但实际应用中对其表面抗菌性能的要求越来越高,为此,诸多学者致力于研究和开发具有优异性能的抗菌聚氨酯材料。本文总结了近年来国内外学者在抗菌聚氨酯材料方面的研究情况,举例介绍了物理改性、化学改性和复合改性等在聚氨酯中引入抗菌剂的方法,重点阐述了无机抗菌剂、有机合成抗菌剂和天然抗菌剂的抗菌机理,对各类抗菌剂在聚氨酯抗菌改性方面的应用进行了梳理,并对抗菌聚氨酯材料的研究方向和关注热点提出了展望。     

聚苯胺及其衍生物在防腐领域中的应用进展

概述了聚苯胺的结构、性质及其防腐机理。聚苯胺主要通过其屏蔽作用在金属表面促进形成钝化层和提高金属氧化电位,降低金属材料的腐蚀速度。因此,聚苯胺经常被用做缓蚀剂、聚苯胺防腐涂层和防腐涂层的添加剂。相较于缓蚀剂与聚苯胺涂层,聚苯胺复合涂层具有优异的防腐性能。综述了近年来聚苯胺及其衍生物在防腐领域的进展,提出了聚苯胺在防腐应用中需进一步解决的问题。     

Preparation and characterization of a novel conducting nanocomposite blended with epoxy coating for antifouling and antibacterial applications

In this study, novel epoxy-based paint was synthesized to be applied on carbon steel. The composition of the paint mainly contains epoxy mixed with an electronically conductive polymer, polyaniline (PANI), alone and combined with its nanocomposite derivation containing ZnO nanorods as an additive. The antifouling properties of the paint applied on carbon steel were investigated. The conductive nanocomposite was synthesized by an in situ chemical oxidative method of aniline in the presence of ZnO nanorods and then well characterized. The antifouling behavior was evaluated for 9 months in the Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf. Results revealed that epoxy/PANI–ZnO nanocomposite coating can prevent accumulation of marine macroorganisms on the coated panel. In addition, the epoxy coating comprising PANI–ZnO nanocomposite as well as the epoxy/ZnO coating exhibit significant antibacterial characteristics against (E. coli and S. epi). We interpret the antifouling and antibacterial behavior of the paint with (i) the presence of emeraldine salt structure in PANI which develops a surface pH in a range of 4–5 preventing the adhesion of microorganisms on the surface and (ii) the antibacterial and antifouling properties of zinc oxide nanorods that occurred by the production of hydrogen peroxide on the surface of the coating.     

Preparation and electroactivity of polyaniline/poly(acrylic acid) film electrodes modified by platinum microparticles

The preparation and properties of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-doped polyaniline (PANI) film electrodes further modified by electrodeposition of platinum particles were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and in situ conductivity measurement. The PANI/PAA film exhibits a better electroactivity and higher stability, even in solutions of lower acidity, although its polymerization rate is decreased three-fold compared to that of PANI. The conductivity of the PANI/PAA film increases by a factor of two compared to that of PANI. The effects of the carboxylic acid groups of PAA in the PANI matrix on the performance of the film are discussed. The electrocatalytic activity of PANI/PAA/Pt for reduction of hydrogen and oxidation of MeOH is higher than that of PANI modified with Pt particles alone. Characterization of the electrodes by SEM shows the platinum modification procedure yields roughly spherical catalyst particles 0.51mum in diameter dispersed throughout the polyaniline.     

Preparation and electroactivity of polyaniline/poly(acrylic acid) film electrodes modified by platinum microparticles

The preparation and properties of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-doped polyaniline (PANI) film electrodes further modified by electrodeposition of platinum particles were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and in situ conductivity measurement. The PANI/PAA film exhibits a better electroactivity and higher stability, even in solutions of lower acidity, although its polymerization rate is decreased three-fold compared to that of PANI. The conductivity of the PANI/PAA film increases by a factor of two compared to that of PANI. The effects of the carboxylic acid groups of PAA in the PANI matrix on the performance of the film are discussed. The electrocatalytic activity of PANI/PAA/Pt for reduction of hydrogen and oxidation of MeOH is higher than that of PANI modified with Pt particles alone. Characterization of the electrodes by SEM shows the platinum modification procedure yields roughly spherical catalyst particles 0.51mum in diameter dispersed throughout the polyaniline.     

High corrosion protection of a polyaniline/organophilic montmorillonite coating for magnesium alloys

Epoxy coatings containing polyaniline (PANI) and polyaniline/organophilic montmorillonite (PANI/OMMT) powders were prepared on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy. The corrosion performance of the coatings was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and open-circuit potential analysis in 3.5% NaCl. The results indicate that the PANI/OMMT coating retained its high corrosion protection for AZ91D magnesium alloy after 6000 h of immersion. The protective mechanism conferred by the PANI/OMMT coating was also discussed. The effects of oxygen on the protective mechanism of PANI were evaluated by EIS measurements in a 3.5% deaerated NaCl solution.     

Self-doped sulfonated polyaniline ultrafiltration membranes with enhanced chlorine resistance and antifouling properties

Membranes heavily rely on chlorination to diminish (bio)fouling, but chlorination can also lead to membrane degradation. We developed sulfonated polyaniline (S-PANI) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with improved chlorine resistance and intrinsic antifouling properties. The S-PANI membranes were synthesized through Non-solvent Induced Phase Separation (NIPS). Membrane performance was evaluated under harsh chlorine conditions (250 ppm sodium hypochlorite for 3 days under different pH conditions). The S-PANI membranes showed improved chlorine resistance including a stable performance without changes in model foulant BSA rejection. In contrast, PANI membranes suffered critical structural damage with complete leakage and commercial PES membranes showed a 76% increase in pure water flux and a noticeable change in BSA rejection. Small changes in S-PANI membrane performance could be linked to membrane structural changes with pH, as confirmed by SEM, IR spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. Additionally, the S-PANI membranes showed better antifouling properties with a high flux recovery ratio in comparison to PANI membranes using alginic acid, humic acid, and BSA model foulants. Chemical cleaning by sodium hypochlorite re-instated the transport properties to its initial condition. Overall, the developed S-PANI membranes have a high chlorine tolerance and enhanced antifouling properties making them promising for a range of UF membrane applications.     

Synthesis of polyaniline using horseradish peroxidase immobilized on plasma‐functionalized polyethylene surfaces as initiator

The doping of semiconducting conjugated polymers (e.g., polyaniline, PANI) can result in the elimination of the bandgap, leading to high electrical conductivities (comparable to metals). Doped PANI is totally insoluble and thus nonprocessable, which considerably limits its practical applications. Synthesis of PANI using immobilized horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a catalyst in aqueous solutions can open up additional possibilities for applications through the direct synthesis of controlled‐thickness PANI layers on various substrate surfaces. The RF plasma‐enhanced surface functionalization of polyethylene and the covalent immobilization of HRP are discussed, and the polymerization of aniline initiated by immobilized HRP is presented. The nature of plasma‐grafted surface functionalities on the substrate surfaces and the formation of PANI are demonstrated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. The molecular weight distribution of PANI is evaluated with gel permeation chromatography, and the activity of the immobilized enzyme is monitored using UV spectroscopy. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 369–379, 2003     

聚苯胺/聚乳酸复合纳米纤维表面形貌对生物相容性的影响

外加电场作用下聚苯胺能够调节细胞附着、增殖、迁移和分化,在体液环境下发生脱掺杂会使聚苯胺基导电可降解纳米纤维电活性减弱,但在一定程度上仍能促进细胞的黏附、生长和增殖。本文选择酒石酸作为聚苯胺在等离子体处理后的聚乳酸纳米纤维表面原位聚合过程中的酸掺杂剂,考察酒石酸与苯胺摩尔比分别在1∶1, 1∶2和1∶4下不同形貌的聚苯胺/聚乳酸复合纳米纤维对生物相容性的影响。采用SEM、TEM和FTIR表征聚苯胺形貌及化学成分,接触角评价其润湿性,MTT、ALP和免疫荧光染色评价聚苯胺/聚乳酸复合纳米纤维生物相容性。结果表明,酒石酸与苯胺摩尔比在1∶1、1∶2和1∶4下的聚苯胺形貌分别为纳米颗粒状、纳米纤维状和纳米空心管状,聚苯胺附着在聚乳酸纳米纤维表面,不会对静电纺丝的多孔结构基体产生影响;聚苯胺/聚乳酸复合纳米纤维表面润湿性良好,有助于细胞的黏附和生长;纳米纤维状的聚苯胺对生物相容性的增强效果明显优于纳米颗粒状聚苯胺,而纳米空心管状结构的聚苯胺对生物相容性增强作用更佳。     

Single-walled carbon nanotubes and their composites with polyaniline. Structure, catalytic and capacitive properties as applied to fuel cells and supercapacitors

The structure and hydrophilic–hydrophobic properties of SWCNTs before and after oxidative functionalization were studied by standard porosimetry method. The correlation between the values of specific surface of hydrophilic and hydrophobic pores for the two types of SWCNTs is discussed. The capacity properties of SWCNTs and their composites with polyaniline were also investigated. The composite layer is shown to have exceptionally high capacitance that is due to the large surface area of the former, as well as to the proceeding of the reversible faradaic reaction of counter ions intercalation into PANI. The structure and electrocatalytic properties of platinum metals incorporated by various methods into support of SWCNTs and their composites with PANI were studied. Kinetics of the reactions proceeding in DMFC and the mechanism of catalytic influence of the support are discussed. The structure of the catalytic layer is shown to be the main factor that determines the overall catalytic activity.     

On the structural and optical properties of gold–polyaniline nanocomposite synthesized via a novel route

Gold nanoparticle embedded polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by in situ oxidative polymerization of monomer aniline. X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform IR techniques were used to establish the structure of the gold–PANI composite. UV–visible absorption studies have shown that, along with the normal absorption peak of polyaniline, the composite has an absorption peak characterized by surface plasmon resonance. The presence of surface plasmon resonance is a signature of the nano size of the gold particles embedded in the PANI. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) has revealed the elemental composition of the composite sample quantitatively. Raman spectroscopy studies have strengthened the presence of plasmon resonance. Single‐beam Z‐scan results confirm the third‐order optical nonlinearity associated with the nanocomposite. The present investigations show that gold nanoparticle embedded PANI composite can be of potential application in the fields of both linear and nonlinear optics. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry