NiO/Al_2O_3基催化剂的TPR特性研究

NiO/Al_2O_3基催化剂用于替代贵金属催化剂,被广泛应用于石油和石化领域生产过程的加氢、脱硫和脱氮。采用TPR方法,研究不同Ni含量NiO/Al_2O_3及不同载体的催化剂还原特性。结果表明,NiO/Al_2O_3催化剂在10%H_2-Ar气氛下,还原温度范围较宽,为(300~800)℃,其中,(500~600)℃还原速率最大;随着NiO含量的增加,起始还原温度降低,还原耗氢量按比例增加;以MgO为载体的NiO催化剂还原呈现双峰特征,以SiO2和TiO2为载体的NiO催化剂的初始还原温度比NiO/Al_2O_3催化剂降低(100~200)℃。     

Fe_2O_3/Al_2O_3催化剂制备及催化降解酸性染料废水

以γ-Al2O3>为载体,采用浸渍-焙烧法制备了Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂.并将其用于催化降解模拟酸性大红-3R染料废水.对于质量浓度为1 000 mg/L的高浓度酸性大红-3R染料废水,最佳的处理工艺条件为:温度60℃、pH=3.0、H2O2投加质量浓度9.4g/L、催化剂投加质量浓度1.5 g/L.在此工艺条件下酸性大红染料废水的降解率为99%,CODCr的去除率>83%.而对于质量浓度≤100 mg/L的酸性大红-3R染料废水在此条件下的降解速率接近100%.且催化剂连续使用6次后仍有较高的催化活性.     

CoMo/Al_2O_3-SiO_2催化剂原位红外光谱研究

采用原位红外光谱技术,以CO作为探针分子研究了加氢脱硫CoMo/Al2O3-SiO2催化剂的活性吸附位的变化规律。原位硫化温度范围为300~550℃,获得了CoMo/Al2O3-SiO2催化剂的MoS(2110cm2-1)和CoMoS(2070cm-1)活性相在增加硫化温度过程中的转变规律。在CoMo/Al2O3-SiO2催化剂中,当载体中SiO2含量逐渐增加时,能够显著改变催化剂活性相的相对强度变化,表明载体中加入适量的SiO2能够显著改变加氢脱硫CoMo/Al2O3-SiO2催化剂的载体与活性金属(Co和Mo)的相互作用,从而提高金属在加氢催化剂载体上的分散性能,产生更多活性吸附位。     

TiO_2/Al_2O_3复合载体用于有机硫加氢转化催化剂的研究

研究了不同TiO2 含量对有机硫加氢转化催化剂活性的影响 ,并与单一Al2 O3 作载体的催化剂进行了性能对比。结果表明 ,用TiO2 /Al2 O3 复合载体制得的有机硫加氢转化催化剂 ,性能明显改善 ,对噻吩的平均转化率由原 34 .73%提高到 6 7.5 2 % ;催化剂预硫化所需硫化剂量可减少 5 0 %以上。     

1,4-丁炔二醇二段加氢Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂的研究

采用共沉淀法制备负载量为15%(质量分数)的1,4-丁炔二醇二段加氢Ni/Al2O3催化剂。考察反应温度、压力、时间、pH值和转速等因素对1,4-丁炔二醇二段加氢反应的影响。实验结果表明,在反应温度125℃、转速1 100r/min、反应时间3.6h、反应液pH值6.0、压力4.0MPa条件下,所制备的催化剂具有较好的活性,其收率达到90%。     

搅拌速率对Pd/Al_2O_3催化剂CH_4催化燃烧性能的影响

为了考察搅拌速率在Pd/Al2O3催化剂制备过程中的作用,通过对不同搅拌速率制备的Pd/Al2O3催化剂进行XRD、H2-TPR和XPS表征及CH4催化燃烧活性测试,研究搅拌速率对Pd/Al2O3催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,低搅拌速率[(200~300)r·min-1]条件制备的催化剂,Pd O粒径较大,Pd分散度高,表面Pd与Pd O物质的量比=0.55~0.56,催化剂的CH4催化反应活化能与无搅拌时相比降低,在200 r·min-1达到最低;随着搅拌速率增加,高搅拌速率[(400~600)r·min-1]抑制了Pd O晶粒的生长,导致Pd O粒径变小,Pd分散度降低,并使表面Pd O含量增大,Pd与Pd O物质的量比=0.41~0.52,提高了CH4催化燃烧反应的活化能。     

过渡金属Ni对Pd/Al_2O_3催化剂甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响

考察过渡金属Ni对Pd/Al_2O_3催化剂甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响以及过渡金属负载量及循环条件对甲烷降解性能的影响,采用扫描电镜、N_2吸附-脱附以及H_2程序升温还原技术对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,过渡金属Ni的添加对催化剂在(375~475)℃下的甲烷催化燃烧活性产生影响。催化剂经多次重复使用后,催化燃烧活性提高。分析原因为经过渡金属Ni改性后,可与载体形成NiAl_2O_4尖晶石,促进活性组分形成较小晶粒,并改善活性组分分散度,提高催化剂催化活性。     

CuO-ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂对醋酸甲酯催化加氢制乙醇的研究

采用并流共沉淀法制备了醋酸甲酯催化加氢合成乙醇的CuO-ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂,并通过N_2物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表征手段分析了催化剂的物理化学特性,探究加料方式、铜锌铝的配比对催化剂结构的影响与催化剂活性之间的关系。结果表明,加料方式为并流、铜锌铝的配比为5∶2∶1时,催化剂前驱体的架构最为规整,焙烧后得到的CuO颗粒较小,且分散最为均匀,具有较多且分散的活性组分,表现出了最优的加氢性能。在反应温度220℃,反应压力3.0MPa,质量液时空速0.5h-1和氢酯物质的量比9的条件下,醋酸甲酯的转化率达到97.6%,乙醇的选择性高达97.5%。     

CuO-ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂对醋酸甲酯催化加氢制乙醇的研究

采用并流共沉淀法制备了醋酸甲酯催化加氢合成乙醇的CuO-ZnO/Al_2O_3催化剂,并通过N_2物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表征手段分析了催化剂的物理化学特性,探究加料方式、铜锌铝的配比对催化剂结构的影响与催化剂活性之间的关系。结果表明,加料方式为并流、铜锌铝的配比为5∶2∶1时,催化剂前驱体的架构最为规整,焙烧后得到的CuO颗粒较小,且分散最为均匀,具有较多且分散的活性组分,表现出了最优的加氢性能。在反应温度220℃,反应压力3.0MPa,质量液时空速0.5h-1和氢酯物质的量比9的条件下,醋酸甲酯的转化率达到97.6%,乙醇的选择性高达97.5%。     

Pd/Al_2O_3催化剂催化加氢处理六氯苯的新工艺

利用自制的固定床反应器研究了六氯苯催化加氢反应。结果表明负载单一金属Pd催化效果明显,但催化剂不够稳定,容易积碳失活,加入第二种金属有效增长了催化剂的寿命。并最终优化了工艺条件。     

Ru-Fe/Al_2O_3氧化-还原性能探究

以Al_2O_3为载体,RuCl_3·xH_2O和FeCl_3·6H_2O为活性组分前驱体,采用吸附-沉淀法制备了Ru-Fe/Al_2O_3和Ru/Al_2O_3催化剂,以马来酸二甲酯加氢合成丁二酸二甲酯为探针反应,结合H_2-TPR和XRD表征技术,考察Fe改性Ru基催化剂的氧化-还原性能及催化活性。经氧化-还原循环处理后,催化剂Ru-Fe/Al_2O_3上马来酸二甲酯加氢活性高于Ru/Al_2O_3。XRD结果显示,经处理的Ru-Fe/Al_2O_3上未见金属Ru的特征衍射峰,而Ru/Al_2O_3上出现了金属Ru的特征衍射峰。结合H_2-TPR结果推断,Ru与Fe之间发生了相互作用,这种协同作用可以改善Ru/Al_2O_3催化剂的热稳定性。     

Modelling of citral hydrogenation kinetics on an Ni/Al2O3 catalyst

The kinetics of citral hydrogenation in ethanol over an Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst was studied in a slurry reactor operating at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature range of 60–77°C. Citronellal was the primary reaction product, whereas the amounts of unsaturated alcohols were very minor. Citronellol was the dominating product, generated mainly through the hydrogenation of the carbonyl group of citronellal. Based on the experimental data, a kinetic model was developed for hydrogenation. The model comprises competitive and rapid adsorption steps as well as rate-determining hydrogenation steps. The mass transfer limitation of hydrogen was included in the mathematical model. The kinetic parameters and the mass transfer parameter of hydrogen were estimated from the experimental data. A comparison of the model predictions with the experimental data revealed that the proposed kinetic approach gave a satisfactory reproduction of the data.     

柠檬醛在La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂上的等温吸附

对柠檬醛-乙酸乙酯溶液中柠檬醛在La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上等温吸附行为进行了研究。结果表明,30 ℃柠檬醛在La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上的吸附动力学符合准二阶吸附动力学模型,吸附动力学方程为：1/q_t=2.350/t+0.063 3(R²=0.998 5)。（30~65） ℃柠檬醛在La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上的等温吸附符合Langmuir方程,温度升高使柠檬醛的饱和吸附量增加,吸附热为32.19 kJ·mol^-1。     

ZrO2/SiO2- and La2O3/Al2O3-supported platinum catalysts for CH4/CO2 reforming

Surface-phase ZrO₂ on SiO₂ (SZrOs) and surface-phase La₂O₃ on Al₂O₃ (SLaOs) were prepared with various loadings of ZrO₂ and La₂O₃, characterized and used as supports for preparing Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts. CH₄/CO₂ reforming over the Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts was examined and compared with Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂ catalysts. CO₂ or CH₄ pulse reaction/adsorption analysis was employed to elucidate the effects of these surface-phase oxides.

The zirconia can be homogeneously dispersed on SiO₂ to form a stable surface-phase oxide. The lanthana cannot be spread well on Al₂O₃, but it forms a stable amorphous oxide with Al₂O₃. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts showed higher steady activity than did Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ by a factor of three to four. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts were also much more stable than the Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts for long stream time and for reforming temperatures above 700 °C. These findings were attributed to the activation of CO₂ adsorbed on the basic sites of SZrOs and SLaOs.     

低负载Pd/Al2O3催化剂的制备及其对CO室温催化性能研究

采用等体积浸渍法和还原法结合制备了Pd/Al2 O3催化剂,通过N2吸附-脱附、SEM、TEM、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和CO原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱等表征手段对制备的样品微观结构进行了系统分析,考察了不同Pd负载量和测试条件下CO催化氧化性能.实验结果表明,水合肼还原法实现了Pd在Al2 O3载体上的均匀分散...     

The mechanism of SO2 effect on NO reduction with propene over In2O3/Al2O3 catalyst

An In₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst shows high activity for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with propene in the presence of oxygen. The presence of SO₂ in feed gas suppressed the catalytic activity dramatically at high temperatures; however it was enhanced in the low temperature range of 473–573 K. In TPD and FT-IR studies, the formation of sulfate species on the surface of the catalyst caused an inhibition of NO_X adsorption sites, and the absorbance ability of NO was suppressed by the presence of SO₂, and the amount of ad-NO₃⁻ species decreased obviously. This leads to a decrease of catalytic activity at higher temperatures. However, addition of SO₂ enhanced the formation of carboxylate and formate species, which can explain the promotional effect of SO₂ at low temperature, because active C₃H₆ (partially oxidized C₃H₆) is crucial at low temperature.     

镧和铈改性CuNi／Al2O3催化剂

采用浸渍法制备了稀土镧和铈改性的CuNi／Al2O3催化剂,研究了稀土负载量对催化剂活性和选择性的影响,并研究了催化剂的还原性能。结果表明：La和Ce的存在均降低了活性相CuO和NiO的还原温度,使改性催化剂具有更高的催化活性,但催化剂上乙烯的选择性则是Ce改性催化剂高于La改性催化剂,NCeO2含量为l％时,CeCuNi／Al2O3催化剂上乙炔转化率达到98％,乙烯选择性和收率则分别达到84％和82．3％,比未改性的CuNi／Al2O3催化剂上乙烯收率高16．4％,显示出CeO2改性CuNi／Al2O3催化剂的优异性能。     

Preparation and characterization of nano-sized CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst for hydrodesulfurization

CoMo on Al₂O₃ catalyst prepared by spray pyrolysis method was found in the form of spheres of 0.5–1.2 μm, which consisted of tiny primary particles of ca. 10–20 nm diameter. The materials shows comparable activity to those of commercial catalysts in HDS of straight run gas oil, in particular, refractory 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT). Weaker interactions between CoMo and Al₂O₃ are suggested by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), Raman spectroscopy, to give more active species than those over the impregnated catalysts. This accounts for its comparable activity in spite of its smaller surface area.