蓝莓果实中花色苷提取工艺的研究

以人工栽培蓝莓果为原料,进行了蓝莓花色苷提取工艺的研究.结果显示,蓝莓花色苷最佳提取工艺为:采用15倍量、浓度为80%的酸性甲醇(pH为2),40℃提取2次,每次提取1 h.蓝莓花色苷提取率为78.2%.     

超高压提取蓝莓渣花色苷的工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

本文旨在优化蓝莓渣花色苷的超高压提取工艺并考察其抗氧化活力。本文以蓝莓渣为原料,采用单因素实验和Box-Behnken响应面分析法对蓝莓渣花色苷的提取工艺进行优化,以维生素C（V_C）为阳性对照,通过DPPH自由基清除率、羟基自由基清除率和FRAP铁离子还原能力的测定,评估蓝莓渣花色苷的体外抗氧化活性,并采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对蓝莓渣花色苷组分进行分析。结果表明:蓝莓渣花色苷的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取压力400 MPa,提取时间9 min,乙醇浓度60%,料液比1:20 g/mL,此条件下花色苷的提取量为5.93±0.06 mg/g,与传统溶剂浸提法（CSE）、超声波辅助提取法（USE）相比,超高压辅助提取（UPE）法的提取效果更好,花色苷提取量分别提高25.11%、10.02%;蓝莓渣花色苷对DPPH?清除能力最强,与同浓度的V_C相比,无显著性差异（P>0.05）;其对?OH的清除率以及FRAP铁离子还原能力则显著弱于同浓度V_C（P<0.05）;HPLC分析结果表明,蓝莓渣花色苷包含13种花色苷单体,其中锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷含量最高。因此,超高压辅助提取是一种高效的蓝莓渣花色苷提取方法,且蓝莓渣花色苷因其较强的抗氧化活性具有较好的应用价值。     

野生蓝莓果实中花色苷色素提取工艺的研究

本论文以野生蓝莓果为原料,对蓝莓花色苷的提取工艺进行了研究。结果表明:蓝莓花色苷提取的最佳条件是:乙醇浓度80%,浸提时间30min,浸提温度30℃,pH2,料液比1:10。在此条件下色素的提取率为92.4%。     

蓝莓果渣花色苷提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性比较研究

以蓝莓干果渣为原料,酸化乙醇为溶剂,应用超声辅助法提取花色苷,利用pH示差法测定花色苷含量,通过单因素实验和响应面试验优化得出蓝莓干果渣花色苷提取工艺条件,比较相同干重的蓝莓干果渣、湿果渣采用超声辅助提取和无超声辅助工艺得到的提取液的总多酚、花色苷含量及抗氧化活性。结果表明,蓝莓干果渣最佳提取工艺为液料比(31:1)mL/g,乙醇浓度63%,pH2.6,超声功率500 W,提取时间20 min,在此条件下蓝莓果渣提取液中花色苷含量为498.84 mg/100 g。相同原料,超声辅助提取工艺提取液较无超声辅助提取工艺提取液的总多酚和花色苷含量多;相同工艺条件下,相同干重的湿果渣总多酚和花色苷含量较干果渣低,但却拥有更高的抗氧化活性。     

蓝莓果渣花色苷超声提取工艺优化及组成分析

为了充分利用加工副产物蓝莓果渣,提高蓝莓的综合利用价值,超声辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷提取工艺得到了研究优化。在考察了提取溶剂、超声功率、超声时间、料液比和pH 5个因素对花色苷提取得率影响的基础上,根据Box-Behnken(BBD)试验设计原理,通过响应面分析优化出超声辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇55%(v/v)、超声功率367.57W、超声时间18.49 min、料液比1:40 g/mL、pH=1。采用最佳提取工艺条件平均提取得率为4.12mg/g,与优化模型预测值4.13 mg/g基本一致(相对误差为0.24%),验证了模型的可靠性。采用高效液相色谱与质谱联用(HPLC-MS)对花色苷提取物进行成分分析,得到3种游离花青素、11种花色苷成分,其中蓝莓果渣中花色苷成分最多的是锦葵色素糖苷(43.20%)和飞燕草素糖苷(28.97%)以及牵牛花色素糖苷(17.50%)。该文为蓝莓果渣的有效利用提供了基础和依据。     

低温连续相变萃取蓝莓花色苷工艺优化及成分分析

采用低温连续相变萃取技术提取蓝莓花色苷,以蓝莓花色苷提取量为主要指标,研究萃取温度、萃取溶剂浓度、萃取时间、萃取溶剂pH、原料堆密度等因素对低温连续相变萃取蓝莓花色苷提取效果的影响,同时通过正交实验确定最佳低温连续相变萃取蓝莓花色苷的最佳工艺条件,并将蓝莓花色苷经过高效液相色谱-质谱联用的仪器分析确定其成分及化学组成。实验结果表明:萃取温度30 ℃、萃取溶剂75%乙醇、萃取时间120 min、原料堆密度0.3 kg/L、溶剂pH3.0为萃取蓝莓花色苷最佳工艺,提取量达9.31 mg/g冻干蓝莓果。相较于普通乙醇2次浸提获得的花色苷提取量7.91 mg/g冻干蓝莓果,低温连续相变萃取工艺不仅适宜大批量工业生产推广,且能够将蓝莓花色苷提取率提高18%。由最优工艺提取所得兔眼蓝莓花色苷提取物中花青素的种类主要有矢车菊色素(C_(15)H_(11)O_6)、锦葵色素(C_(17)H_(15)O_7)、牵牛花色素(C_(16)H_(13)O_7)和芍药色素(C_(16)H_(13)O_6),各花青素含量高低次序为矢车菊素(39.12%)锦葵色素(36.91%)牵牛花色素(18.08%)芍药色素(5.89%)。     

响应面法优化超高压提取蓝莓花色苷工艺及其活性研究

为分析萃取特性和优化工艺参数,利用超高压提取技术从蓝莓中提取花色苷。采用单因素和Box-Behnken组合试验,考察提取压力、保压时间、乙醇体积分数和料液比对蓝莓花色苷含量的影响,并分析花色苷萃取特性;通过MTT法和Annexin V-FITC/PI双标记染色法分别研究蓝莓花色苷提取物对HepG2细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。结果表明超高压提取蓝莓花色苷最优工艺参数组合为:提取压力187MPa、保压时间6 min、乙醇体积分数57%、料液比1∶29(g/mL),在此条件下花色苷含量为(5.16±0.12)mg/g。体外抗肿瘤活性表明蓝莓花色苷提取物可通过抑制HepG2细胞增殖和促进其凋亡两种途径来达到抗肿瘤效果。该研究结果可为天然活性成分的提取提供一种有效方法,同时可为食品添加剂提供重要的资源。     

蓝莓果中花色苷的提取工艺研究

用不同的溶剂对蓝莓果中花色苷进行了提取,确定乙醇为较好的提取溶剂,考察了乙醇浓度、料液比、时间、pH值、温度5个因素对提取蓝莓果花色苷的影响,确定最佳提取工艺参数为60%乙醇、料液比为1g∶15mL、提取时间120min、pH值3、提取温度40℃、提取2次。采用最佳工艺条件进行提取,确定蓝莓果花色苷含量约为358mg/100g鲜果。     

蓝莓总花色苷匀浆的提取条件优化及抗氧化活性

以抗氧化活性为示踪,以总花色苷提取率和2,2-吖嗪双(3-乙基-7-苯并噻唑啉磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除能力为指标,利用匀浆法对蓝莓鲜果中的花色苷进行提取,对匀浆提取过程中的各因素在单因素试验的基础上先后采用Plackett Burman和Box-Behnken试验设计进行优化,得到蓝莓总花色苷最佳工艺条件为pH2.5、乙醇体积分数75%、料液比1:17(g/ml)、提取时间20s、提取次数1次。在此条件下,蓝莓总花色苷平均提取率为1.132%,ABTS自由基清除能力为416.8μg/ml。     

野生蓝莓果渣中花色苷提取工艺研究

以野生蓝莓果渣为原料,采用溶剂浸提法提取花色苷,采用pH示差法对花色苷含量进行测定,试验结果表明:果渣中花色苷的提取工艺为甲醇的浓度为60%,盐酸浓度为0.3%,提取温度为30℃,提取时间为2 h,此条件下花色苷的提取率最高,可达231.49 mg/100 g。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the