β成核剂与无机填料对聚丙烯力学性能的影响

无机填料可以提高聚丙烯的刚性、硬度、抗化学性、尺寸稳定性和气体阻隔性,同时减少聚合物的用量,降低产品成本。滑石粉和碳酸钙是聚丙烯复合材料中大量使用的两种填料。主要研究β成核剂和无机填料对聚丙烯成核效应的协同作用,考察经β成核剂FB-1分别与无机填料滑石粉和碳酸钙共同改性的聚丙烯力学性能。     

α、β成核剂复配对聚丙烯性能的影响

对5种α成核剂以及稀土β成核剂的成核能力进行了评价，考察了单独添加α、β成核剂聚丙烯（PP）性能的差异，详细讨论了α、β成核剂复配对PP微观结构、力学性能及熔融行为的影响。结果表明，添加α、β复配成核剂PP的性能与复配成核剂中α成核剂诱导α晶型的成核能力密切相关，随着α成核剂成核能力的减弱，复配成核PP冲击强度和断裂伸长率提高，弯曲强度、弯曲模量和拉伸强度减小。差示扫描量热（DSC）分析显示，随着α成核剂诱导α晶型成核能力的减弱，β晶熔融峰强度增加。在不提高总结晶度的情况下，添加α成核剂改善PP刚性以及添加β成核剂改善PP韧性的协同效应没有出现。     

蒽系列成核剂对聚丙烯性能的影响

利用蒽为基础原料,自制了蒽系列的三种聚丙烯成核剂:9,10-二氢蒽-9,10-桥-α,β-马来酸酐（AMH）、9,10-二氢蒽-9,10-桥-α,β-马来酰肼（AMHD）、9,10-二氢蒽-9,10-桥-α,β-N-甘氨酸基马来酰胺（AGMA）。利用热重分析（TGA）分别考察了三者的热稳定性,采用X 射线衍射分析( XRD) 和偏光显微镜( PLM) 对其所改性等规聚丙烯（iPP）的结晶形态进行了表征,用差示扫描量热法( DSC) 研究了其结晶行为,并测试了力学性能。结果表明,AMHD和AGMA均可增强聚丙烯α晶型成核,而AMH则可诱导β-iPP的生成;该三种成核剂都有效提高了聚丙烯的结晶温度（Tc）和结晶度,其中iPP/AMHD的结晶度（Xc）提高了3.75%;同时改善了iPP的力学性能,与纯iPP试样相比,iPP/AMH抗冲击强度提高了5.60 kJ/m2,iPP/AMHD拉伸强度提高了18.02%,iPP/AGMA的弯曲强度达到53.22 MPa。     

不同的β成核剂聚丙烯的结晶性能研究

本文报导了用偏光显微镜观察IPP切片中β球晶的生长过程和形态;借助DSC法、光学解偏振法和大角X衍射法研究含不同β成核剂的IPP在等温和非等温条件下的结晶能力。实验结果表明,对比三种不同的成核剂,发现其结晶速率为RPP>DC>GD,而在纺丝过程中由于成核速率占主导作用,因此卷绕丝中β晶含量也为RPP>DC>GD。研究结果还表明,提高结晶温度,降低冷却速率,有利于提高β晶聚丙烯中的β晶含量。     

聚丙烯的β晶型及β成核剂的研究进展

介绍了β晶型聚丙烯（β-PP）的性能及结构特点，重点介绍了4种重要的β晶型成核剂的特点、作用效果以及各种成核剂对聚丙烯性能的影响，并对当前β晶聚丙烯及β成核剂的研究状况和发展前景作了展望。     

成核剂对聚丙烯力学性能的影响

研究了成核剂有机铝盐、苯甲酸钠和稀土及其母料浓度对聚丙烯力学性能的影响，通过偏光显微镜(PLM)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表征了成核剂的成核效果。结果表明，成核剂能较好地改善聚丙烯的力学性能，降低球晶尺寸，并诱导聚丙烯生成不同晶型。     

β晶型成核剂对均聚聚丙烯结晶及性能的影响

研究了β晶型成核剂对均聚聚丙烯(H-PP)力学性能的影响,并用偏光显微镜(PLM)、差式扫描量热仪(DSC)和广角X-射线衍射仪(WAXD)对β晶型聚丙烯结晶行为进行了表征。结果表明,添加β晶型成核剂后,α晶型向β晶型转变,材料韧性和热变形温度提高。当β晶型成核剂质量分数为0.2%时,材料常温(23)悬臂梁缺口冲击强度达到最大值18.8kJ/m2,是纯聚丙烯的4.7倍。     

β晶型成核剂增韧聚丙烯研究

研究了取代苯酰 胺类的新型β成核剂对聚丙烯力学性能的影响。并采用偏光显微镜，差示扫描量热法和广角X衍射对β成核PP的结晶形态进行了详细的表征，结果表明，加入β成核剂后，由于具有独特束状结构β晶型的生成，PP的刚性略有下降，但韧性却得到了很大的提高。当成核剂用量为0.6%时，β晶型相对含量最高，悬臂梁缺口冲击强度达到最大值91.3J/m，约为纯PP的4倍。     

α和β成核剂对聚丙烯力学性能的影响

研究了α和β成核剂对聚丙烯力学性能的影响。结果表明；α成核剂的加入使聚丙烯结晶度增大，从而使刚性增加，冲击强度总体呈下降趋势；β成核剂的加入使聚丙烯中β晶含量大幅度地提高，β晶独特的束状聚集结构在受力时产生裂纹带，从而使拉伸强度和拉伸模量下降，而韧性大大增加；在β成核剂质量分数为0.6%时，简支梁缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率达到最大值，皆为聚丙烯的两倍多。     

成核剂对聚丙烯性能的影响

研究了各种α晶型成核剂和β晶型成核剂对聚丙烯性能的影响,发现用α晶型成核剂NA-11和用N催化剂生产的高等规指数聚丙烯组合,可制成透明型高强度、高耐热聚丙烯。这种高性能聚丙烯在家电、汽车等方面具有极为广泛的应用前景。     

酰胺型β成核剂合成

介绍酰胺型β成核剂的合成方法、成核剂的复配及超细化技术,合成N,N'-二环己基对苯二甲酰胺,为酰胺型β成核剂的研发提供一定的技术支持。     

A novel highly efficient β‐nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene

A novel highly efficient β‐nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene (iPP), hexahydrophthalic barium (HHPA‐Ba), was found and its effects on the mechanical properties, the β‐phase content, and crystallization behavior of iPP were investigated, respectively. The results show that the β‐phase content of nucleated iPP (k_β value) can reach 80.2% with 0.4 wt % HHPA‐Ba. The impact strength and crystallization peak temperature of nucleated iPP are greatly increased. Compared with pure iPP, the impact strength of nucleated iPP can increase 2.4 times. Meanwhile, the spherulite size of nucleated iPP is dramatically decreased than that of pure iPP. The Caze method was used to investigate the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of nucleated iPP and the crystallization active energy was achieved by Kissinger method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

β成核剂对聚丙烯力学性能的影响

通过在抗冲聚丙烯基础树脂中添加自主研制的酰胺型高效β成核剂,在升高聚丙烯耐热温度的同时有效提高聚丙烯树脂EPS30R的冲击强度,研究酰胺型β成核剂PA-01、TMB-5和FB-1添加量对聚丙烯树脂EPS30R力学性能的影响,通过微观形态分析增韧的内在原因,并考察成核剂对聚丙烯树脂EPS30R的成核效果。结果表明,添加β成核剂后,聚丙烯的力学性能明显改善,且β成核剂诱导聚丙烯的成核效果较好。     

A novel β‐nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene

The nucleating ability of p‐cyclohexylamide carboxybenzene (β‐NA) towards isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, polarized optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. β‐NA is identified to have dual nucleating ability for α‐iPP and β‐iPP under appropriate kinetic conditions. The formation of β‐iPP is dependent on the content of β‐NA. The content of β‐phase can reach as high as 96.96% with the addition of only 0.05 wt% β‐NA. Under non‐isothermal crystallization the content of β‐iPP increases with increasing cooling rate. The maximum β‐crystal content is obtained at a cooling rate of 40 °C min^–1. The supermolecular structure of the β‐iPP is identified as a leaf‐like transcrystalline structure with an ordered lamellae arrangement perpendicular to the special surface of β‐NA. Under isothermal crystallization β‐crystals can be formed in the temperature range 80–140 °C. The content of β‐crystals reaches its maximum value at a crystallization temperature of 130 °C. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of syndiotactic polystyrene on the crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene/syndiotactic polystyrene blends with and without β‐nucleating agent

Blends of isotactic polypropylene (PP) and syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) with and without β‐nucleating agent were prepared using a twin‐screw extruder at 290 °C. Blends of PP/sPS with β‐nucleating agent mainly show β crystalline form, irrespective of high (20 °C min^?1) or low (2 °C min^?1) previous cooling rates. This suggests that the cooling rates have little effect on the polymorphic composition of PP in PP/sPS blends. The effect of sPS on the crystallization of PP is compared with that of polyamide 6 (PA6). The increase in crystallization temperature of PP is smaller in the presence of sPS than in the presence of PA6; the fold surface free energy of PP/sPS is larger than that of PP/PA6 blends. These results reveal that compared with PA6, sPS has much weaker α‐nucleation effect on the crystallization of PP. The weak α‐nucleation effect of sPS is attributed to the high lattice mismatch between PP and sPS crystals.     

Effects of rosin‐type nucleating agent on polypropylene crystallization

In this investigation the effects of a rosin‐type nucleating agent, which was prepared from cocrystallizing of dehydroabietic acid and Na‐dehydroabietate, on polypropylene (PP) crystallization were studied. The results of differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction proved that a cocrystal of dehydroabietic acid and Na‐dehydroabietate was formed. The lower melting point of the cocrystal caused it to be uniformly dispersed in PP. When cocrystals were added as nucleating agent, the mechanical properties, heat distortion temperature, and crystallization temperatures of PP were obviously improved, and the size of spherulites was also decreased. This proved that the cocrystals of dehydroabietic acid and Na‐dehydroabietate could act as an effective nucleating agent for PP. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1069–1073, 2002     

Combined effect of β‐nucleating agent and processing melt temperature on the toughness of impact polypropylene copolymer

The phase morphology and toughening behavior of impact polypropylene copolymer (IPC) with and without nucleating agent (NA), prepared at different processing melt temperatures (T_p), were investigated. Interestingly, three different structures can be formed in the IPC samples by adding NA or tuning T_p. A well‐defined core–shell structure is obtained in samples with α‐NA or without NA prepared at all T_p. A developing multilayered structure is mainly formed at high T_p with added β‐NA, while an incomplete phase separation structure with interpenetrating chains is the dominant structure for IPC samples prepared at low T_p with added β‐NA. In this case, because of the synergistic effect between phase morphology and relatively high β‐form crystal content, the chain interaction among the components and chain mobility of the amorphous portion of IPC are distinctly improved, resulting in a largely improved toughness under 0 °C. This improvement in toughness is very important for applications. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of carbon nanotube‐supported β nucleating agent on the thermal properties,morphology, and mechanical properties of polyamide 6/isotactic polypropylene blends

A new kind of β nucleating agent, multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐supported calcium pimelate was introduced into polyamide 6 (PA 6)/isotactic polypropylene (iPP; 10/90 by weight) blend and the thermal properties, morphology, and mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that β‐iPP appeared at low content of MWCNT‐supported calcium pimelate which surmounted the α‐nucleating effect of PA 6 for iPP, and the content of β‐iPP increased with increasing content of MWCNT‐supported calcium pimelate. The impact strength, elongation at break, and flexural modulus were improved with increasing content of MWCNT‐supported calcium pimelate without significantly deteriorating the tensile strength. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012