光的设计：城市之光

文章为著名设计专家Augusto Morello为iGuzzini的照明规划一书所写的序言。作者从历史角度讲述了日光与人们生活的息息相关,日光对城市建筑与城市景观的影响;同时阐述了夜间照明与人们的安全,投影与空间的关系——夜间照明如何诠释黑夜;如何运用照明来重新构建一座城市白昼与黑夜的统一形象。     

四管齐下 推进城市绿色照明——江苏省城市绿色照明的探索

城市照明包括城市景观亮化与道路照明,既是满足人们夜间出行需要,又是利用灯光塑造城市夜间景观形象,展现城市历史文化和自然风貌的重要手段。国际上许多城市都采取了积极的行动,通过城市照明改善居住环境,美化城市夜间形象,促进城市商业与旅游业的繁荣与发展,给城市带来了巨大的经济效益与社会效益。随着城市照明的普遍化,城市照明工程已经成为城市运营中的“耗能大户”。因此,城市绿色照明的推广显得尤为重要。     

我国城市夜间安全导向下的照明体系规范化需求

随着社会的深入发展和对城市良好形象的塑造,人们对于城市夜间环境的质量也愈加重视。基于城市夜间环境对安全性、秩序性和景观性的规划设计诉求,本文通过分析国内夜间照明的发展现状及国外照明系统的发展动态,归纳了城市夜间照明规划在功能照明和景观照明上有关照度、色彩和标准的主要观点,并总结了推进城市夜间照明系统的规范化建设对营造城市夜间环境安全的重要意义。     

日光的利用与建筑空间的营造

文章强调日光对建筑空间和建筑节能的影响;论述了建筑的被动日光照明和主动日光照明策略;讨论了有关天然采光与建筑热工设计的问题;并以办公建筑和教育建筑为例,探讨如何利用建筑空间对日光“再创造”和选择利用的途径。     

日光的利用与建筑空间的营造

首先强调日光对建筑空间和建筑节能的影响;其次论述建筑的被动日光照明和主动日光照明策略;接着讨论有关天然采光与建筑热工设计的问题;最后以办公建筑和教育建筑为例,探讨人类应如何利用建筑空间对日光"再创造"和选择利用的途径。     

城市照明投诉案例的分析

随着城市建设步伐的加快,城市夜生活更加的丰富多彩,人们对城市夜景,夜间照明需求也逐步走向多元化,然在城市照明运营与需求中难免出现各种各样的针对城市照明需求的问题,本文针对城市照明网络理政投诉问题进行简要分析,以期得到照明运营更符合城市发展和人们生活需要。     

日光的利用与建筑空间的营造

本文首先强调日光对建筑空间和建筑节能的影响;其次论述建筑的被动日光照明和主动日光照明策略;接着讨论有关天然采光与建筑热工设计的问题;最后以办公建筑和教育建筑为例,探讨人类应如何利用建筑空间对日光"再创造"和选择利用的途径.     

城市照明总体规划与详细规划研究

近年来，随着社会经济的发展，人民生活水平的提高，人们的夜间活动需求越来越强烈；顺应时代的发展，各地城市广泛开展城市照明建设，给夜间城市带来极大繁荣，也大大的改善了城市夜间形象，并延长了广大市民的夜间活动范围，刺激了消费，促进了城市经济发展，可以说城市照明建设已深入人心。但是由于受到城市照明建设的投入机制、管理手段等诸多因素的影响，城市缺乏统一规划和设计；从而造成城市照明重点不突出，特色不明显，城市总体亮度分布不合理，并带来了严重的光污染与能源浪费。     

生态视角下的重庆照母山森林公园夜间光环境设计

以重庆照母山森林公园的夜间光环境设计全过程为例,探讨灯光对城市生活与生态环境耦合关系的影响。通过对园内鸟类、植物的分布区域及趋光属性进行调查分类,沿着对动植物干扰最小路径,考虑夜间骑行与步行的安全,以园中花、草、树、月为素材,开发出具有自主知识产权、低能耗、无侵扰光的"月光"照明投影系统,解决了人工光对动植物侵扰这一难题;以"星光"照明为题,通过布光优化、精确控光及智能控制系统的运用,大幅度降低了山脊照明的整体亮度及能耗、延长了照明设施的使用寿命。在保证视看效果的前提下,避免了城市地标高亮度照明所引发的光污染;为城市森林公园夜间光环境设计中如何平衡人与生态的关系提供了参考。     

城市夜景照明从偶然性到必然性

<正>城市夜景照明建设在各种驱动力的推动作用下快速发展,如何使城市夜景照明的成果从偶然性到必然性是值得思考的问题。本文从城市夜景照明建设的驱动力分析、城市发展建设脉络、市民的意愿与享受、城市设计在夜景照明中的作用、夜景照明设计理念等方面试图探索这一问题。一、城市夜景照明建设的驱动力夜景照明泛指所有室外公共活动空间或景物的夜间景观的照明,亦称景观照明。我国自20世纪90年代兴起城市夜景照明建设,至今已有20多年,夜景照明     

光线与照明——建筑的第四维空间

本文主要阐述了建筑照明的设计理论和方法。作者介绍了建筑照明领域的先驱－－凯利与拉姆的设计思想,光源与照明器的设计,照明器的选择,照明器的分布及光的动态特性,最后作者还提出了对有效照明的２０条建议。     

构造读书的光环境——深圳市中心图书馆照明设计

深圳市中心图书馆是一座智能化要求较高的现代化图书馆，本文从它的一般功能性照明、应急照明、室外气氛照明，阐述了如何更好地构造一个读书的光环境。     

Ambient bright light in dementia: Effects on behaviour and circadian rhythmicity

Behavioural and psychological symptoms, such as nocturnal restlessness and wandering, are seen in 90% of patients with dementia at some point in their course. Non-pharmacologic interventions, such as high-intensity lighting, can play an important role in managing these behavioural and psychological symptoms by impacting both the visual and the circadian system. In order to assess the effects of prolonged exposure to high-intensity light (about 1800 lx horizontal on table level) on behaviour and circadian rhythmicity of institutionalised older adults with dementia, ceiling-mounted luminaires emitting bluish (6500 K) and yellowish (2700 K) light were installed in an intervention group that was compared to a control group of traditional dim lighting equipment. The study was performed from May to August 2006. Effects of the lighting intervention were assessed by the Dutch Behaviour Observation Scale for Intramural Psychogeriatrics (GIP), and tympanic temperature measurements. In the bluish light scenario, a significant improvement in restless behaviour was observed in the intervention group, as well as a significant increase in the range of tympanic temperature. These effects were not found in the yellowish light scenario. Further evidence is found that high-intensity bluish light may play a role in managing restless behaviour and improving circadian rhythmicity in institutionalised older adults with dementia.     

DIALux软件在电梯照明设计中的运用

介绍了电梯行业照明装置一般的设计方法;分析了DIALux软件的特点;描述了将DIALux软件运用到电梯照明设计中的方法。     

Impact of lighting arrangements and illuminances on different impressions of a room

This study explores whether different lighting arrangements (general lighting, wall washing and cove lighting) and different illuminances (500 and 320 lux) could affect the perception of the same space. An experimental study was conducted to investigate how the qualitative aspects of space (the impressions of a space) could be enhanced with lighting. Hundred participants were first asked to choose the most suitable lighting arrangement for each impression (clarity, spaciousness, relaxation, privacy, pleasantness and order) under the 500 lux illuminance. In the second stage, they were asked to compare the two illuminances (500 and 320 lux) for the lighting arrangement they selected in the first stage. There was a statistically significant relation between impressions and lighting arrangements, also between impressions and lighting levels. Thus, different lighting arrangements and lighting levels could be used to enhance the clarity, spaciousness, relaxation, privacy, pleasantness and order of a room. The results of this study found most suitable lighting arrangements with their illuminances for each impression, which is reported in the paper.     

A case for ‘active’ daylighting by appropriate management of electric lighting

Understanding of how occupants of non-domestic buildings use electric lighting, gained from behavioural studies, indicates that the mere provision of daylighting is unlikely to lead to its useful uptake. It is suggested that the design of appropriate electric lighting control systems, including those requiring occupant action, can be related to occupancy patterns of space use and daylight availability in the space and that provision of such systems should be seen as ‘active daylighting’. It is also suggested that design for ‘active daylighting’ requires more accurate prediction of daylight availability in interiors.     

应用数字化集成设计方法实现绿色照明设计

本文阐述了绿色照明的具体体现和如何使用集成化建筑性能模拟工具(IES)达到真正的绿色照明设计.在介绍了IES软件中的采光照明模块组的同时,针对其在一幢历史办公建筑节能改造项目中的应用与运行后的实际效果进行了说明和分析.     

Exergy analysis for day lighting, electric lighting and space cooling systems for a room space in a tropical climate

Turning off the electric lamp during available daylight will save electricity, while at the same time thermal energy from solar radiation transmitted through the window will increase the space-cooling load. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the whole system that includes not only the room space with the windows and the electric lighting systems, but also the air conditioning system. For analysis of the whole system using different types of energy (i.e. electricity, solar radiation, light emitted by lamps and thermal energy), it is important to take into account the quality of these different types of energy. The concept of entropy and exergy were applied in this analysis. The purpose of this study is to show the energy use for daylighting, electric lighting, and space cooling systems as a series of exergy input, output, and consumption and reveal how a daylighting system consumes solar exergy and how electric lighting and space cooling systems consume exergy from fossil fuel. The methodology to calculate the exergy consumption of the system during a given time was developed first. This method was then applied to the lighting and cooling for a typical room. The study found that electric lighting consumes the lowest amount of exergy while the space cooling consumes the highest amount of exergy for the system.     

Simulation and perceptual evaluation of fashion shop lighting design with application of exhibition lighting techniques

Fashion shops employ visual merchandising strategies to display products through improvement of luminous environment, which can enable customers to better appreciate fashion products. Such a strategy can eventually increase sales. This study proposed a lighting plan for fashion shops that applies exhibition lighting techniques. First, a fashion shop lighting plan was proposed based on exhibition lighting techniques in museums, and a subjective evaluation was performed by simulation and visualising the design of fashion shop lighting considering various parameters. The characteristics of preference, perceptual clarity and visual attention were assessed for various lighting and correlated color temperature (CCT) conditions. Various display lighting methods in fashion shops for mannequins, tables and hangers were also evaluated. Then, an overall assessment for these objects based on the results of the subjective evaluation was discussed.     

外遮阳百叶隔热性能与采光分析

外遮阳百叶能合理控制太阳光线进人室内,减少建筑空调能耗和人工照明用电,改善室内光环境,已成为当前追求"绿色建筑"目标的一项具体措施.该文通过理论分析和模拟,借助EnergyPlus、Radiance等软件,结合光和热两方面综合考虑,对空调时期上海地区布置不同角度和活动的外遮阳百叶办公房间的空调能耗、照明能耗及室内光环境进行了模拟、分析与比较.算例结果表明:外遮阳对照明能耗和建筑光环境的影响不容忽视;夏热冬冷地区固定式遮阳百叶的不同角度设置对建筑能耗的影响较大,其中实施活动式外遮阳措施能大幅度降低建筑能耗,有效改善室内光环境.