合成碳酸二甲酯ZnO-Al2O3催化剂研究

在Al₂O₃载体上涂覆活性组分DMC11,采用浸渍法制备负载型ZnO-Al₂O₃催化剂,采用间歇式催化剂评价装置考察催化剂活性组分涂覆量、焙烧温度、反应温度和n(甲醇)∶n(尿素)对催化剂性能的影响。在焙烧温度700 ℃和活性组分涂覆质量分数50%~60%的最佳制备条件下,制得的催化剂堆积密度1.15 g·mL^-1,比表面积85.3 m²·g^-1,孔体积0.20 m³·g^-1,孔径10 nm。在反应温度175 ℃、反应压力0.8 MPa和n(甲醇)∶n(尿素)≈35∶1条件下,碳酸二甲酯单程收率为15%。     

Na/SiO2新型固体碱催化制备生物柴油的研究

以NaOH、正硅酸乙酯和乙醇为原料,经溶胶-凝胶法制备新型固体碱催化剂（Na/SiO₂）,用于催化大豆油与甲醇的酯交换反应制备生物柴油,研究催化剂焙烧温度、n(NaOH)∶n(SiO₂)、n(甲醇)∶n(大豆油)、催化剂用量和反应时间对产率的影响以及催化剂的稳定性。结果表明,固体碱催化剂Na/SiO₂在大豆油与甲醇的酯交换反应中具有较高的催化活性,在催化剂焙烧温度600 ℃、n(NaOH)∶n(SiO₂)=2∶1、n(甲醇)∶n(大豆油)=15∶1、催化剂用量为大豆油质量的7%和反应时间3 h的条件下,脂肪酸甲酯产率可达97.42%,催化剂在稳定性试验中呈现出优良的稳定性。     

合成甲基异丙基酮和二乙基酮的Na-Pd/ZrO2-MnOx-ZnO催化剂的制备与表征

考察了催化剂组成、还原温度和反应条件对Na Pd/ZrO2 MnOx ZnO催化剂性能的影响,并用BET、XRD和NH3 TPD、CO2 TPD等技术对催化剂进行了表征。研究表明,用此方法制备的ZrO2 无晶相衍射峰,是无定型的。当n(Zr)∶n(Mn)∶n(Zn) =2 0∶(0 2~0 5)∶1 0时,既无明显的ZnO晶相衍射峰,也无明显的MnOx晶相衍射峰,ZrO2、MnOx、ZnO生成固溶体,并引起平均孔径增大和比表面积减小。ZrO2、MnOx、ZnO生成固溶体的孔径较大的催化剂具有更高的活性。x(Pd) =0 25%、x(Na) =0 29%、n(Zr)∶n(Mn)∶n(Zn) =2 0∶(0 2~0 5)∶1 0的催化剂,在常压、温度643K、原料液相空速1 0h-1条件下,甲基乙基酮的转化率达39 6%,甲基异丙基酮和二乙基酮的选择性分别为45 5%、32 2%。     

合成氯乙烯低汞催化剂制备

采用不同工艺条件制备氯乙烯低汞催化剂,利用固定床反应器对催化剂进行活性评价,筛选转化率和选择性较高的催化剂制备条件。结果表明,与等体积浸渍法相比,由于过饱和浸渍法制得的催化剂负载更多的Hg Cl2,在反应前期,催化剂活性较低,随着反应时间的延长,催化剂被完全激活,活性超过等体积浸渍法制备的催化剂。浸渍时间、水浴温度和溶液p H均影响活性炭对Hg Cl2的吸附量,在浸渍时间6 h、水浴温度60℃和p H=1条件下,控制Hg Cl2质量分数为5.35%,120℃干燥20 h制备的催化剂具有较理想的活性。复合助剂的加入有助于提高催化剂活性与热稳定性,当n(Hg Cl2)∶n(Ce Cl3)∶n(KCl)=1∶1∶1时拥有更高活性,添加更多助剂堵塞活性炭孔道,降低催化剂活性。     

Mn-Co-Fe/TiO_2催化剂的制备及其低温脱硝性能的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Mn-Co-Fe/TiO_2低温SCR催化剂,考察了锰前驱体种类、负载量、活性组分配比、焙烧温度等因素对催化剂低温脱硝性能的影响,并探讨了H2O,SO2对Mn-Co-Fe/TiO_2活性的影响,通过XRD、BET等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明:以硝酸锰为锰的前驱体、负载量(质量分数)为20%,n(Mn)∶n(Co)∶n(Fe)=4∶1∶0.7,焙烧温度为500℃的条件下,NO转化率达到97%以上。Mn-Co-Fe/TiO_2催化剂具有较大的比表面积,载体以锐钛型TiO_2晶型存在,活性组分保持无定形的结构,表现出良好的低温脱硝活性。Mn-Co-Fe/TiO_2在反应温度为160℃时,H2O的存在对催化剂的脱硝活性几乎没有影响;通入H2O、SO2后的120 min内,活性仅下降4%;单独通入SO2后,催化剂中毒程度较深。该催化剂有望应用于基本不含SO2的烟气低温脱硝以及不含SO2的硝酸尾气等NOX工业废气的低温净化。     

采用HTLcs前驱体制备的丙酮一步法制MIBK催化剂

采用共沉淀法制备Cu Mg A1三元类水滑石,进而煅烧得到CuO MgO Al2O3催化剂用于丙酮加氢一步合成甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)反应。研究了催化剂活性组分配比及反应条件对转化率和选择性的影响,经筛选得到催化剂体系的最佳组成为:n(Cu)∶n(Mg)∶n(Al)=4∶16∶10,适宜的反应条件为:温度240℃,n(H2)∶n(丙酮)=2.5,液空速为4.8mL/h·g,在该条件下丙酮转化率达73.88%,MIBK选择性达55.23%。     

Mo/P-SiO_2催化合成丙酮酸乙酯的研究

用浸渍法制备Mo/P-Si O2固体酸催化剂,用X射线衍射、红外光谱、NH3程序升温脱附等方法对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,催化剂具有较好的稳定性和酸性,活性组分能较好的分布于载体Si O2上。在催化合成丙酮酸乙酯的反应中具有较高的活性。当n(Mo)∶n(P)=2∶1,焙烧温度为450℃时,催化剂活性较好。当反应温度为25℃,反应时间为4 h,催化剂的质量分数为3.6%时,丙酮酸乙酯收率达72%。     

CuO-ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂对醋酸甲酯催化加氢制乙醇的研究

采用并流共沉淀法制备了醋酸甲酯催化加氢合成乙醇的CuO-ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂,并通过N_2物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表征手段分析了催化剂的物理化学特性,探究加料方式、铜锌铝的配比对催化剂结构的影响与催化剂活性之间的关系。结果表明,加料方式为并流、铜锌铝的配比为5∶2∶1时,催化剂前驱体的架构最为规整,焙烧后得到的CuO颗粒较小,且分散最为均匀,具有较多且分散的活性组分,表现出了最优的加氢性能。在反应温度220℃,反应压力3.0MPa,质量液时空速0.5h-1和氢酯物质的量比9的条件下,醋酸甲酯的转化率达到97.6%,乙醇的选择性高达97.5%。     

CuO-ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂对醋酸甲酯催化加氢制乙醇的研究

采用并流共沉淀法制备了醋酸甲酯催化加氢合成乙醇的CuO-ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂,并通过N_2物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表征手段分析了催化剂的物理化学特性,探究加料方式、铜锌铝的配比对催化剂结构的影响与催化剂活性之间的关系。结果表明,加料方式为并流、铜锌铝的配比为5∶2∶1时,催化剂前驱体的架构最为规整,焙烧后得到的CuO颗粒较小,且分散最为均匀,具有较多且分散的活性组分,表现出了最优的加氢性能。在反应温度220℃,反应压力3.0MPa,质量液时空速0.5h-1和氢酯物质的量比9的条件下,醋酸甲酯的转化率达到97.6%,乙醇的选择性高达97.5%。     

填料型La2O3/Al2O3-Al催化剂的制备及其催化性能

以n水硝酸镧[La(NO3)3·n H2O]为原料,阳极氧化铝(Al2O3-Al)为载体,采用水热合成法将活性组分负载在Al2O3-Al上,制备了填料型固体碱催化精馏元件La2O3/Al2O3-Al,以丙酮缩合制备二丙酮醇为探针反应,考察了制备条件对催化剂性能的影响。采用XRD、SEM对催化剂的性能进行了表征。结果表明,活性组分La2O3均匀分散在载体Al2O3-Al表面上。当La(NO3)3·n H2O与氨水(NH3·H2O)的摩尔比为1∶8,油浴温度为160℃,油浴时间10 h,N2保护下焙烧温度为550℃,焙烧时间为2 h时,催化剂的活性最高,此时丙酮转化率为4.1%,二丙酮醇选择性98%。     

TiO2-SiO2 and V2O5/TiO2-SiO2 catalyst: Physico-chemical characteristics and catalytic behavior in selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3

TiO₂-SiO₂ with various compositions prepared by the coprecipitation method and vanadia loaded on TiO₂-SiO₂ were investigated with respect to their physico-chemical characteristics and catalytic behavior in SCR of NO by NH₃ and in the undesired oxidation of SO₂ to SO₃, using BET, XRD, XPS, NH₃-TPD, acidity measurement by the titration method and activity test. TiO₂-SiO₂, compared with pure TiO₂, exhibits a remarkably stronger acidity, a higher BET surface area, a lower crystallinity of anatase titania and results in allowing a good thermal stability and a higher vanadia dispersion on the support up to high loadings of 15 wt% V₂O₅. The SCR activity and N₂ selectivity are found to be more excellent over vanadia loaded on TiO₂-SiO₂ with 10–20 mol% of SiO₂ than over that on pure TiO₂, and this is considered to be associated with highly dispersed vanadia on the supports and large amounts of NH₃ adsorbed on the catalysts. With increasing SiO₂ content, the remarkable activity decrease in the oxidation of SO₂ to SO₃, favorable for industrial SCR catalysts, was also observed, strongly depending on the existence of vanadium species of the oxidation state close to V⁴⁺ on TiO₂-SiO₂, while V⁵⁺ exists on TiO₂, according to XPS. It is concluded that vanadia loaded on Ti-rich TiO₂-SiO₂ with low SiO₂ content is suitable as SCR catalysts for sulfur-containing exhaust gases due to showing not only the excellent de-NO_x activity but also the low SO₂ oxidation performance.     

负载型钴锰复合金属氧化物催化剂催化分解N_2O

以ZrO_2为载体,采用浸渍法制备负载型钴锰复合金属氧化物催化剂,研究催化剂活性组分负载量、Co与Mn物质的量比、焙烧条件及含H_2O气氛对N_2O转化率的影响。结果表明,催化剂最佳制备条件为:活性组分Co负载质量分数3%,Co与Mn物质的量比为1∶1,焙烧升温速率2℃·min-1,焙烧温度900℃。该条件制备的负载型钴锰复合金属氧化物催化剂在反应温度850℃时,N_2O转化率达98.7%。当反应气氛中H_2O体积分数小于20%条件下,850℃时N_2O转化率高于90%,表明催化剂具有较强的抗水性能。     

TiO_2-SiO_2复合氧化物载体的pH值和焙烧温度对催化剂的辛烷异构化性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO_2-SiO_2复合氧化物载体,通过超声浸渍法制备Ni O和WO3改性负载的Ni O-WO3/TiO_2-SiO_2催化剂,考察不同p H值和焙烧温度条件下制备的载体对催化剂辛烷异构化性能的影响。结果表明,制备的Ni O-WO3/TiO_2-SiO_2催化剂呈多孔结构,平均孔径约5 nm,平均晶粒尺寸(10~20)nm。以焙烧温度500℃和p H=2条件下制备的TiO_2-SiO_2为载体,制得的催化剂比表面积达322.51 m2·g-1,在辛烷异构化反应中,正辛烷转化率为28.3%,选择性85.1%。     

新型纳米SO42-/TiO2催化剂制备及催化合成醋酸丁酯

采用高压水热法合成纳米锐钛矿相TiO₂前驱体,通过H₂SO₄溶液浸渍制备系列新型SO₄^2-/TiO₂催化剂,采用XRD、TG-DTG和TEM对其结构和形貌进行表征,并用于催化醋酸与正丁醇的酯化反应,考察H₂SO₄溶液浓度、浸渍时间和反应时间对酯化率的影响。结果表明,在H₂SO₄浓度1 mol·L^-1、浸渍时间12 h和反应时间180 min条件下,酯化率高达99.2%,催化剂具有优异的催化性能和较佳的重复使用性。     

The CO–H2 and CO–H2O reactions over TiO2 nanotubes filled with Pt metal nanoparticles

We have investigated the catalytic behavior of Pt encapsulated TiO₂ nanotubes for the water gas shift reaction as well as the hydrogenation of CO. Pt–TiO₂ nanotube catalysts were prepared by employing fine fiber shaped crystals of [Pt(NH₃)₄](HCO₃)₂ complex as a structure determining template material. The turnover frequencies (TOF) of these nanotube catalysts were more than one order of magnitude larger than conventional impregnation Pt/TiO₂ catalysts, and the selectivity for methanol in CO–H₂ reaction was extraordinary high compared to the impregnation catalysts. The XPS and XRD analyses of the nanotubes revealed characteristic electronic state of reduced TiO₂ (Ti³⁺ in rutile structure) with zerovalent Pt even after the calcination at 773 K. In WGS reaction, electron rich Ti³⁺ on the nanotube wall may play an important role to activate water molecules for the oxidation of CO. In CO–H₂ reaction, similar promotion effect of Ti³⁺ species may be operating for selective methanol formation by supplying active OH(a).     

Catalytic reduction of NO by CO over NiO/CeO2 catalyst in stoichiometric NO/CO and NO/CO/O2 reaction

A new catalyst composed of nickel oxide and cerium oxide was studied with respect to its activity for NO reduction by CO under stoichiometric conditions in the absence as well as the presence of oxygen. Activity measurements of the NO/CO reaction were also conducted over NiO/γ-Al₂O₃, NiO/TiO₂, and NiO/CeO₂ catalysts for comparison purposes. The results showed that the conversion of NO and CO are dependent on the nature of supports, and the catalysts decreased in activity in the order of NiO/CeO₂ > NiO/γ-Al₂O₃ > NiO/TiO₂. Three kinds of CeO₂ were prepared and used as support for NiO. They are the CeO₂ prepared by (i) homogeneous precipitation (HP), (ii) precipitation (PC), and (iii) direct decomposition (DP) method. We found that the NiO/CeO₂(HP) catalyst was the most active, and complete conversion of NO and CO occurred at 210 °C at a space velocity of 120,000 h⁻¹. Based on the results of surface analysis, a reaction model for NO/CO interaction over NiO/CeO₂ has been proposed: (i) CO reduces surface oxygen to create vacant sites; (ii) on the vacant sites, NO dissociates to produce N₂; and (iii) the oxygen originated from NO dissociation is removed by CO.     

硅藻土负载TiO_2光催化剂的制备及其应用

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,多孔硅藻土为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备硅藻土负载TiO_2光催化剂。通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR和N2吸附-脱附等对其形貌、表面组成及晶体结构进行表征。以1μg·m L-1氨氮废水溶液为目标降解物,太阳光为光源,研究硅藻土负载TiO_2催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明,采用500℃焙烧3 h的硅藻土负载TiO_2光催化剂,光照180 min,对氨氮的去除率为78.5%。     

Preparation of Au/TiO2 catalysts from Au(I)–thiosulfate complex and study of their photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange

Gold loaded on TiO₂ (Au/TiO₂) catalysts were prepared using Au(I)–thiosulfate complex (Au(S₂O₃)₂³⁻) as the gold precursor for the first time. The samples were characterized by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic absorption flame emission spectroscopy (AAS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. Using Au(S₂O₃)₂³⁻ as gold precursor, ultra-fine gold nanoparticles with a highly disperse state can be successfully formed on the surface of TiO₂. The diameter of Au nanoparticles increases from 1.8 to 3.0 nm with increasing the nominal Au loading from 1% to 8%. The photocatalytic activity of Au/TiO₂ catalysts was evaluated from the analysis of the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO). With the similar Au loading, the catalysts prepared with Au(S₂O₃)₂³⁻ precursor exhibit higher photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degradation when compared with the Au/TiO₂ catalysts prepared with the methods of deposition–precipitation (DP) and impregnation (IMP). The preparation method has decisive influences on the morphology, size and number of Au nanoparticles loaded on the surface of TiO₂ and further affects the photocatalytic activity of the obtained catalysts.     

柠檬酸引入方式对CoMo/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用改进溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO_2-Al_2O_3作复合载体,制备不同柠檬酸引入方式改性的CoMo/TiO_2-Al_2O_3加氢脱硫催化剂。利用低温N_2吸附-脱附、XRD、SEM和H_2-TPR等对催化剂进行表征,并采用固定床反应器对催化剂加氢脱硫性能进行评价。结果表明,后处理法制备的催化剂比表面积相对较大,孔道结构较好,活性金属组分以无定形形态均匀分散在载体表面,一定程度上减弱了其与载体间的相互作用;该催化剂可以延缓Co硫化,并且络合生成较多易于硫化还原的Mo物种,利于MoS_2在催化剂表面的堆叠,生成更多的Co-Mo-S(Ⅱ)活性相,因而相应的CoMo催化剂对噻吩加氢脱硫转化率显著提高。     

Co-Mo/TiO2-Al2O3废润滑油加氢精制催化剂研究

制备Co-Mo/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂并用于废润滑油加氢精制.结果表明,在反应温度340℃、反应压力7.0 MPa、体积空速1.2 h-1、氢油体积比600:1的反应条件下,加氢精制油品的粘度指数提高了21,S含量14.4μg·g-1,N含量8.0μg·g-1,Cl含量<0.1μg·g-1,色度0.4,收率96.5...