12CaO·7Al2O3 炉渣与合金钢液的反应

 12CaO·7Al2O3炉渣组成为w(SiO2)=6%,w(Al2O3)=46%,w(CaO)=48%,与合金结构钢钢液进行了实验室试验。结果表明,该渣具有很高的碱度,90 min反应结束后钢中w(TO)=0000 6%~0001 3%,w(S)=0000 4%~0001 0%。同时得出为控制钢中总氧含量应将炉渣碱度控制在9左右,钢中生成的夹杂物大都是低熔点、球状、尺寸很小的钙镁铝硅酸盐类夹杂物,这类夹杂物能够避免钢材产生各向异性,并且在轧制时能够稍许变形,能够提高钢材的抗疲劳性能。     

高频燃烧-红外吸收法测定铜中硫

研究了高频燃烧 红外吸收法测定铜中硫的最佳实验条件。通过正交试验确定了试样量、氧气压力和氧气流量最佳条件分别为3 g、15 bar和150 L/min。试样尺寸和坩埚位置分别影响SO2的释放曲线峰位和峰值,从而影响测定结果的准确度和精密度。试验表明,当试样尺寸约为1 cm×05 cm×02 cm,坩埚位于线圈的底部,测定结果最好。为了减少熔样过程中熔渣飞溅与起泡对测定的影响,采用在样品表面加盖15 g左右惰性覆盖物的方法,覆盖物的最佳尺寸大约在3 mm ×3 mm ×3 mm。实验选用BY0211 2紫铜标准样（w (S)= 0006 4%）和阴极铜内控样（w (S)= 0000 4%）进行仪器校正,并测定了方法检出限为0000 03%。采用本方法测定粗铜内控样和紫铜标准样,测定结果与参考值或者认定值一致,相对标准偏差（RSD ,n=11）小于27%。     

含铌齿轮钢的晶粒长大动力学

 利用金相试验方法和理论模型研究了几种Nb微合金化齿轮钢的奥氏体晶粒长大动力学。结果表明,试验钢中Nb含量分别为w(Nb)=0%、004%、006%和008%,奥氏体化温度在900~1 200 ℃范围,奥氏体化保温时间为15~600 min条件下,由于NbC颗粒的钉扎晶界作用,齿轮钢中添加微量Nb,可有效阻止奥氏体晶粒粗化,而且随Nb含量的增加,晶粒细化效果越明显。     

碳铬镍含量对高铬铸铁测温保护管性能的影响

通过高温氧化和高温磨损实验,研究了C、Cr、Ni 3个主要元素对高铬铸铁在高温条件下抗氧化和抗磨损性能的影响。结果表明:Cr含量越高,抗氧化性能和抗磨损性能越好;提高碳含量,明显提高高铬铸铁的高温抗磨性能;当w(Cr)=16％时,加入Ni能提高高铬铸铁的高温抗氧化性能;w(Cr)=30％时,Ni对高铬铸铁的抗氧化性能和抗磨损性能影响不明显.在1100℃以下,选用w(C)=2.8％,w(Cr)=30％、不加Ni的高铬铸铁铸造高温抗磨热电偶保护管,既有较好的使用寿命,又可降低成本.     

高炉渣中非晶态及晶态含量的定量分析

利用X射线衍射法分析了高炉渣中的非晶态和晶态含量,高炉渣（主要成分为w（CaO）382%,w（SiO2）357%,w（Al2O3）163%,w(MgO)83%）中晶态与非晶态含量的定量比例系数为070。     

纳米TiO2改性彩色涂层钢板的涂层老化性能

 采用超声预分散结合湿球磨法和分散剂复配方式对纳米TiO2进行表面改性处理,研制了均匀稳定分散的纳米TiO2分散液,表征了纳米TiO2改性后的彩涂板涂料及涂层性能。结果表明：纳米TiO2在分散液中的粒径集中分布在60~100 nm范围,可完全吸收330 nm左右的紫外线,对长波紫外线的散射吸收作用强于对短波紫外线的散射吸收。纳米TiO2改性彩涂板涂料用量为w(TiO2)=20%~30%。纳米TiO2改性处理可提高涂层柔韧性和附着力,减少涂层色差变化,降低失光率。涂层抗紫外老化性能优于同类传统彩涂板涂料涂层。     

w(MgO)对本地高硅铁精粉球团强度影响

采用铁矿粉基础特性测定系统和偏光显微镜,对本地高硅铁精粉M、Y以及低硅精粉进行基础特性实验并通过矿相分析研究了w(MgO)对球团强度的影响。铁矿粉基础特性实验结果表明：M粉同化性温度较高且连晶强度较高,适宜用作造球的主要原料;混合料的合理配比为M粉∶Y粉∶低硅精粉=5∶3∶2,在此配比下的w(SiO2）约为55%~56%。然后进行压块焙烧实验,研究结果表明：随着w(MgO)的提高,压块抗压强度呈先升高后降低的趋势,在w(MgO)=18%时达到最高,为3531N/个;当w(MgO)=18%时,矿相主要为赤铁矿相,赤铁矿结晶最好并连接成片,硅酸钙相较少,粘结相和铁酸钙相一定程度上稳定了整体的结构,强度达到最高;而随着w(MgO)继续增多,铁酸镁相增多,抑制了赤铁矿的结晶,连接晶发育差,晶粒细小分散,强度降低。     

CaF2-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO五元渣系的电导率

 为了系统研究五元含氟渣系各组元对熔渣电导率的影响,根据5因素2次正交旋转回归法设计渣系,使用RTW-10熔渣物性测定仪,采用交流4探针法,测定了1600℃下各渣系的电导率;研究了各组元对含氟渣系电导率的影响。结果表明：当CaF2的含量(质量分数,下同)在10%~75%时,随着Al2O3和SiO2含量的增加电导率逐渐减小,而随着CaF2、MgO和CaO含量的增加电导率逐渐增大;在w(Al2O3)=20%、w(MgO)=10%和w(CaF2)=50%时,当w(CaO)小于7%,随着w(SiO2)的递增电导率逐渐减小,而当w(CaO)大于7%时,随着w(SiO2)的递增电导率逐渐增大;在w(SiO2)=10%、w(MgO)=10%和w(CaF2)=50%时,当w(Al2O3)小于11%时,随着w(CaO)的递增电导率逐渐减小,当w(Al2O3)大于11%,随着w(CaO)的递增电导率逐渐增大。     

Q345钢精炼过程夹杂物成分的变化

通过工业试验研究了Q345钢在钢包精炼过程和RH处理过程中夹杂物成分的变化。结果表明:通过与高碱度、低氧化性渣的反应,钢水中的大部分Al2O3夹杂物转变为具有较低熔点的CaO-Al2O3-MgO夹杂物。研究了RH处理后钙的加入量对夹杂物成分的影响。结果表明:当钢包顶渣的成分控制在w(CaO)=50%～55%、w(CaF2)=5%～8%、w(Al2O3)=25%～30%、w(SiO2)=5%～8%、w(MgO)=5%～10%、w(FeO)<1%,经过钢包精炼和RH处理,每吨钢水中加入0.12 kg钙后,钢水中夹杂物的平均成分处于低熔点(≤1 500℃)区。     

粉末冶金文摘

20 0 4 0 30 1　烧结气氛对不锈钢耐蚀与力学性能的影响/SamalPK等/ /PM2 TEC 2 0 0 1对比了不锈钢在氢气与分解氨中的烧结。氢气中烧结避免了氮化铬沉淀,得到较好的耐蚀性。分解氨使钢具有较好的力学性能。两种不锈钢试样在12 6 0℃氢气、H2 10 %N2 或分解氨中烧结,以三种不同速度冷却。在H2 - 10 %N2 中烧结,有良好的耐蚀与力学综合性能。2 0 0 4 0 30 2　Ti(C ,N)增强高速钢的力学与磨损性能/GordoE等/ /IntJRefractMetals/HardMater ,2 0 0 1,19(4- 6 ) :319～32 3由粉末冶金工艺制备了含2 .5 %～5wt%Ti(C ,N)的增强M 2 / 3…     

镁对X120管线钢夹杂物的作用

 运用热力学计算了X120管线钢中氧化镁及其复合夹杂物在钢液中的析出条件,以X120管线钢酸溶铝目标质量分数0.025%为例,0.00046% 0.0033%,钢中将有MgO生成。在X120管线钢的成分下,w(［Ti］)=0.016%时,w(［Mg］)=00008%就可以生成2MgO·Ti2O3复合夹杂。微镁处理的X120管线钢中的夹杂物全部是细小的含镁复合氧化物或是含镁氧化物与硫化物的复合夹杂。镁处理钢中的夹杂物小于2 μm的占85%,2~5 μm的占14.5%,5~10 μm的夹杂物仅有0.5%,看不到大于10 μm的夹杂物,大大优于钙处理钢。     

A New Series of Mo-free 215Cr-35Ni-xW-02N Economical Duplex Stainless Steels

A new series of economical Mo-free duplex stainless steels 21.5Cr-3.5Ni-xW-0.2N(x=1.8-3.0,mass%) have been developed.The effects of W on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance were investigated,and the microstructures were analyzed by optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction.The designed steels have a balanced ferrite-austenite relation and are free of sigma phase after solution treatment at 750-1 300℃for 30min followed by water-quenching,whereas a small number of Cr23 C6 precipitates were found after solution treatment at 750℃.After solution treatment at 1 050℃,the steel with 1.8%(mass percent)W exhibits the highest room temperature tensile strength due to the strongest work hardening effect, while the steel with 3.0%(mass percent)W exhibits the highest fracture elongation owing to the transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)effect.The ductile-brittle transition(DBT)and martensite transformation are respectively found in the ferrite and austenite,which deteriorates the impact properties of the steels with the increase of W content.The corrosion resistance of the designed steels is improved with the increase of W content.The pitting resistance of austenite is obviously better than that of ferrite for the designed alloys.Among the designed steels,the steel with 1.8%(mass percent)W is found to be an optimum steel with excellent comprehensive properties and lowest production cost.     

碳含量对Cr17Mo型耐蚀塑料模具钢组织和性能的影响

试验研究了成分(％)为:0．39C,0．70Ni,16．73Cr,1．07Mo和0．53C,1．05Ni,16．87Cr,0．96Mo两种Cr17Mo型耐蚀塑料模具钢的淬回火组织、力学性能和耐蚀性能。试验结果表明,当Cr17Mo型钢中碳含量由0．39％提高至0．53％时,经1 060℃淬火,475℃回火后该钢的峰值硬度HRC值由46．5提高到53．4;两种试验钢在弱酸、氧化性酸和1％盐酸中均有较高的耐腐蚀性能。     

Effects of Cu on Corrosion Resistance of Low Alloyed Steels in Acid Chloride Media

The corrosion resistance of two kinds of low alloyed steels was studied according to the test procedures for qualification of corrosion resistant steel for cargo oil tanks issued by International Maritime Organization.The results indicated that the addition of Cu improved the corrosion resistance of the NS-D36 steel to more than three times that of the conventional D36 steel in the strong acid solution containing chloride(10% NaCl,pH=0.85).The anodic polarization behavior of the copper-bearing steel was studied by polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and alloying element Cu showed beneficial effects including an active potential range,low current density and high transfer resistance of electric charge.The rust layer was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Auger electron spectroscopy(AES),and the results pointed out that the mechanism of copper′s beneficial effects was based on the suppression of anodic dissolution by metallic copper re-deposition on the steel surface immersed in the strong acid chloride media.     

氮、碳、锰对介稳奥氏体锰钢力学性能及耐磨性的影响

 研究了氮、碳、锰等合金元素对介稳奥氏体锰钢力学性能及耐磨性的影响。结果表明,在中、小冲击磨损工况条件下,由于应力波效应,决定锰钢耐磨性的因素有2个：加工硬化性和机械强度,而且2个因素相互制约,只有当这2个因素的提高幅度都较大时,其耐磨性才能大幅度提高。将15C 127Mn奥氏体锰钢的碳的质量分数大约降至1%,锰的质量分数降至≤8%,同时加入质量分数约01%的氮时,可得到一种新型耐磨材料——氮微合金化介稳奥氏体锰钢。     

22Cr High-Mn-N Low-Ni Economical Duplex Stainless Steels

 A new family of economical duplex stainless steels in which N or Mn was substituted for Ni with composition of 22Cr-80Mn-xNi-10Mo-07Cu-07W-03N (x=05-20) have been developed by examining the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of these alloys. The results show that these alloys have a balanced ferrite-austenite relation. In addition, the alloys are free of precipitation of sigma phase and Cr-nitride when solution-treated at 750 to 1300 ℃ for 30 min. The yield strength, tensile strength and fracture elongation values of experimental alloys solution-treated at 1050 ℃ for 30 min are about 500, 750 MPa and 400%, respectively. Low-temperature impact properties can be improved distinctly with the increase of nickel content. Among the designed DSS alloys, the alloy with Ni of 20% is found to be an optimum alloy with proper phase proportion, better low-temperature impact properties and higher pitting corrosion resistance compared with those of other alloys. The mechanical and corrosion properties and lower production cost of the designed DSSs are better than those of AISI 304.     

碳含量和组织类型对低合金钢耐蚀性的影响

 研究了碳含量不同和显微组织不同的低合金钢的耐腐蚀性能和腐蚀行为,并和商业耐候钢09CuPCrNi做了相应的比较。在碳含量比较低的情况下,组织类型对试验钢的耐蚀性影响不大;碳含量比较高时,单相贝氏体钢的耐蚀性优于由铁素体、渗碳体(珠光体)等构成的复相组织钢。轧后水冷时,不同碳含量的钢耐蚀性差别不大;轧后空冷时,碳含量低的钢的耐蚀性优于碳含量较高的钢。用扫描电镜对锈层进行观察,可以看出耐蚀性较好的试样在腐蚀后期形成了较致密的内锈层。碳的质量分数分别为0.03%和0.1%的钢水冷后的平均腐蚀速率相差很小,但从微观角度看其点蚀发展趋势不同。加速腐蚀5个周期后,w(C)为003%的水冷钢中蚀坑尺寸不再增加,而w(C)为01%的钢中蚀坑尺寸仍有增加趋势。     

Microstructure and Properties of Mo Microalloyed Cold Rolled DP1000 Steels

  Two kinds of ultra high strength cold rolled dual phase steels have been developed by designing C Si Mn Cr and C Si Mn Cr Mo alloy systems. Tensile strength and elongation of both steels exceed 1100 MPa and 10%, respectively. The microstructures of both steels consist of massive martensite and ferrite. And the massive martensite of Mo free steel disperses in the ferrite with volume fraction of 64%. However, the massive martensite of Mo containing steel is connected or closed by small martensite islands each other, and martensite volume fraction is 69%. As to Mo free steel, the yield strength, yield ratio, and work hardening exponent n are 548 MPa, 049, and 026, respectively. As for Mo containing one, the yield strength, yield ratio, and n value are 746 MPa, 066, and 033, respectively. Besides, the ferrite of Mo free steel is deformed at the initial stage of plastic deformation. However, for Mo containing one, Mo solution strengthened ferrite and small overaged martensite islands are deformed preferentially at small strain, which causes the yield strength to reach approximately 200 MPa higher than that of Mo free steel.     

合金元素对高氮不锈轴承钢组织与性能的影响

采用金相、扫描、X射线衍射和电化学等方法研究了合金元素对高氮不锈轴承钢组织性能的影响.结果表明:钢中加氮细化组织与碳化物,析出相尺寸随着氮含量的增加而降低.高氮不锈轴承钢1030、1050℃淬火后残余奥氏体体积分数达到20％～35％,而且碳氮含量越高,残余奥氏体越多.经冷处理及回火后残余奥氏体体积分数降至7％～10.3...     

热处理对马氏体不锈钢5Cr15MoV冷轧退火板组织和性能的影响

研究了950～1 200℃正火处理对5Cr15MoV钢(%:0.50C、14.16Cr、0.66Mo、0.12V、0.39Ni)2mm冷轧退火板的力学性能和5%NaCl 35℃盐雾耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,当950～1 150℃正火处理时随温度升高,钢中碳化物减少,硬度升高;1 200℃正火处理时,钢的基体中存在一定量残留奥氏体,硬度下降;正火温度超过1 100℃时,钢的耐蚀性降低,容易发生晶间腐蚀。在1135℃正火,可取得较高的硬度和良好的耐蚀性。