情感?包装?设计

设计和制造技术日益发达促进商品种类日益繁多，以消费者为导向的买方市场形态已具规模。在买方市场形态下，想获得消费者的青睐，除了保证商品具备实用的功能、可靠的品质以及合理的价格外，如何进一步加强消费者的情感体验、打动人心，是我们讨论的焦点。     

An Efficient SQUID NDE Defect Detection Approach by?Using?an?Adaptive?Finite-Element?Modeling

Incorporating the finite-element method for the modeling of the SQUID NDE response to a predefined defect pattern, an adaptive algorithm has been developed for the reconstruction of unknown defects using an optimization algorithm for updating of the forward problem. The defect reconstruction algorithm starts with an initial estimation for the defect pattern. Then the forward problem is solved and the obtained field pattern is compared with the measured signal from the SQUID NDE system. The result is used by an optimization algorithm to update the defect structure to be incorporated in the FEM forward problem for the next iteration. Since the mentioned model based inverse algorithm normally consumes a lot of computational resources, the number of iterations plays an important role in the determination of the total response convergence time. Consequently, different optimization algorithms have been applied and their performances are compared. In this work by incorporating an efficient forward model and using the stochastic and deterministic optimization algorithms for defect updating we have investigated their performance on the inversion of the SQUID NDE signal and also their ability to defect reconstruction in the noisy environment.     

技术乎?艺术乎?

爱因斯坦讲过:“想象力比知识更重要。因为知识是有限的,而想象力则概括了世界上的一切,它不仅推动着社会的进步,而且也是知识进化的源泉”。由此我想到了摄影。自达盖尔发明摄影术以来的150多年,随着摄影器材和技术的逐渐发展完善,我们对摄影的认识不断地深化;对摄影的视野也在进一步地扩大。摄影是技术,还是艺术？应该说,艺术原本是一项技术,在掌握了纯熟的技术之后,再加上独到的创意思维,才称得上是艺术。     

减肥产品天使?魔鬼?

肥胖仿佛天生就是人类的敌人。骨感时尚的流行坐标使得时下的减肥大军队伍显得浩浩荡荡。为了减去那恼人的赘肉,平时省吃减用的"吝啬鬼"在瘦身这个问题上也变得异常慷慨。市场漫天飞舞的减肥产品"征服"了一批又一批的减肥军,而更多的"减肥斗士"凭着"要瘦没商量"的毅力,是屡败屡战,合力造就了一个庞大的减肥产品"战场"。 有产品就要市场,有市场就会有竞争,有竞争就会有优劣。减肥产品从一开始就是非议不断,关于减肥产品伤人、害人的案例此起彼伏,件件惊心。虚夸广告、违禁药物、神奇偏方等孕育了减肥产品怪胎。结果,最终只肥了商家的腰包, "瘦了"的却是消费者的钱包。     

W?rme��bergangsmessungen auf perforierten Platten mit?An-?und?��berstr?mung

The entry edges of holes contribute to the over all heat transfer of heat exchangers and of cooling structures found in combustors or cooled blades and vanes of gas turbines. This paper presents experimental examinations performed using both the heated thin foil technique and the naphthalene sublimation technique, which is based on the heat/mass transfer analogy. The length of entry edge per area of perforated plate, which depends on the distance between the holes, has significant influence. The highest heat transfer coefficient is found at the edge of the holes. The heat transfer shows rotational symmetry for perpendicular flow, which is not found for parallel flow. The comparison to former published results uses the area averaged product of heat transfer coefficient and the adjacent area, which is commonly used for thermal calculations.     

正牌?杂牌? 摄影包拆解评测

买完相机,别忽视了摄影包的选择。一般来说,花上整套器材5%～10%的价格买个摄影包,是并不过分的。别心疼这几百块钱,要知道,你几千、几万的家当可全在里面放着呢。看完本文,你就明白我们为什么这样说了。     

尚华,艺术家?包装人?

尚华,一个生活在南方的北方人。清秀端庄,身材修长,思维敏捷,干练爽朗。今年7月初,我出席在株洲召开的中国包协包教委第七次全体会议。在一次晚餐前,朋友向我介绍了她。交换名片之后,她送给我一本《尚华装饰速写》。这本书书名、装帧、内容都很特别,一下子吸引了我。之后,有过多次接触,深入交谈。出于职业的本能,我决定进一步采访并报道这个个性鲜明、言行独特、才气横溢、事件有成的奇女子。然而,加到杭州     

谁影响了我的冷热?湿度?温度?还是……

正不知道大家有没有注意到在这炎炎夏日,30℃左右的时候,有人觉得很热,但是在春秋的30℃下却并不觉得那么闷热了,难道是太阳出了问题么?温度是表示物体冷热程度的物理量,微观上来讲是物体分子热运动的剧烈程度。现在,再来说说我们感受到的"温度"。它的学名叫做体感温度,体感温度重在"感",即人体对冷热的感     

我们为什么创新?为什么不呢?

"我们为什么创新?"这是德州仪器公司(TI)首席科学家方进先生(Gene Frantz)参加完今年全球IEEE年会后,4月来华在清华大学提给在座所有媒体的问题。我认为这也是值得很多人在休息时间里提给自己的一个问题。方进先生在TI公司超过30年的工作时间给了他很多可以回过头来看历史的机会。     

设计师——何为独特? 何为珍贵?

正究竟何为设计,何为设计师?怎样是为一个好的设计师?是什么让设计师独特?你是否曾听闻过,"嘿,那些设计师完全在他们自己的世界里。"究竟是什么让设计师们相互不同?他们究竟是怎么做的?是什么让有的设计师与我们不同?我们知道他们的想法与众不同。很多时候我们听到:"你的创新是完全在你的世界里的!","你们的想法与众不同!"     

电池安全? 骗补? 蟹岛安凯客车大火烧出了什么?

<正>据媒体报道,5月1日午间12时20分许,北京朝阳区东苇路蟹岛度假村停车场汽车起火,现场目测80辆左右着火汽车均是写有"天马通驰TMTC"字样的新能源电动车大巴。有目击者称,现场时不时发出爆炸声,并伴有大量浓烟。这次的事故,堪称新能源汽车从2009年批量推广以来,国内发生的最大规模事故,所幸现场无人员伤亡。事后交警称因停车场周边种植着大量的杨树、柳树,地面有大面积杨絮、柳絮堆积导致火灾。     

T?ne sehen? Zur Visualisierung Akustischer Ph?nomene in der Herzdiagnostik

During the nineteenth century physiologists and clinicians developed several graphical recording systems for the mechanical registration of heart sounds. However, none of these replaced traditional methods of auscultation. The paper describes criticism of the aural sense as one of the driving forces behind the development of phonocardiography and analyses its variants from a technological and clinical perspective. Against the background of the physiological “method of curves,” the parameters that prevented the implementation of phonocardiography against overwhelming odds are highlighted. Contemporaries denied specific evidence beyond auscultation. Many clinicians also feared that the art of auscultation was being undermined by the new, reproducible mechanical methods. The paper argues that phonocardiography was on the one hand regarded as impractical in clinical settings; on the other hand—and even more important—implicit practices, tacit knowledge and cultural models fostered skepticism against the new method. The argument of “self-evidence”—often connected to medical images, curves, graphs or tables—was not valid for the visualization of cardiac sounds in the opinion of the promoters of acoustic heart sound registration and its individual interpretation. Rather, the acts of subjective hearing and objectively reporting what was heard seemed “self-evident” for pathophysiological characteristics and the development of a diagnosis. Therefore, auscultation and phonocardiography coexisted with different emphases. While auscultation remained the method of choice for a bedside diagnosis, phonocardiography played its role in differential diagnostics or research settings.     

计量从哪里来?你知道吗?

<正>"计量"是关于测量及其应用的科学,也是实现单位统一、保证量值准确可靠的活动。计量自古以来就与人类活动有着十分密切的关系,已经深深地植根于人们的生产和生活之中。历史上,计量称"度量衡",代表着与生产、贸易相关的单位和制度。在现代社会,计量对社会进步的促进作用日益重要,不断被赋予法制、     

Erh?hung des W?rmeüberganges durch Wirbelinduktion in Oberfl?chendellen

The paper presents a review of the research results in the field of development of an innovative cooling approach using dimpled surfaces. This alternative approach shows many advantages as compared with the existing conventional cooling methods. Heat transfer from a dimpled surface related to that from an equivalent flat plate can attain values between 2 and 2,5 whereas the increase in hydraulic pressure loss is much less than the one in other methods. The investigations of the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic properties of the flow within dimples demonstrate that a further optimization of the dimple form and the cooling passage geometry can substantially raise the attractiveness of the new cooling approach.

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Zusammenfassung In diesem Artikel wird eine Übersicht der Forschungsergebnisse auf dem Gebiet der Entwicklung einer neuartigen Kühlungsmethode mittels Dellenoberflächen gegeben. Diese alternative Methode weist viele Vorteile im Vergleich zu den zurzeit eingesetzten ,,konventionellen Verfahren auf. Die Wärmeabgabe einer Dellenoberfläche bezogen auf die Wärmeabgabe einer äquivalenten glatten Platte kann Werte zwischen 2 und 2,5 erreichen, während die entsprechenden Druckverluste wesentlich weniger als bei den anderen Methoden ansteigen. Alle bisherigen Untersuchungen der strömungsmechanischen und thermodynamischen Eigenschaften der Strömung in Dellen zeigen, dass weitere Optimierungen der Dellenform und der Geometrie der Kühlkanäle die Attraktivität dieser alternativen Kühlungsmethode wesentlich erhöhen können.

     

问题讨论?

问:在印相和放大时经常会遇到什么问题?如何处理? 答:在印相和放大照片时,经常遇到的问题和处理方法可归纳如下: 一、底片遇到的问题产生的原因防止和补救的方法底片密度过小。     

问题讨论?

问:提高彩正清晰度可采用什么有效措施? 答:影象清晰度是鉴定胶片质量好坏的重要标志之一。影响胶片清晰度的基本因素有:显影后影象的颗粒大小和曝光时光在乳剂中散射造成的影象扩散程度。颗粒大小主要取决于乳剂颗粒结构以及在某种程度上决定于曝光量和显影条件,如显影时间和显影液特性。显影后颗粒大小的变化为0.1～2微     

Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations of?the?Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition for?Two-Dimensional Disordered Bose-Hubbard Model

In two-dimensional (2D) Bose systems, it is well known that Koterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition occurs. In this report, we perform quantum Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the 2D disordered Bose-Hubbard model. The chemical potential is assumed to depend on the site randomly and its distribution is given by a Gaussian distribution. The KT transition is confirmed from the finite-size analysis of superfluid density and the critical exponent of correlation function. By changing the variance of the Gaussian distribution, we found that the transition temperature decreases as the variance increases. The phase diagram is obtained to show the superfluid and the disordered phases. We try to understand our results by using the concept of ??percolation??.