陷阱探测器面响应均匀性的测量

对陷阱探测器的面响应均匀性进行了测量。在主要灵敏面内 ,面响应均匀性测量结果的重复性达到 4×10 -5。给出了对 S1337、S12 2 7等 4种不同硅光电二极管构成的陷阱探测器的面响应均匀性的测量结果。测量结果表明 ,不同类型探测器之间面响应不均匀性存在显著差异 ,其中 S1337构成的陷阱探测器的面响应均匀性最好。正确选择合适类型探测器 ,对保持和传递低温辐射计达到的很低的不确定度非常重要。     

探测器响应度不均匀性对测量LED平均发光强度的影响

使用响应度分布不均匀的探测器来测量光分布不均匀LED的平均发光强度时,其测量结果可能会引入显著的测量误差。设计实验装置对3种不同类型的探测器的响应度分布进行测量,结果表明带光漫射器的光度探测器响应度均匀性很差,这样的光度探测器用于测量一种白光LED平均发光强度时,响应度不均匀引起的测量误差可达2.0%。类似于光谱失配修正方法,给出了对探测器响应度不均匀性评价的方法以及响应度不均匀性评价因子c的表达式,并建议在进行LED平均发光强度测量时,应避免使用带光漫射器的光度探测器。     

基于低温辐射计的光探测器响应度基准

基于低温辐射计建立了一系列激光波长上光探测器响应度测量基准。进行了基准装置性能的研究,应用光辐射有效加热功率检验方法进行了不确定度评估。在氦氖、氩氪离子以及钛蓝宝石激光器的10个波长上测量了作为标准探测器的陷阱探测器的响应度。在氦氖、氩氪离子激光波长测量结果的不确定度达到0.8×10^-4,在钛蓝宝石激光器达到1.1×10^-4。对标准探测器的面响应均匀性、非线性、偏振响应、角度响应等特性对响应度测量结果的影响进行了研究。     

400～1700 nm绝对光谱响应度校准和量值传递

介绍了高准确度光辐射功率校准原理和方法,利用低温辐射计作为主标准器,以陷阱探测器作为传递标准,激光器作为光源,通过激光功率稳定装置,校准了硅陷阱探测器和铟镓砷陷阱探测器的绝对光谱响应度。选取476.1, 488, 514.7, 521, 568, 632.8, 647.1, 785, 852, 980, 1064, 1550,nm共12条谱线完成了校准实验,绝对光谱响应度测量不确定度均优于0.05%。通过量子效率模型得出了硅陷阱探测器的绝对光谱响应曲线。利用InGaAs陷阱探测器分立波长点的绝对光谱响应度与相对光谱响应曲线进行了验证分析。结果表明,2种陷阱探测器均可用作传递标准进行高准确度的可见光和近红外光辐射功率校准和量值传递。     

基于电校准的激光功率计响应非线性测量技术研究

响应非线性是热电型激光功率探测器的主要特性,表现为不同功率下探测器响应度的变化,对测量准确度具有重要影响.本文基于电校准方法,针对瓦级至百瓦级激光功率探测器的响应非线性测量技术展开研究.设计并建立了电校准装置,实现了不同功率下电校准响应度的自动测量.与常用的稳压或稳流模式不同,该装置具有稳功率输出模式,对于温度系数较大...     

光刻机曝光面辐照度的测量

本文叙述了用标准探测器方法对光刻机曝光面辐照度的准确测量。标准探测器绝对光谱响应度的确定及修正,给出了现场测量结果,还给出了对光刻辐射计的标定结果。并对测量结果进行了分析     

标准金点黑体炉辐射体辐射功率的测量

将光辐射功率测量用的电校准绝对辐射计与金点黑体炉在金凝固点（或熔化点）下的辐射功率进行比较，以确定绝对辐射计的系统误差。本文给出了辐射计的衍射损失，黑度修正及反射率修正，实际测量结果比计算结果大０．１９％。     

光刻机曝光面辐照度的测量

本文叙述了用标准探测器方法对光刻机曝光面辐照度的准确测量。标准探测器绝对光谱响应度的确定及修正,给出了现场测量结果,还给出了对光刻辐射计的标准定结果。并对测量结果进行了分析。     

国际动态

美国：激光测量新方法在商用低温辐射计的基础上,美国标准技术研究院（NIST）的研究人员建立了激光功率和能量测量系统。当这一系统被指定激光最佳低温辐射计（LOCR）以后,将会提高那些能够利用激光进行光学功率计校准的机构其校准的准确度。由于电校准的量热计总的标准测量不确定度是在室温下操作得出的,因而,测量不确定度被限制在0．25％。NIST的这一新系统（建立在近于液氮温度下操作的电校准的低温辐射计的基础上）在提高激光功率和能量校准服务后,将逐渐提供总的标准不确定度为0．O2％或更低的激光功率测量不确定度和向国际…     

陷光探测器偏振响应特性的研究

偏振响应特性是反映光探测器质量的重要参数。陷光探测器(陷光二极管)是低温辐射计的传递探测器。中对陷光探测器的偏振响应特性进行了测量研究，并提出了对它的数值表述方法。探测器偏振响应特性的测量结果的不确定度达到0．005％。测量结果表明，不同的反射型陷光探测器的偏振响应特性相差很大，在光辐射测量中不容忽视。     

Uncertainty analysis in the measurement of the spatial responsivity of infrared antennas

The measurement of a two-dimensional spatial responsivity map of infrared antennas can be accomplished by use of an iterative deconvolution algorithm. The inputs of this algorithm are the spatial distribution of the laser beam irradiance illuminating the antenna-coupled detector and a map of the measured detector response as it moves through the illuminating beam. The beam irradiance distribution is obtained from knife-edge measurements of the beam waist region; this data set is fitted to a model of the beam. The uncertainties, errors, and artifacts of the measurement procedure are analyzed by principal-component analysis. This study has made it possible to refine the measurement protocol and to identify, classify, and filter undesirable sources of noise. The iterative deconvolution algorithm stops when a well-defined threshold is reached. Spatial maps of mean values and uncertainties have been obtained for the beam irradiance distribution, the scanned spatial response data, and the resultant spatial responsivity of the infrared antenna. Signal-to-noise ratios have been defined and compared, and the beam irradiance distribution characterization has been identified as the statistically weakest part of the measurement procedure.     

Characterization of a polarization-independent transmission trap detector

A six-element polarization-independent transmission trap detector with coaxial input and output beams has been constructed and full characterized. The measured optical parameters are compared with their values, predicted by Fresnel equations. Measured transmittances are in agreement with the predicted values within 2 x 10(-5) in the wavelength region from 450 to 650nm. The spectral responsivity of the transmission trap detector is in agreement with the predicted values within 0.035% at 543.5- and 633.0-nm vacuum wavelengths. The spatial uniformity of the responsivity is +/-0.03% across the active area of approximately 5 x 6 mm(2), measured with a laser beam of 1-mm diameter. The angular uniformity of the transmission trap detector is better than +/-0.01% for +/-3 degrees rotation around two perpendicular axes.     

Intramural Comparison of NIST Laser and Optical Fiber Power Calibrations

The responsivity of two optical detectors was determined by the method of direct substitution in four different NIST measurement facilities. The measurements were intended to demonstrate the determination of absolute responsivity as provided by NIST calibration services at laser and optical-communication wavelengths; nominally 633 nm, 850 nm, 1060 nm, 1310 nm, and 1550 nm. The optical detectors have been designated as checks standards for the purpose of routine intramural comparison of our calibration services and to meet requirements of the NIST quality system, based on ISO 17025. The check standards are two optical-trap detectors, one based on silicon and the other on indium gallium arsenide photodiodes. The four measurement services are based on: (1) the laser optimized cryogenic radiometer (LOCR) and free field collimated laser light; (2) the C-series isoperibol calorimeter and free-field collimated laser light; (3) the electrically calibrated pyroelectric radiometer and fiber-coupled laser light; (4) the pyroelectric wedge trap detector, which measures light from a lamp source and monochromator. The results indicate that the responsivity of the check standards, as determined independently using the four services, agree to within the published expanded uncertainty ranging from approximately 0.02 % to 1.24 %.     

太阳模拟器关键参量校准方法研究

提出了一种在线校准太阳模拟器电学参量测量准确度的方法,可以实现伏安特性曲线的多量程校准,利用此方法搭建了太阳模拟器电子负载箱电流、电压、功率等关键电学参量校准装置。针对太阳模拟器辐照不均匀度、不稳定度校准装置,分析了太阳电池探测器温度和负载阻值对太阳模拟器均匀性校准结果的影响,发现对于常规尺寸156mm×156mm单晶太阳电池探测器,负载阻值应小于30mΩ;当辐照不均匀度测试过程中探测器温度保持恒定情况下,恒定温度量值大小对辐照不均匀度测量结果无影响。     

氮化镓肖特基结紫外探测器的异常特性测量

测量了CaN肖特基结紫外探测器在有、无光照下的I-V异常特性。分别用362nm和368nm光束对有源区进行横向扫描,得到了光照不同部位时探测器在无偏压、2V反向偏压下的电流。紫外光照到肖特基结压焊电极附近及透明电极边沿附近区域时,探测器在反向偏压下有较大增益,空间响应均匀性变差,在禁带内有两个增益响应峰波长——364nm和368nm。探测器在810nm光照射下,反向偏压下的光响应增益、持续光电导存在光淬灭现象。探测器紫外光照完后,俘获中心及表面陷阱所俘获的部分电荷在高反向偏置电压下老化可以通过隧穿或发射效应释放出来,经过高反向偏置电压老化完后的探测器在同一低反向偏置电压下暗电流比老化前的要小。测量结果为GaN器件的研制提供了参考数据。     

太赫兹阵列探测器响应度校准溯源研究

提出了一种太赫兹阵列探测器响应度校准溯源方法。首先,使用阵列探测器的每一像元对太赫兹辐照场中心进行逐一扫描,识别有效像元、死像元和过热像元,并对有效像元响应值进行归一化处理,获得阵列探测器的相对辐照度响应值。其次,使用中心像元对太赫兹辐照场进行扫描测量,扫描总面积大于太赫兹光斑尺寸,保证太赫兹功率被完整测量,获得中心像元与其他有效像元的太赫兹功率响应值。最后,用标准太赫兹功率计标定高莱功率计,扩展太赫兹功率校准量限,实现微瓦级太赫兹辐射功率测量溯源,用高莱功率计测得的太赫兹辐射源总功率对阵列探测器测得的积分响应值进行校准,得到阵列探测器辐照度响应绝对值。对探测器进行测量校准和不确定度分析,测得辐照度响应度的相对扩展不确定度为Urel=20%(k=2),测量结果可溯源至国家太赫兹辐射功率标准。     

Single-wall carbon nanotube coating on a pyroelectric detector

Carbon single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) are studied as the thermal-absorption coating on a large area pyroelectric detector. The SWNTs were produced by a laser vaporization method and dispersed onto the detector surface by use of a simple airbrush technique. The detector was based on a 1-cm-diameter, 60-microm-thick lithium tantalate disk having nickel electrodes. We report the spectral responsivity of the detector ranging from 600 to 1800 nm, as well as the spatial and directional uniformity at 850 nm. Using Drude and Lorentzian dielectric functions and an effective medium approximation to obtain the indices of refraction of semiconductor and metallic SWNTs, we compared the expected theoretical relative responsivity for the two types of tube with the measured relative responsivity of the detector. Values of thermal conductivity, specific heat, and damage threshold obtained from the literature are compared with properties of alternatives for thermal coatings such as gold-black and carbon-based paint.     

红外探测器光谱响应率定标方法

采用新的方法对波长范围1-3μm的红外探测器绝对光谱响应率进行定标.红外探测器的光谱响应率定标是在两套定标系统上利用两种参考探测器实现的.首先在红外光谱比较系统上利用一个平响应的腔式热电堆探测器作为参考探测器,测量待测红外探测器相对于标准探测器的连续光谱响应率;然后在可见一近红外定标系统上,利用低温辐射计和激光器在几个单立波长上进行绝对光谱响应率测量.这样,通过计算就能得出待测红外探测器在每个波长上的绝对光谱响应率.采用上述方法对TS-76探测器进行光谱响应率定标,联合不确定度小于0.95%.     

New PTB Setup for the Absolute Calibration of the Spectral Responsivity of Radiation Thermometers

The paper describes the new experimental setup assembled at the PTB for the absolute spectral responsivity measurement of radiation thermometers. The concept of this setup is to measure the relative spectral responsivity of the radiation thermometer using the conventional monochromator-based spectral comparator facility also used for the calibration of filter radiometers. The absolute spectral responsivity is subsequently measured at one wavelength, supplied by the radiation of a diode laser, using the new setup. The radiation of the diode laser is guided with an optical fiber into an integrating sphere source that is equipped with an aperture of absolutely known area. The spectral radiance of this integrating sphere source is determined via the spectral irradiance measured by a trap detector with an absolutely calibrated spectral responsivity traceable to the primary detector standard of the PTB, the cryogenic radiometer. First results of the spectral responsivity calibration of the radiation thermometer LP3 are presented, and a provisional uncertainty budget of the absolute spectral responsivity is given.