基于物品的改进协同过滤算法及应用

针对电视产品信息资源量过载导致用户选择困难的问题,本文主要研究了基于物品的协同过滤算法在电视产品推荐系统中的改进及应用,将个性化推荐技术和电视产品系统有机结合来满足用户和运营商的需求.在推荐过程中,首先收集用户的偏好建立数据模型,以用户观看电视产品的时长作为用户偏好的显式特征,然后在传统的协同过滤算法中引入点播金额权重进行改进,并采用欧几里德距离法计算物品相似度,最后根据邻居集合预测目标用户对电视产品的观看时长,得到推荐结果.实验表明,通过引入点播金额权重这一改进能够提高推荐的准确性.     

基于项目特征模型的协同过滤推荐算法

提出一种基于项目特征模型的协同过滤推荐算法.首先根据项目特征属性建立项目特征相似模型,在此模型基础上根据特征相似项目和用户评价相似项目,计算项目之间的综合相似度,弥补了以往协同过滤推荐算法在新项目推荐方面的不足.试验结果表明,该方法不但可以有效地改善传统协同过滤算法中新项目的冷启动问题,而且确实提高了推荐系统的推荐精度.     

面向创新成果的个性化推荐模型研究

应用了基于标签系统、协同过滤的推荐算法,设计了一种面向创新成果的个性化推荐系统模型,并进行了实验分析,评价了该模型的性能.该方案的应用,可以促进创新成果的推广宣传,提升企业创新管理效能.     

广域推荐:社会网络与协同过滤(英文)

商务企业应用数据挖掘技术向潜在客户推荐产品。大多数推荐系统聚焦研究兴趣于特定的领域,如电影或书籍。使用用户相似度或产品相似度的推荐算法通常可以达到较好效果。然而,当面临其他领域问题时,推荐常变得非常困难,因为数据过于稀疏,难以仅基于购买历史发现用户或产品间的相似性。为解决此问题,提出使用社会网络数据,通过对历史的观察提高产品推荐有效性。利用人工协同过滤和基于社会网络的推荐算法的最新进展进行领域推荐工作。研究显示社会网络的应用对于产品推荐具有很强的指导作用,但是,高的推荐精度需以牺牲召回率为代价。数据的稀疏性意味着社会网络并不总是可用,在这种情况下提出一种解决方案,很好地利用了社会网络的有效信息。     

考虑时间和价格因素的Web客户需求协同推荐模型

协同过滤推荐算法是电子商务个性化推荐系统中采用最为广泛的推荐技术,但是传统的推荐方法在进行商品推荐时忽略了交易时间和产品的价格因素,从而导致推荐质量下降。针对这一问题,提出了考虑时间和价格因素的协同过滤模型,通过实验表明在计算Pearson相关系数时考虑时间和价格因素对算法的改进最为有效。     

银行CRM系统的分析与设计

银行建立以客户为中心的服务体系，对于维系老客户，争取新客户，挖掘黄金客户，增强市场竞争能力有重要的意义。目前，采用CRM管理理念，搭建服务平台，建立相应CRM系统，是银行建立性能卓越的客户服务系统的重要方法。文中介绍了CRM的管理理念和基本概念，研究了银行建立CRM系统的必要性和技术要素，给出了银行CRM系统的设计结构及其应用条件和实现步骤。并按照这一设计思路，为某商业银行初步设计实施了一套银行CRM系统。     

银行CRM系统的分析与设计

银行建立以客户为中心的服务体系,对于维系老客户,争取新客户,挖掘黄金客户,增强市场竞争能力有重要的意义.目前,采用CRM管理理念,搭建服务平台,建立相应CRM系统,是银行建立性能卓越的客户服务系统的重要方法.文中介绍了CRM的管理理念和基本概念,研究了银行建立CRM系统的必要性和技术要素,给出了银行CRM系统的设计结构及其应用条件和实现步骤.并按照这一设计思路,为某商业银行初步设计实施了一套银行CRM系统.     

基于项目特征聚类的协同过滤推荐算法

提出基于项目特征聚类的Item-based协同过滤推荐算法.该算法首先根据项目的属性特征对项目进行聚类,形成其特征相似群,然后采用一种基于预评分的相似性度量方法计算目标项的最近邻居,最终产生推荐.经实验验证该算法可以有效解决用户评分数据稀疏性和冷启动的难题,而且可以显著提高系统推荐质量.     

一种基于内容和协同过滤同构化整合的推荐系统模型

基于内容的推荐系统和协同过滤系统是最为流行的两种推荐系统,它们都有各自的优点和缺点.提出了一种基于对这两种推荐系统同构化整合的推荐模型,该算法同时拥有协同过滤推荐系统和基于内容推荐系统的优点,并且在一定程度上避免了基于内容或协同过滤的传统推荐系统各自的缺点.实验表明,该同构化整合模型与算法比传统的简单基本推荐模型、基于内容的推荐模型和协同过滤推荐模型提高了推荐的精确率.     

基于改进Canopy聚类的协同过滤推荐算法

推荐系统通过建立用户和信息产品之间的二元关系,利用用户行为产生的数据挖掘每个用户感兴趣的对象并进行推荐,基于用户的协同过滤是近年来的主流办法,但存在一定局限性：推荐时需要考虑全部用户,而单个用户往往只与少部分用户类似。为了解决这个问题,提出了基于改进Canopy聚类的协同过滤推荐算法,将用户模型数据密度、距离与用户活跃度结合,计算用户数据权值,对用户模型数据进行聚类。由于结合了Canopy的聚类思想,同一用户可以属于不同的类,符合用户可能对多领域感兴趣的情况。最后对每个Canopy中的用户进行相应的推荐,根据聚类结果与用户评分预测用户可能感兴趣的对象。通过在数据集MovieLens和million songs上与对比算法进行MAE、RMSE、NDGG三个指标的比较,验证了该算法能显著提高推荐系统预测与推荐的准确度。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).