Interfacing a Stand-Alone Diagnostic Expert System with a Hospital Information System

Few diagnostic decision-support systems are in routine clinical use, mainly because these systems typically require time-consuming manual data entry. This research investigated the feasibility of reducing manual data entry by integrating a stand-alone diagnostic expert system with an existing comprehensive hospital information system (HIS). A knowledge-based intervocabulary mapping technique was developed to map disparate vocabularies. The results of a retrospective study indicate that transferring clinical data from the HIS to the diagnostic expert system at the beginning of a workup significantly reduces the manual data entry required for generating the correct diagnoses for patients.     

机车故障智能诊断系统中通信实现

近年来我国铁路机车的维修体制逐步从计划维修向状态维修过渡，机车的故障诊断系统不断发展。在基于专家系统的机车故障诊断系统中，机车检测智能仪表要向专家系统发送检测数据，专家系统向检测智能仪表设置各种参数，为了使信息和数据在专家系统与检测智能仪表之间有效地传递，本文讨论了机车故障智能诊断系统与检测智能仪表的通信实现。     

船舶防止海洋污染设施专家系统的研究

随着我国航运事业的日益发展 ,船舶对海洋造成的污染也日益严重。根据实际的需要研究开发了一个集声音、图像和文本等多种媒体信息输入、显示、查询和处理于一体的多媒体计算机船舶防止海洋污染的专家系统。该专家系统将实现故障诊断、故障处理、设备管理、运行工况优化、教育咨询等功能 ,对船务公司的机务部门管理所有船舶的防污染设备有重要的现实意义。     

基于专家知识和模糊推理的大科学装置故障诊断方法

针对大科学装置技术综合、结构复杂、系统庞大,在故障诊断方面面临的故障机理不清楚,难以建立精确的数学模型;诊断信息不完整、不精确,难以进行确定性推理;诊断数据受限,无法实现数据驱动等诸多问题。提出了基于专家知识和模糊推理相结合的故障诊断方法和模式匹配算法,通过模糊因子的引入和基于数据库的模糊诊断知识可视化建模方法的使用,解决了故障诊断环节的诸多不确定性问题,形成了面向用户的模糊专家系统故障诊断基础平台,并在某大型激光驱动装置测试验证平台中得到初步应用,实现了电气驱动及控制系统故障的智能诊断。     

Taking decisions in the expert intelligent system to support maintenance of a technical object on the basis information from an artificial neural network

In this paper, an intelligent operation system, which consists of an intelligent diagnostic subsystem (with a neural network) and an intelligent maintenance subsystem (with an expert system), was presented and discussed. The artificial neural network and the expert system, which use the information developed in the neural network, perform a special function in this system. The functional combination of the artificial neural network and the expert system together created a new solution in the form of an intelligent system, which was referred to as an intelligent maintenance system. This article also covers decision-making methods that are used in an expert maintenance system and whose purpose is an organization and control of the process of the prevention of technical objects. For this purpose, the method was described of taking decisions by an expert for complex parametric type hypotheses and for simple finished type hypotheses in the set of possible decisions’ hypotheses. A considerable part of this paper covers the presentation of the method to transform diagnostic information into the required form of maintenance information. For this purpose, an algorithm of the work of maintenance system was performed and descried. In the creation process of the maintenance knowledge base, the specialist knowledge of a human specialist was also used. Hence, a skilful and proper taking of decisions by an expert to create this set of information is essential. Two inference methods were characterized and described in this paper. The theoretical results obtained were verified in the examination of the influence of each of these decision-making inference methods on the final results of the process of the prevention treatment of an object.     

SMR (simulating medical reasoning): an expert shell for non-AI experts

SMR is an expert system shell designed to put the tools for knowledge acquisition directly into the hands of the domain expert. Since the knowledge base is represented as free text within a simplified syntactic structure, it is intelligible to anyone familiar with medical terminology. The knowledge base includes the rules for inference making as well as data groupings and protocols to facilitate case recording. In this paper, SMR is presented from the expert's point of view, describing the rule syntax and procedures for formulating the required diagnostic or therapeutic knowledge in the chosen domain. Similarly, the end-user's application of the system to patient data and the provisions for exploring and explaining the system's conclusions and reasoning processes are detailed. Avoiding tedious and often inane dialog, the user enters all that is known about the patient and receives a report of the system's conclusions and recommendations followed by a list of observations to be made in patient follow-up. An expert system for evaluating the diabetic patient is used to illustrate system operations.     

On the applicability of diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in an expert system

-2/ is a medical expert system developed to assist in the differential diagnosis of rheumatic diseases. Based on fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, it supports the formalization of vague and uncertain medical information (i.e., medical entities and relationships between them) and draws justifiable conclusions from these imprecise data. Given a patient's finding patter, -2 provides confirmed and excluded diagnoses, diagnostic hypotheses, and suggestions for further examinations. The knowledge base of -2 has been designed to contain simple finding/disease relationships as well as diagnostic rules of high complexity to confirm or hypothesize disease. We shall present results obtained with 300 clinical cases from a hospital for rheumatic diseases. Different rules for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis based upon classification criteria issued by the American Rheumatism Association were tested against each other. That diagnostic rule which had shown the best results was then further improved by a rheumatology expert, which finally yielded a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 95.3%.     

A generic information extraction architecture for financial applications

The advent of computing has exacerbated the problem of overwhelming information. To manage the deluge of information, information extraction systems can be used to automatically extract relevant information from free-form text for update to databases or for report generation. One of the major challenges to the information extraction is the representation of domain knowledge in the task, that is how to represent the meaning of the input text, the knowledge of the field of application, and the knowledge about the target information to be extracted. We have chosen a directed graph structure, a domain ontology and a frame representation, respectively. We have further developed a generic information extraction (GIE) architecture that combines these knowledge structures for the task of processing. The GIE system is able to extract information from free-form text, further infer and derive new information. It analyzes the input text into a graph structure and subsequently unifies the graph and the ontology for extraction of relevant information, driven by the frame structure during a template filling process. The GIE system has been adopted for use in the message formatting expert system, a large-scale information extraction system for a specific financial application within a major bank in Singapore.     

TIREDDX: an integrated intelligent defects diagnostic system for tire production and service

Tire manufacturing is a complicated process due to the number of processing variables involved, dealing with more than 80 raw materials undergoing six main processing steps. Accordingly, the quality of a tire and its efficiency in use depend highly on the raw materials quality and the processing variables. Consequently, in order to properly diagnose a defect (quality parameter) in a tire, the manufacturing history data of that particular tire is essential, with the raw materials inspection results, as the starting point, and going through all manufacturing steps, to the final inspection results and customer claims.This study presents an integrated tire defects diagnostic expert system (TIREDDX) that can be applied during production and service. The main objective of developing a diagnostic integrated expert system is to achieve an integrated diagnostic procedure. The developed system is able to diagnose the probable cause(s) of the defect by tracing the acquired quality and production information at the various steps of tire manufacturing processes, starting from the serial number the defected tire. Implementing such a system significantly reduces the time consumed in tire defect diagnosis, increases the consistency of diagnosing decision-making, and better utilizes the company's management information system. Moreover, it can be regarded as an advisory tool to those having much technical experience and as a training tool for less-experienced personnel those who seek guidance and advice.TIREDDX comprises two main modules: manufacturing history databases and diagnostic expert system. The system was developed and implemented in one of the leading truck tires production companies in Egypt, where satisfactory results were achieved.     

文本挖掘中的中文分词算法研究及实现

文本挖掘是指使用数据挖掘技术，自动地从文本数据中发现和提取独立于用户信息需求的文档集中的隐含知识。而中文文本数据的获得是依靠中文信息处理技术来进行的，因而自动分词成为中文信息处理中的基础课题。对于海量信息处理的应用，分词的速度是极为重要的，对整个系统的效率有很大的影响。分析了几种常见的分词方法，设计了一个基于正向最大匹配法的中文自动分词系统。为了提高分词的精度，对加强歧义消除和词语优化的算法进行了研究处理。     

Adaptive control with expert system based supervisory functions

A supervisory architecture is presented that makes use of a time distributed interactive diagnostic paradigm to detect and treat problems with adaptive controllers. Characteristics of the diagnostic process for problems with adaptive controllers are discussed from a control engineer's view point, and it is shown that, in general, diagnosis evolves over time as information becomes available through experimentation with the adaptive controller. An expert system framework is described which supports this style of diagnosis and a detailed treatment of the knowledge representation used is given. Simulations of the expert supervised adaptive controller are provided, and it is shown that even in the case where event driven diagnostic cannot be used because of incomplete sensory information, the interactive supervision paradigm is able to resolve performance problems^ in an adaptive controller     

Natural-language understanding at BBN

Natural-language understanding has evolved from its earliest days in which scientists use an early approach to parsing, to more sophisticated techniques that enable systems to extract information from open-domain text sources to fill data bases automatically. Natural language processing has many potential applications, such as translating foreign-language documents on the Web; automatically routing questions to an appropriate expert at a help/service telephone number; fully automatic question answering; delivering answers to a Web query, as opposed to delivering pointers to Web pages; and automatically filling a structured database with desired information from text or speech sources.     

老旧建筑安全鉴定辅助决策系统的初步开发

以老旧建筑的表观检测数据或震害调查结果为依据,利用区间分析方法、模糊综合评判模型、专家系统的构造思想等最新信息处理技术建立起整套的老旧建筑安全鉴定辅助决策系统(专家系统).系统按照检测管理步骤(现场监测→数据处理→专家评价),分为数据录入及管理、等级评定、专家评价三大模块.该系统不但可以帮助建筑物管理者处理大量的检测数据,评价既有建筑物的安全等级,还可以根据老旧建筑物的实际情况,给出专家的最佳管理方案.     

文本挖掘中的中文分词算法研究及实现

文本挖掘是指使用数据挖掘技术,自动地从文本数据中发现和提取独立于用户信息需求的文档集中的隐含知识。而中文文本数据的获得是依靠中文信息处理技术来进行的,因而自动分词成为中文信息处理中的基础课题。对于海量信息处理的应用,分词的速度是极为重要的,对整个系统的效率有很大的影响。分析了几种常见的分词方法,设计了一个基于正向最大匹配法的中文自动分词系统。为了提高分词的精度,对加强歧义消除和词语优化的算法进行了研究处理。     

Design and implementation of an environmental decision support system

An environmental decision support system is a specific version of an environmental information system that is designed to help decision makers, managers, and advisors locate relevant information and carry out optimal solutions to problems using special tools and knowledge. The RAISON (Regional Analysis by Intelligent Systems ON microcomputers) for Windows decision support system has been developed at the National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, over the last 10 years. It integrates data, text, maps, satellite images, pictures, video and other knowledge input. A library of software functions and tools are available for selective extraction of spatial and temporal data that can be analysed using spatial algorithms, models, statistics, expert systems, neural networks, and other information technologies. The system is of a modular design which allows for flexibility in modification of the system to meet the demands of a wide range of applications. System design and practical experiences learned in the development of a decision support system for toxic chemicals in the Great Lakes of North America are discussed.     

Bone Browser a decision-aid for the radiological diagnosis of bone tumors.

Bone Browser, a decision-aid for radiological diagnosis of bone tumors, was developed in cooperation with the Radiology Department of the Rambam Medical Center, Haifa. The system offers case specific advice from an expert system (ES), general information on the lesion area and allows for recording and retrieving cases. The ES utilizes both rule-based and probabilistic inferencing methodologies to arrive at a differential diagnosis (DD). The knowledge base was validated on 105 cases with known outcome. Clinical evaluation consisted of 59 new cases whose final diagnosis was not known to the evaluators. The correct diagnosis was included in the system's DD in 85% of the cases, which is comparable to the diagnostic accuracy of senior radiologists (88%). The system proved to be helpful to the expert, diagnosing cases missed by the radiologists and suggesting additional diagnoses not listed by the radiologists, raising their diagnostic capability to 91%.     

专家系统在机械手故障诊断中的应用

本文介绍一个用于煤饼装箱机械手电气故障的专家诊断系统.专家诊断系统与机械手控制系统通过信号联络线同步运行,能够实时、在线地检测和诊断步进电机的驱动电路.专家诊断系统以单片机8031为核心,执行汇编语言程序,采用产生式规则建立知识库,用广度优先搜索法进行向后推理,运用并行推理方式提高搜索速度.样机运行结果表明,专家诊断系统达到了设计要求.     

基于粗糙集的电力设备故障诊断

针对当前专家系统知识获取瓶颈的难题,提出了基于粗糙集数据挖掘的电力设备故障诊断方法,首先对电力设备历史数据、基础信息数据库和缺陷信息数据库进行区分,接着简约数据并建立故障诊断决策表,采用粗糙集数据挖掘方法对在线数据进行决策判断,推断出潜在的诊断规则,这对电力设备故障预报及诊断系统的设计具有借鉴意义和深入研究的价值。     

可规避文本信息拦截的“火星文”生成隐写系统

近些年来,由于互联网企业竞争激烈,各平台文本信息存在着相互恶意拦截的问题,这往往给用户带来不便甚至造成损失。目前,在中文文本信息过滤领域中,“火星文”在规避关键词屏蔽方面效果显著。然而,随着人工智能的快速发展,检测技术不断提升,仅仅依靠规避关键词屏蔽已然不足以确保文本信息传递的安全性,文本关键信息仍然存在着被拦截的风险,这是由于这类关键信息的呈现模式通常具有规律性。为了解决这类问题,本文采用了文本信息隐藏技术。鉴于传统文本隐写算法的局限性,本文提出了一种基于“火星文”生成的文本隐写系统。该文本隐写系统利用“火星文”较于传统平面媒介的语言形式而言,信息冗余度高的特点,将重要内容隐藏至文本中。该文本隐写系统主要由预处理、控制以及隐写三大基本模块组成。通过对汉字结构特征的研究以及“火星文”构字方式的分析,本文设计出了6种隐写子模块以供信息嵌入与提取。实验结果分析,所提出的隐写方案的嵌入容量高于同类型隐写方案,且具有较强的鲁棒性。此外,我们给出该文本隐写系统在互联网中的一个具体应用,从而体现其实用性。