管线钢WIC试验对UOE钢管现场施工环焊的指导

WIC试验是加拿大焊接协会20世纪80年代开发的一种用于评价管线钢材料抵抗焊接氢致裂纹能力的试验方法,其反映了管线钢材料的可焊性,尤其是制管后管线钢管现场施工环缝焊接性。因此可根据WIC试验的结果,制定UOE钢管现场施工环焊坡口设计与组对、环缝根焊方法选择与工艺制定、环焊后续处理等方面的指导原则,为相关用户提供技术支撑。     

管线钢管纤维素焊条高速环焊接头韧性分析

针对宝钢X65级UOE管线钢管,应用纤维素焊条进行高速环缝打底焊接和热焊,填充盖面焊接选用低氢焊条,并对环焊接头进行冲击韧性和CTOD断裂韧性分析。同时,将纤维素焊条高速环焊接头与全部低氢焊条环焊接头在冲击韧性和断裂韧性方面进行比较,结果表明,无论是焊态还是消氢处理态,针对X65这种较低强度钢管,纤维素焊条高速环焊接头均具有良好的冲击韧性和断裂韧性。纤维素焊条高速环缝焊接在高强度管线钢管中的应用有待于进一步研究。     

管线钢管环焊接头CTOD断裂韧性评估技术

综述了材料焊接接头基于断裂力学原理的CTOD断裂韧性评估技术的特点与应用,尤其是在高等级厚壁管线钢管环焊接头中的应用。分析并整理了当前国际管线钢管行业权威标准API 1104、DNV-OS-F101、DNV-RP-F108、CSA Z662、AS 2885.2对于管线钢管环焊接头CTOD断裂韧性评估的特点、要求与实施过程,为不同管线项目钢管环焊接头CTOD断裂韧性的评估提供了有益参考。同时,介绍了宝钢高等级UOE管线钢管环焊接头CTOD断裂韧性评估进展。     

基于应变设计X70管线钢管高强匹配环缝焊接性评估

针对宝钢基于应变设计的大口径X70管线钢管,应用高强度和超高强度匹配焊接材料进行手工和半自动药芯焊丝气体保护环缝焊接,并对环焊接头进行拉伸、导向弯曲、低温冲击以及维氏硬度的检验与评估。结果表明,宝钢基于应变设计的X70管线钢管在手工焊接和半自动焊接条件下具有良好的环缝焊接性。采用超高强度匹配的铁粉低氢型焊条和气体保护金属粉芯焊丝,对钢管承受外部应变条件下焊接接头的安全性非常有利。     

高强管线钢管自动环焊技术现状及宝钢研究进展

介绍当前油气输送管道及其环缝焊接技术发展概况,综述了X80高强管线钢管的开发应用及环缝焊接技术。管道工程建设的发展对自动环缝焊接技术提出了新的需求,其将成为今后管道环缝焊接领域的发展趋势,阐述了当前存在的各种自动环缝焊接方法。宝钢在开展管道环缝手工焊接与半自动焊接的基础上,将开展管道自动焊接技术研究,为用户提供技术支撑。     

海洋管线铺设环焊技术现状及宝钢研究进展

综述了当前深水海洋管线钢管铺设方法以及对应的施工环缝焊接技术,海管高效自动环缝焊接技术成为今后的发展趋势.介绍了双车双炬熔化极气体保护自动焊接技术、闪光对焊技术、激光—电弧复合焊接技术、非真空电子束焊接技术等在海管施工焊接领域具有很大应用潜力的技术.当前,宝钢UOE钢管产品致力于高等级海管的生产与经营,在UOE海管自动环缝焊接方面开展了研究,旨在为用户提供相应技术服务与支撑.     

X70QS无缝管线钢管连续冷却转变规律的研究

介绍了衡阳华菱钢管有限公司利用Gleeble 1500热模拟试验机研究X70QS无缝管线钢管在不同冷却条件下组织及显微硬度的变化规律,绘制了试验条件下X70QS无缝管线钢管的CCT曲线。试验结果表明,随着冷却速度的提高,X70QS无缝管线钢的微观组织由多边形铁素体(PF)逐渐向针状铁素体(AF)转变。实验室条件下,X70QS无缝管线钢以40~60℃/s冷却后能得到以细小均匀的针状铁素体为主的理想组织,并且针状铁素体晶粒内弥散分布一定数量的细小M/A岛状组织。这种AF+M/A的混合组织结构能有效地提高材料的强度和韧性。     

合金元素对X80管线钢环焊接头组织和性能的影响

随着管道钢级提高，环焊缝断裂韧性控制难度不断增加。焊缝的成分是母材和填充金属成分的混合，因此，母材合金元素对最终焊缝的组织和性能具有重要影响。设计了10种不同合金元素含量的X80管线钢，并模拟现场环焊进行了相同工艺规范的焊接实验。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同合金元素实验钢的环焊接头显微组织进行表征分析，同时测试了相应环焊缝的冲击韧性，探究了Mn、Cr和V 3种元素对X80管线钢环焊接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明，X80管线钢环焊过程中Mn会有部分溶入熔池，但是对焊缝的影响有限。Cr的稀释率很不稳定，母材中Cr含量越高，稀释率越低，整体在25%～50%范围。V的稀释率也较低，平均为17%。钢板中溶入焊缝的Mn只占焊缝总Mn量的极少一部分，不会对焊缝显微组织产生较大的影响，因此对焊缝冲击韧性没有影响。Cr元素在冷却相变过程中扩大了粒状贝氏体的形成区间，导致焊缝中出现大量粒状贝氏体组织，使得马奥组元(M/A)数量增加，颗粒尺寸增大，从而降低焊缝冲击韧性。母材钢板中溶入焊缝的少量V能够促进贝氏体铁素体相变，避免了焊缝中出现粗大的M/A颗粒，但对焊缝冲击韧性的影响不明显。     

管线钢埋弧焊丝WGX2的性能研究

国家正准备兴建的西气东输二线工程将首次大规模地采用更高级别的X80管线钢,原用于X70钢的埋弧焊丝因强度偏低无法满足X80钢的焊接性能要求.对用于高级别管线钢埋弧焊丝WGX2的熔敷金属及与X80钢的对接性能进行了研究.试验结果表明,研制的WGX2焊丝可满足高钢级管线X80钢的焊接性能要求.     

日本高等级直缝埋弧焊管线钢管

从装备能力、制造流程、产品品种、规格和性能水平等方面针对日本JFE公司和新日铁住金两家主要的钢铁公司在高等级直缝埋弧焊管线钢管方面进行了调研。两家公司均为集成化钢铁联合生产企业,可实现从炼钢、轧制、制管到内外涂覆的全流程钢管一贯制制造。JFE公司UOE焊管、螺旋焊管和ERW焊管的年产能为112、20和75万t,新日铁住金的UOE焊管、螺旋焊管和ERW焊管的年产能分别为100、27和82万t。两家公司在直缝埋弧焊管方面均已开发了X100/X120高强度管、X60~X120抗大应变管、X70抗酸管、X80低温管、X80厚壁管、X65深海用厚壁管等高等级管线管产品,并应用于诸多世界主要管线工程。     

Evaluation of automatic girth weldability of pipeline in special conditions

To meet the requirements of pipeline consumers abroad, in this study, an automatic gas metal arc welding type of girth welding was performed with a heat input of no more than 0.25 kJ/mm and high-strength solid-wire matching for an X70 M large-diameter UOE pipeline.An integral evaluation of the X70 M pipeline girth weldability was performed with respect to the girth-weld cold-cracking sensitivity during the welding process and the strengthening, hardening, and embrittlement of the girth weld joint after girth welding in especially rigorous welding conditions with accelerated failure characteristics.The performance of the above girth weld joint with joints welded using the main construction-field girth welding procedure was compared to ensure the good girth weldability of the X70 M pipeline.The results of this study have important supervisory significance for field-construction girth welding.Finally, the girth weldability of the X70 M pipeline was found to satisfy the field construction requirements even when the welding conditions are especially rigorous.     

Field girth weldability evaluation of X70 UOE pipeline

Based on API STD 1104-2005 and CSA Z662-2007,field girth welding tests and girth weldability evaluations were executed for three types of wall thickness X70 UOE pipeline,in which the most popular main line girth welding method,single-wire automatic gas metal arc welding(GMAW),was used. The welding procedure specification was optimized to achieve a good quality and cold-crack-free girth weld joint without preheating or post-weld heat treatment. In addition,porosities,inclusions,and incomplete fusion defects were avoided. The tensile strength,bending,Vickers hardness,Charpy V-notch impact toughness,and crack tip opening displacement fracture toughness of the girth weld joint were evaluated,and the joint exhibited good mechanical performance. Thus,the field girth weldability of Baosteel's X70 UOE pipeline is excellent for automatic GMAW.     

Automatic girth welding and performance evaluation of the joints of hot-induction-bend and line pipes with different wall thickness

During the process of laying long-distance oil and gas transmission pipelines,the hot-induction-bend method is extensively used when the direction has to be changed.By considering the pipeline's ongoing processing and loading states during service,the pipeline that is generally used exhibits thicker walls than those that are observed in the line pipe.As such,during pipeline construction,hot-induction-bend and line pipes with different wall thickness are girth-welded.The chemical composition of hot-induction-bend and line pipes differs,with the carbon content being particularly higher in the hot-induction-bend pipe;it also depicts a higher carbon equivalent,which makes it possible to modify the girth of the pipe.In this study,using Baosteel's standard X70M UOE hotinduction-bend and line pipes,solid-wire automatic gas-metal-arc girth welding was performed and the performance of the girth-welded joint was evaluated.Furthermore,the weldability of the pipeline girth and the microstructure of the girth-welded joint were analyzed.The results reveal that Baosteel's standard UOE hot-induction-bend and line pipes exhibit good girth weldability,and their technical quality can be guaranteed in case of consumer fieldconstruction applications.     

Investigation of the impact toughness of self-shielded flux-cored wire girth welds for X80 pipelines

Self-shielded flux-cored wire is a convenient and efficient consumable for pipeline field girth welding because of its self-protection characteristic and high deposition rate,especially for remote construction sites in rugged terrain. From the perspective of pipeline safety,the impact toughness of the girth welds is an important factor in pipeline integrity,which determines the crack arrest behavior in the girth welds. Therefore,improving the girth weld impact toughness is of primary importance in the field of pipeline girth welding. Three self-shielded flux-cored wires comprising different chemical composition systems have been applied to large diameter X80 UOE( U-ing-O-ingExpanding) pipeline semi-automatic girth welding,and the impact toughness of the welds has been evaluated by girth weld chemical composition analysis and microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy( SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry( EDS) to investigate pipeline girth weld impact toughness and find ways to improve it.This helps in determining the main factors that influence girth weld impact toughness. Pipeline girth weld impact toughness is mainly determined by the final microstructure produced in the solid-state phase transition. In the as-weld state,acicular ferrite( AF) and fine bainite( FB) are a benefit to the impact toughness. For multilayer semiautomatic self-shielded flux-cored wire welding,the normalizing and tempering function of the latter beads to the initial beads plays an important role in the transition of girth weld microstructure,which affects the impact toughness. The original AF and FB and the corresponding heat treatment microstructure of the fine and uniform block ferrite and pearlite result in very good impact toughness. The following two mechanisms are found to promote the production of AF and FB in the girth weld. First,elements promoting the broadening of the austenitic region,such as Ni,C,Cu,and Mn,induce low temperature phase transitions and restrain the opposing function of Al,which is a benefit to the production of AF and FB. Second,dispersed high-melting-point inclusions,especially Al2O3,induce the nucleated production of AF. The advantageous function of inclusions is determined by their shape,distribution,and dimension. Dispersed spherical inclusions of small dimension are a benefit to the production of AF,and result in good impact toughness.     

Girth weldability and welding process of Baosteel X80 UOE linepipes

An analysis of the girth weldability of Baosteel X80 UOE (U-ing-O-ing-Expanding) linepipes was conducted using manual shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and semiautomatic self-shielded flux cored wire arc welding (FCAW).A technical specification for the optimum quality of a girth welding joint was obtained through a large amount of testing.According to the requirements of America Petroleum Institute(API) standard 1104 and the standards of the 2nd West-East natural gas transmission pipeline project,the mechanical properties of a girth welding joint were estimated.In addition,the effect of the girth welding procedure specifications and the consumable’s suitability on the impact toughness of the girth welding joint was discussed.     

大口径油气管道环焊技术的进展及在宝钢的应用

介绍了当前管道工业的发展及管道焊接技术的进展情况,并阐明了管道全位置下向焊接技术的特性.管道环焊缝是由根焊、热焊、填充焊、盖面焊等不同焊道组成.对常用的手工焊、半自动焊和自动焊接方法在管道环焊缝不同焊道焊接时的应用以及各自特点做了介绍,还对焊接材料的选用、焊接设备的选型作了描述.宝钢铜管厂大口径直缝埋弧焊管(UOE)项目即将投产,投产后大口径焊管产品使用技术的研究势在必行,宝钢应尽快开展大口径UOE焊管的环缝焊接技术的研究,为将来的推广应用提供必要的技术支撑.     

含铝304和316L奥氏体不锈钢热轧板材焊接性能

 对加Al质量分数为4%的304、2%的316L不锈钢热轧板材的焊接性能进行了研究。采用手工氩弧焊（TIG）的焊接方法,利用光学显微镜对焊缝的显微组织进行分析,利用电子探针（EMPA）分析焊接母材的元素分布,并对焊接接头进行力学性能测试。组织和力学性能的研究结果表明：含铝304和含铝316L合金热轧板分别选用ER308L,ER316L作为焊接材料,经TIG焊接后,焊缝无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,接头具有良好的强度和塑性,焊接接头力学性能接近于其母材;热影响区组织与母材组织基本一致,焊缝与母材熔合良好,组织良好,加铝304和316L不锈钢具有良好的焊接性能。     

Weldability of Low Carbon Transformation Induced Plasticity Steel

Transformation induced plasticity （TRIP） steel exhibited high or rather high carbon equivalent （CE） because of its chemical composition, which was a particularly detrimental factor affecting weldability of steels. Thus the weldability of a TRIP steel （grade 600） containing （in mass percent, %） 0.11C-1. 19Si-1.67Mn was extensively studied. The mechanical properties and impact toughness of butt joint, the welding crack susceptibility of weld and heat affected zone （HAZ） for tee joint, control thermal severity （CTS） of the welded joint, and Y shape 60° butt joint were measured after the gas metal arc welding （GMAW） test. The tensile strength of the weld was higher than 700 MPa. Both in the fusion zone （FZ） and HAZ for butt joint, the impact toughness was much higher than 27 J, either at room temperature or at -20 ℃, indicating good low temperature impact ductility of the weld of TRIP 600 steel. In addition, welding crack susceptibility tests revealed that weldments were free of surface crack and other imperfection. All experimental results of this steel showed fairly good weldability. For application, the crossmember in automobile made of this steel exhibited excellent weldability, and fatigue and durability tests were also accomplished for crossmember assembly.