现代美式家具装饰元素研究

目的分析现代美式家具的装饰元素。方法从美式家具的基本特点出发,分析美式家具的新古典、仿古和乡村式风格,并以此为基础从构件、涂饰与雕刻3方面论述现代美式家具的装饰元素,对现代美式椅类家具的具体设计实践进行分析。结论美式家具追求人文简约,摒弃复杂装饰,在不断发展中形成了独具特色的装饰元素和装饰特征。学习与借鉴美式家具的设计理念和装饰形式,必定能够为我国当前的家具设计提供更多的可能性。     

中国传统装饰元素在现代家具设计中的应用

目的探究中国传统装饰元素的功能特点和应用价值,总结其在现代家具设计中的应用策略。方法立足于现代家具与居室环境的依存关系,分析其在功能、色彩、造型、材质上的不同追求,提出现代家具设计与传统装饰元素的融合设想,从民族化、简洁化、多样化等角度探索传统装饰元素在现代家具中的表现特征,并从形的借鉴、意的延伸入手,探索龙纹装饰图案、莲花纹装饰图案以及水墨装饰元素的应用策略及实例。结论将传统文化与现代设计相融合,在家具设计中注入传统装饰元素,是体现我国设计风格的不二之选,既能继承我国传统文化,又能以全新的设计方法提升我国家具业的地位,从而在更大的层面上发扬我国的传统文化。     

广府建筑元素在竹家具设计中的应用研究

目的将广府建筑的元素进行简化、提炼并运用到家具设计中,生产出极具岭南特色的家具产品,不仅可以传承与发扬广府文化,而且也可以缓解家具行业同质化的现象。方法深入分析广府建筑装饰元素的特征、象征意义和功能;通过案例研究法收集竹家具设计的优秀案例并分析其造型、材料、配色、功能等内容,为最终设计实践提供参考;针对广府建筑屋顶、山墙、入口、窗四个部位的特征进行深入分析,选取最具代表的镬耳墙和满洲窗作为设计元素,简化、提炼后形成特征符号。结论以绿色环保的竹材为主材,结合从广府建筑提炼出的特征符号进行家具造型设计,使传统特色建筑装饰元素与家具完美融合,创造出风格独特的家具。     

动画元素在学龄期儿童家具设计中的应用

目的 研究动画元素在学龄期儿童家具设计中的应用形式和创新途径,为未来儿童家具设计行业的创新发展提供可借鉴的案例。方法 对现阶段国内学龄期儿童家具设计的局限性进行分析,通过对比动画元素特征与儿童生理心理诉求,探求两者的契合点,并基于两者的契合特征从整体性应用、局部装饰应用、动画场景还原及动画精神文化应用等方面探讨动画元素被应用在学龄期儿童家具设计中的可行性。结论 通过研究分析,得出动画元素在学龄期儿童家具设计中的应用形式主要为整体性应用、局部装饰应用、动画场景还原及动画精神文化应用。在整体性应用与局部装饰应用中,又可细分为明引、重构及比拟。结合具体设计实践验证了方法的可行性,实现了动画元素与学龄期儿童家具设计的完美融合。     

三峡地域民间家具审美特征研究

目的对三峡地域民间家具审美特征的研究,是把握和发掘三峡地域民间文化的一个窗口,也是对传统文化的传承与发展,同时为当今的家具设计和装饰设计提供素材。方法从三峡地域历史文化、地理特征影响家具文化和审美特征形成的关系入手,重点分析三峡民间家具的审美特征,分别从材质、造型和装饰这3个角度进行深入分析,以此来解读三峡地域民间家具的装饰文化和审美观念。结论三峡地域的历史人文与社会经济影响了三峡民间家具的发展;而家具的产生和演变,又反映了三峡的地域特色和文化传统,体现了民间审美观念。三峡地域的家具特色鲜明,造型简洁大方,常常就地取材,以实用性为主;在装饰上摈弃繁琐、堆砌的细节,具有明快清新、朴实无华的艺术风格和美学特征。     

晋作家具元素在新中式家具中的设计应用

目的 将山西独具特色的传统晋作家具元素融入到新中式家具设计之中,探究新晋作家具设计的途径、方法,使晋作家具得以传承、发展和创新。方法 通过对传统晋作家具元素特点的梳理、分析,对目前具有代表性的国内生产新中式家具的品牌厂商进行调研,在设计思想、材质、工艺结构等方面分析比较,同时根据从丹麦家具设计师瓦格纳的座椅设计案例中得到的启示,探索如何将传统晋作家具元素的装饰、结构、工艺、文化、意蕴应用在新中式家具设计实践中。结论 将传统晋作家具中的传统文化元素有机地融入到现代新中式设计中,使新晋作家具更具有传统文化特质。在新中式家具设计方面结合当代国际流行的简约风格,符合人体工程学的原理,使之能更好地迎合现代消费者的审美和生活需求。通过新的设计使晋作家具得以传承和发展。     

基于形状文法的傣族民居元素民宿家具设计

目的 傣族民居建筑具有独特的造型特点与艺术价值,从家具设计角度对其元素进行传承与应用,实现傣族民居元素在民宿家具设计中的创新。方法 以地域性民居建筑——西双版纳傣族民居建筑为对象,通过分析西双版纳傣族传统民居建筑特征,提取其造型和装饰要素后,利用形状文法进行造型和装饰的分析,演化结果形成新的造型和装饰素材库,利用库中元素并结合约束规则进行方案初步设计,得到相关设计成果后,运用模糊评价法对设计方案进行评价,选出初步设计方案中的最优解并进行融合设计,得出最终设计成果。结论 通过设计推导验证了形状文法在民宿家具设计中的可行性。结合设计师主观意向和客观方法指导,辅助设计师在家具设计中更科学、全面地获得相关的设计结果,能够保证民宿家具外观既具有原始元素形态特征的同时又符合现代审美的新方案产生,对传承和创新地域文化具有积极意义。     

东南亚家具设计艺术特征探析

分析了东南亚家具设计中的取材、造型、功能、装饰和文化底蕴特征,阐述了东南亚家具在本土区域文化和西方外界文化共同影响下呈现的艺术特色,通过不同材料混搭和色彩调和,在功能上舒适实用,在装饰上旖旎多彩,在造型上蕴含了拙朴自然的典雅。在此基础上,总结出东南亚家具在设计风格上既体现东西交融又凸显区域文化传承的独特艺术特色。     

文化元素在现代家具设计中的应用实践

目的 探索多样化且内涵丰富的文化元素在现代家具设计中的应用策略.方法 首先结合传统家具设计的主要特点,引出现代家具设计的现实追求.然后从现代家具对文化内涵的需求出发,就现代家具对文化元素所采用的直接应用、间接应用、解构应用和创新应用等手段进行分析.同时总结具体的应用方向,以中国结、水墨、剪纸、陶瓷等代表性文化元素在现代家具设计中的应用,展开深入的分析与探讨,挖掘切实可行的应用路径和创新策略.结论 在现代家具设计中创造性地融入优秀文化元素,能够使家具形成浓郁的民族特色和深厚的文化内涵,体现中国设计的独特风格,大大提升中国家具的社会地位.同时能够赋予家具更加旺盛且持久的生命力,为未来家具设计提供更多的思路和光明的发展前景.     

东方元素在现代家具设计中的运用

目的探究东方元素在现代家具设计中的应用策略。方法从东方元素的几个代表性国家为突破口,解读东方元素及其发展历史,接着以中国为主要对象,探索中国传统文化元素在现代家具中表现的民族化、多样化、简洁化特征,再由中国传统元素在现代家具中所体现的设计意蕴及应用方式着手,结合现代家具设计对传统文化元素的形的借鉴、关联、借代与意的延伸等方面展开论述,最后分别以文字、图案、水墨和折纸等独具东方韵味的文化元素的融入为例,就两者之间的融合与发展展开探究,分析传统的东方文化元素给现代家具设计带来的更多设计可能。结论将传统文化元素引入现代家具设计中,能够给家具设计注入传统特质,体现东方设计独特的风格,使现代家具设计得到更好的拓展和衍生。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from