nc-Ge/Si岛基光子晶体单点缺陷腔的数值模拟与分析

阐述了利用光子晶体单点缺陷微腔来提高Ge/Si纳米岛发光效率的机理.通过3D FDTD方法计算出在平板厚度为300nm时,谐振波长随a和r/a变化的规律,即当给定r/a,h时,波长随晶格常数成次线性增加;当给定a,h时,波长随r/a的增加而减小.并从理论上给予分析.     

二维光子晶体1.55μm带隙中心的优化设计

利用平面波展开法对正方晶格二维光子晶体带隙随结构参数的变化进行了研究,计算结果表明,能带频率随着归一化半径r/a的增大有减小的趋势,带隙宽度是先增大后减小.带隙宽度随介电常数比ε的变大而增加,能带频率有减小的趋势.当格子常数a=0.594μm,r/a=0.16,ε=13时得到能带中心波长为1.55μm,最大能带归一化频率宽度为0.15.     

结构参数对二维光子晶体完全带隙影响的研究

完全带隙的分布决定了二维光子晶体特性,采用平面波展开法对三角形结构二维光子晶体的带隙随结构参数的变化进行了研究,计算结果表明：对于空气孔型二维光子晶体,当介质比εb/εa=13时,最佳归一化半径为r/a=0.48,此时完全带隙底宽度最大,最大完全带隙的宽度△ωa/2πc=0.0902;当归一化半径固定时,完全带隙的宽度随介质比的变大而增加.     

结构参数对二维光子晶体完全带隙影响的研究

完全带隙的分布决定了二维光子晶体特性,采用平面波展开法对三角形结构二维光子晶体的带隙随结构参数的变化进行了研究,计算结果表明:对于空气孔型二维光子晶体,当介质比εb/εa=13时,最佳归一化半径为r/a=0.48,此时完全带隙底宽度最大,最大完全带隙的宽度△(?)a/2πc=0.0902;当归一化半径固定时, 完全带隙的宽度随介质比的变大而增加。     

四方晶格光子晶体波导的高通滤波特性

分析了四方晶格光子晶体波导的高通滤波特性及其与波导宽度的关系,数值计算结果与微波段的实验结果相吻合.当光子晶体波导宽度在大约1.5a~2a(a为晶格常数)的范围时,透过率频谱呈现高通滤波的特性.下限截止频率随波导宽度的增加而减小.分析了光子晶体晶胞的填充率和介电常数比对高通特性的影响.利用高通特性与波导宽度的关系设计了波长-位移传感器,计算表明测量波长的相对误差达到Δλ/λ<0.0061.     

光子晶体的微腔特性

为了设计一种高品质因子的光子晶体微腔和研究单缺陷光子晶体微腔谐振模波长随晶格常数的变化规律,使用时域有限差分法(difference time-domain method)和基于Baker算法的Padé近似方法计算了半导体材料上空气孔阵列光子晶体微腔的谐振模波长和品质因子.得到的新型光子晶体微腔的品质因子达246510,单缺陷光子晶体微腔模波长随晶格常数a和孔半径r的近似为线性变化关系:当孔半径r为一常数时,表现为晶格常数改变1nm,谐振波长变化约3nm,为实际制作光子晶体微腔激光器提供了理论指导.     

光子晶体的微腔特性

为了设计一种高品质因子的光子晶体微腔和研究单缺陷光子晶体微腔谐振模波长随晶格常数的变化规律,使用时域有限差分法(difference time-domain method)和基于Baker算法的Padé近似方法计算了半导体材料上空气孔阵列光子晶体微腔的谐振模波长和品质因子.得到的新型光子晶体微腔的品质因子达246510,单缺陷光子晶体微腔模波长随晶格常数a和孔半径r的近似为线性变化关系:当孔半径r为一常数时,表现为晶格常数改变1nm,谐振波长变化约3nm,为实际制作光子晶体微腔激光器提供了理论指导.     

窄线宽光子晶体红外光滤波器研究

利用传输矩阵法研究了光通信中850nm、1330nm和1550nm三个波长的光子晶体滤波器。研究了如何通过选择各层的折射率及宽度使滤波器工作在给定的波长上并具有极窄线宽的方法。经过数值计算分别得出了工作于这三个波长上的光子晶体滤波器的参数。计算结果表明,当缺陷模厚度保持不变时,中心波长会随折射率的增大向长波移动。通过选择适当的参数,可制作出工作于850nm、1330nm和1550nm波长上的线宽为0．0001nm的极窄线宽光子晶体滤波器。     

1维光子晶体的带隙研究

为了得到给定波长为通带或禁带的光子晶体,采用光学传输矩阵方法,模拟研究了由光子带隙结构如何得到相应的光子晶体结构.通过优化计算得到了指定波长带隙结构的光子晶体.结果表明,光学传输矩阵法完全能得到给定波长为通带或禁带的光子晶体.这一结果有助于光子晶体的广泛应用.     

入射角对光子晶体杂质模的调制

运用光在分层介质中传播的特征矩阵方法,通过数值计算,研究了掺杂一维光子晶体中光子禁带及杂质模的特性随不同偏振光及入射角的变化。研究结果表明,杂质模的中心波长及整个光子禁带随入射角的增加逐渐向短波方向移动,P偏振光和S偏振光的杂质模的移动情况基本一致。但是,禁带宽度、杂质模的带宽及Q值随着入射角的增加有明显变化。P偏振光的禁带宽度随入射角增加逐渐减少,而S偏振光的禁带宽度随入射角增加先不变后增加。P偏振光的杂质模的带宽先随入射角增大逐渐增宽,入射角大于67°之后又逐渐减小,而S偏振光的杂质模的带宽随入射角增加先减小然后略有增加,Q值也发生相应变化。     

Wavelength switching by mode interference between longitudinally coupled photonic crystal channel waveguides

A wavelength switching mechanism of two longitudinally coupled and independently contacted photonic crystal channel waveguides is reported. The waveguides are coupled by a photonic crystal section of one period in /spl Gamma/-M orientation. The cavity lengths are chosen such that the cavity modes exhibit slightly different mode spacings and allow for a wavelength switching by mode interference between the two cavities.     

Characteristics of modified single-defect two-dimensional photonic crystal lasers

The resonant modes found in a modified single-defect two-dimensional photonic crystal slab structure are theoretically and experimentally studied. There exist several modes in the band gap: doubly degenerate (dipole and quadrupole modes) and nondegenerate (hexapole and monopole modes). Among them, the monopole mode specifically attracts our interest because of its nondegeneracy, good coupling with the gain medium, and existence of the intensity minimum at the center of the cavity, which would open up the chance for the electrically driven single-defect laser. The nondegenerate hexapole mode, a special type of whispering gallery mode, has a very high quality factor. We have fabricated two types of modified single-defect lasers, i.e., air-based free-standing and SiO/sub 2/-based epoxy-bonded structures. Rich lasing actions in both structures are experimentally observed under optically pulsed pumping conditions at room temperature. In the free-standing slab structure, photons are strongly confined in vertical direction, and the lasing operations of all resonant modes with low thresholds are obtained. Especially, the nondegenerate monopole-mode laser is confirmed to have a large spontaneous emission factor of >0.06, estimated by analyzing rate equations. In the SiO/sub 2/-based slab structure, thermal properties are improved at the expense of vertical losses.     

Optical properties in 1D photonic crystal structure using Si/C60 multilayers

The feasibility of using Si/C60 mulfilayer films as one-dimensional(1D)photonie band gap crystals was investigated by theoretical calculations using a transfer matrix method(TMM).The response has been studied both within and out of the periodic plane of Si/C60 multilayers.It is found that Si/C60 multilayer films show incomplete photonic band gap(PBG)behavior in the visible frequency range.The fabricated Si/C60 multilayers with two pairs of 70 am C60 and 30 nm Si layers exhibit a PBG at central wavelength of about 600 nm.and the highest reflectivity call reach 99%.As a consequence,this photonic crystal may be important for fabricating a photonic crystal with an incomplete band gap in the visible frequency range.     

一种光子晶体开放腔的特性研究

为了研究光子晶体开放腔特性,采用平面波展开法和时域有限差分法对顶角为30°楔角的光子晶体和空气槽交替组成的新型光子晶体开放腔进行了研究.研究发现,这种结构的光子晶体开放腔在两个归一化频率范围(0.3006～0.35,0.6755～0.6851)内具有负折射特性,并且在负折射频率范围内可形成一个零光程的闭合回路;光子晶体...     

Characteristics of a photonic crystal defect waveguide-coupled quantum-dot photodiode

We have investigated the characteristics of an In/sub 0.4/Ga/sub 0.6/As self-organized quantum-dot (QD) resonant-cavity photodiode. The QD epitaxy and the design of the two-dimensional photonic crystal cavity are tailored for 1.3-/spl mu/m wavelength operation. The input excitation to the photodiode is provided with an in-plane defect waveguide designed with the same photonic crystal. The measured spectral photocurrent characteristics reflect mode coupling between the waveguide and detector and the resonant cavity effect due to total internal reflection and photonic bandgap confinement. The photocurrent response is explained with a model involving the circulating fields in the cavity. The characteristics are also dependent of cavity size. Enhancement and narrowing (/spl sim/ 10 nm) of the photoresponse at /spl lambda//spl sim/1.3 /spl mu/m are observed. A spectral dip, of /spl sim/ 10-nm width, also observed at 1.3 /spl mu/m is possibly due to the anticrossing mechanism, uniquely present in photonic crystal waveguides.     

异质结构光子晶体微腔实现多通道可调谐滤波

为解决WDM系统中多信道同时滤波问题,设计并研究了缺陷对一种异质结构光子晶体多通道滤波器的调制机制,结果表明:在光子晶体环形滤波通道中引入点缺陷形成复合缺陷,可克服光子晶体环形腔结构的多模特性,实现单通道内的单纵模滤波;对于各个通道,复合缺陷中点缺陷的折射率对输出端透射谐振波长具有调谐作用,且对各通道的可调谐滤波作用彼此独立,随着点缺陷折射率的增大,输出的谐振波长出现红移现象。所设计的异质结构结构光子晶体对WDM系统实现多信道滤波功能提供理论和设计参考。     

Tunable photonic crystal coupled-cavity laser

We report the development of a tunable photonic crystal coupled-cavity laser diode based on InP. The laser consists of two photonic crystal channel waveguides that are coupled through a photonic crystal mirror segment in /spl Gamma/-M direction. The cavity lengths define the respective mode spacings in the cavities. The tuning characteristics of the device are compared with results obtained from a transfer matrix model. Quasi-continuous tuning is achieved in a 29.6-nm window with 36 wavelength division multiplexing channels spaced 0.8 nm apart (ITU grid). The simplicity of fabrication and promising output characteristics should make this tunable laser design an interesting source for monolithic integration into highly integrated photonic circuits.     

Room temperature photonic crystal defect lasers at near-infraredwavelengths in InGaAsP

Room temperature lasing from optically pumped single defects in a two-dimensional (2-D) photonic bandgap (PBG) crystal is demonstrated. The high-Q optical microcavities are formed by etching a triangular array of air holes into a half-wavelength thick multiquantum-well waveguide. Defects in the 2-D photonic crystal are used to support highly localized optical modes with volumes ranging from 2 to 3 (λ/2n)³. Lithographic tuning of the air hole radius and the lattice spacing are used to match the cavity wavelength to the quantum-well gain peak, as well as to increase the cavity Q. The defect lasers were pumped with 10-30 ns pulses of 0.4-1% duty cycle. The threshold pump power was 1.5 mW (≈500 μW absorbed)     

Broad Stopband Characteristic of Dielectric Chiral Photonic Crystals

In this paper, a novel chiral photonic crystal structure is presented. The formula of reflection coefficient of multi-layer chiral media is applied to dielectric-chiral photonic crystal structure, which is composed of thin chiral layers sandwiched by conventional media. To compare with previous literature, we consider the dielectric structure with alternate glass and GaAs layers. The power reflectance as a function of wavelength for this photonic crystal structure has been calculated. The results are in good agreement with that of Reference. However, our method is simpler. From these graphs, it is found that 100% reflectance is only in finite wavelength ranges, and reflection bandwidth is also small for conventional photonic crystal structure. For chiral photonic crystal, the results show that the chiral photonic band gap (PBG) structure gives nearly 100% reflections in the near-infrared region in addition to some parts of the visible region of the wavelengths. Therefore, it can be used as a broadband reflector and filter.     

准分形结构光子晶体的滤波特性

在考虑色散关系的基础上,利用传输矩阵法讨论了由LiF和Si组成的一维准分形结构光子晶体的透射模特征.结果表明:该准分形光子晶体的透射模半峰全宽度极窄,两介质层的几何厚度分别增加时,透射模中心波长红移,反之中心波长蓝移;且中心波长的移动量和介质几何厚度的增量间有线性关系.当介质保持基本厚度不变而入射角θ≤5°时,透射模中心不变,透射率有少许下降;θ较大时,透射模中心波长蓝移,透射率变小,入射角越大,透射率下降得越多.蓝移量也越大,且这两种变化量与入射角增量间呈非线性关系.上述结论对于准分形光子晶体滤波器的实验研究具有一定的参考价值.