Nonlinear level crossing in the infrared transitions of optically pumped far infrared laser media

In conjunction with the Stark field induced power enhancement in optically pumped far infrared lasers, absorption transitions in a degenerate two level system under the influence of an weak static Stark field have been analyed. A third order theory to the density matrix formalism leads to zero field level crossing signals for absorption in rate equation approximation and in Doppler limit. For fast relaxation among Zeeman sublevels, the zero field level crossing signal arises from population effect. Optoacoustic measurements have been carried out on the ν₅,^qQ(16,8) absorption line of CH₃OH which produces the familiar 119-μm laser with the CO₂ 9P(36) pump line. The optoacoustic absorption signals observed are well reproduced by the theoretical expression.     

混沌调频雷达成像仿真

混沌调频信号类似随机信号,具有较强的抗干扰性能(ECCM)。为了提高成像雷达的抗干扰性能,该文把混沌调频信号用于成像雷达系统,使用n-Way Bernoulli映射产生混沌序列,用该混沌序列进行频率调制得到的信号具有良好的自相关特性,不但可以获得高分辨率雷达图像,还使雷达波形难于辨识。该文分析了信号模型,对点目标进行了仿真,分析了脉冲压缩波形的旁瓣特性。结果表明,混沌调频信号用于成像雷达系统可获得比较理想的点目标图像,在成像雷达系统中有良好的应用前景。     

基于BA6858FM控制的主轴伺服系统

介绍了霍尔传感器、无刷电机、BA6858FM驱动集成等元器件的结构和原理,分析了CD/DVD的主轴伺服电路的工作原理及其控制信号的产生、主轴伺服电机的转速计算。该伺服系统工作稳定,控制精度高,驱动电路有一定的参考价值。     

Programmable memory cell using quantum confined Stark effect in multi-quantum well heterojunction bipolar transistor

A three terminal bistable programmable memory cell which can be read either optically or electrically is proposed and demonstrated. The device is based on using Stark effect of the excitonic transitions in a multi-quantum well base region of a heterojunction bipolar transistor. The single device can be flipped (and held) from low transmittance (high voltage) to high transmittance (low voltage) state and vice versa by a varying base current signal.<>     

一种调频信号数字正交解调方法

本文提出了一种对调频信号进行数字解调的方法。该方法利用DDS产生的数字正交载波将调频信号进行数字下变频,利用FIR抽取滤波器和数字微分器在基带进行信号处理,从而得到调制信号。仿真结果显示,该方法在较低信噪比环境下能够准确地恢复调制信号。     

The applications of the stark effect to the stabilization of the CO2 laser and the submillimeter laser

Methods based on the Stark effect are described for dither-free frequency stabilization of the optically pumped submm laser. The CO₂ pump laser was stabilized using a Stark Lamb dip signal of the submm lasant in an external Stark cell. An estimated frequency stability (Δf/f) better than ±1.4×10^?8, for one hour recording, was obtained by this method. The frequency of the submm laser was stabilized using the d.c. and a.c. Stark effects for a metal-dielectric rectangular waveguide laser. An estimated frequency stability of ±6×10^?8 was obtained for 119 μm line of CH₃OH laser for one hour recording.     

Digital audio broadcasting in the FM band by means of contiguous band insertion and precanceling techniques

A low-complexity method of linearly combining an analog frequency-modulation (FM) signal with a low-level multitone signal for simultaneous broadcasting of digital data and analog FM is proposed and evaluated. The analog FM signal can be recovered with a standard FM receiver. The digital multitone signal is added symmetrically at the band edges of the 200-kHz FM signal in contiguous bands with variable width. To maximize the data rate, the digital bandwidth is maximized subject to a maximum allowed distortion of the demodulated analog FM signal. The impact of the analog FM signal on, digital reception is cancelled by means of transmitter precanceling techniques. Conditions for precanceling techniques for multipath channels are formulated. The main advantage of the contiguous band insertion method is that the rate of the control channel is considerably lower compared to previously proposed methods of carrier insertion without significant reduction in data rate. We present a number of numerical results for acoustical signals.     

Electroabsorption modulator using intersubband transitions in GaN-AlGaN-AlN step quantum wells

We calculate the high-speed modulation properties of an electroabsorption modulator for /spl lambda/=1.55 /spl mu/m based on Stark shifting an intersubband resonance in GaN-AlGaN-AlN step quantum wells. In a realistic simulation assuming an absorption linewidth /spl Gamma/=100 meV we obtain an RC-limited electrical f/sub 3dB//spl sim/60 GHz at an applied voltage swing V/sub pp/=2.8 V. We also show that a small negative effective chirp parameter suitable for standard single-mode fiber is obtained and that the absorption is virtually unsaturable. The waveguide is proposed to be based on the plasma effect in order to simultaneously achieve a strong confinement of the optical mode, a low series resistance, and lattice-matched cladding and core waveguide layers. Extrapolated results reflecting the decisive dependence of the high-speed performance on the intersubband absorption linewidth /spl Gamma/ are also given. At the assumed linewidth the modulation speed versus signal power ratio is on a par with existing lumped interband modulators based on the quantum confined Stark effect.     

A discrete-time method of demodulating large deviation FM signals

A method of enhancing the performance of a numerical FM discriminator in specific receive signal conditions, using frequency feedback techniques, is developed and evaluated. The receive signal conditions of interest are: (1) frequency deviations that are large relative to the bandwidth of the message signal; (2) a low-uniform (complex) sample rate commensurate with the bandwidth; and (3) noise strengths that yield values of input carrier-to-noise ratio of the order of 10 dB or more. Through computer simulation, observed phase cycle-slip counts and phase noise variance estimation are used to compare the enhanced demodulator to the performance of a numerical FM discriminator baseline. Based upon the theoretical analyses and simulation results, the presented method of numerical FM demodulation is shown to be a viable technique for enhancing the performance of numerical FM discriminators under the given modulation conditions     

用声光调制器进行差拍饱和光谱学的实验研究

分别用声光晶体对氩离子激光515nm谱线作幅度和频率调制,实验研究了碘吸收的差拍饱和吸收信号。用频率调制方法得到斜率极陡的一阶微商饱和吸收信号,并将它作为鉴频曲线把氩离子激光频率稳到~(127)I_2分子的P(13)43-0的a_3线上。通过与一稳定到相同精细分量上的稳频氩离子激光器拍频,绐出激光频率稳定性优于±4.7×10~(-12)。     

Monolithically integrated quantum-confined stark effect tuned laserwith uniform frequency modulation response

Conventional tunable semiconductor lasers tuned by the carrier induced effect suffer from intrinsically nonuniform optical frequency modulation (FM) response due to the associated thermal effect. Electric field effect tuned lasers involving no current injection, offer intrinsically uniform FM response. We report here the first quantum-confined Stark effect tuned two-section ridge waveguide laser fabricated by postgrowth band gap engineering techniques. An highly uniform FM response, within ±3 dB from 30 kHz to 6 GHz, is achieved, independent of laser output power, the widest and most uniform response yet reported for a field effect tuned laser. The residual intensity modulation is less than 5% for 4.5-GHz peak frequency deviation     

Optical FM signal amplification and FM noise reduction in an injection locked AlGaAs semiconductor laser

Optical frequency. modulation index suppression in FM signal amplification and FM signal generation in an injection locked semiconductor laser are experimentally studied by injecting coherent FM signals and CW light, respectively. Experimental results are in good agreement with a simple theory using the van der Pol equation with an external signal term. The FM noise accumulation in cascade injection locked amplifiers is calculated and an optimum design for an injection locked repeater system is discussed.     

Wavelength conversion for frequency-modulated light using opticalmodulation to oscillation frequency of a DFB laser diode

A technique for wavelength conversion for frequency-modulated (FM) light is described. It utilizes the light-injection-induced frequency shift of a distributed-feedback (DFB) laser diode and the frequency-modulated-to-intensity-modulated (FM-IM) conversion function of the Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) optical filter. Input FM light is converted into IM light by the M-Z filter. The IM light is injected into the DFB-LD oscillating at another wavelength, modulating its oscillation frequency. The output from the DFB-LD has an FM signal identical to the input FM light. Thus, wavelength conversion for FM light is achieved. The characteristics of the frequency shift induced by this optical injection were experimentally studied using a λ/4 phase-shift DFB-LD. A wavelength conversion experiment was performed. In the experimental demonstration, FM light at 1.534 μm was converted into FM light at 1.550 μm     

Er/Yb共掺光纤放大器前向放大自发辐射模型

提出了Er/Yb共掺的光纤放大器中,Yb离子仍然存在基态能级斯塔克(Stark)分裂的假设,考虑1060 nm波段辐射,利用速率方程和传输方程,结合Er/Yb共掺双包层光纤的吸收和发射系数谱,采用4阶龙格-库塔(Runge- Kutta)算法,建立了模拟Er/Yb共掺双包层光纤放大器放大自发辐射(ASE)光谱的理论模型。通过改变抽运功率和信号功率,对其前向放大自发辐射光谱特性进行了全面的分析。大信号入射时,改变抽运功率,只改变输出功率大小。输出光谱形状不变,而当信号功率足够小时,前向放大自发辐射光谱在1535 nm和1543 nm处会出现2个局部峰值,理论模拟与实验数据相符。     

The response of an automatic phase control system to FM signals and noise

An Automatic Phase Control (APC) System is analyzed in order to determine its response to frequency modulated signals, and narrow-band Gaussian noise. Emphasis is placed on the system's response to signals having "ramp" type FM. The response of the APC System to an FM signal is obtained using a perturbation and a piecewise linear technique. The response of the system to noise is obtained using an iteration technique. The complete response to an FM signal and noise is then discussed using an iteration technique and extending the results previously obtained.     

Absorption in laser structures with coupled and uncoupled quantum dots in an electric field at room temperature

The absorption of uncoupled and tunnel-coupled vertically correlated quantum dots (QDs), measured at room temperature, has been experimentally compared. It is revealed that matching of the laser wavelength and Stark shift for laser structures with tunnel-coupled QDs leads to resonant absorption with formation of bound and antibound exciton states with a splitting energy of ～62 meV between them in QD molecules. For these states, an external field causes a large linear Stark shift (up to 68 meV). For uncoupled QDs, one resonant absorption peak with the formation of an exciton (for which the Stark shift does not exceed 13 meV) is observed.     

FIR Stark spectroscopy on optically pumped CH3OH laser

An extensive theoretical and experimental analysis of the absorption and emission spectrum of a CH₃OH FIR-laser excited by a conventional CO₂ laser is presented. Particular interest is devoted to the Stark shifts of the pump and lasing lines and to the electric field dependence of the Fir-laser output of the various lines. The offsets with respect to the exciting radiation and the Stark shifts of the IR absorption (pump) lines are measured by means of the transferred Lamb dip technique. The theoretical behaviours of the Stark patterns are calculated for several choices of the quantum numbers and selection rules involved in the transitions. A large variety of experimental results are reported and compared to theory. Non-linear Stark shifts have been observed for the 37.5μm FIR laser line and for the IR-pump transitions excited by the 9-P(38) and 10-R(38) CO₂ laser Lines. Line assignments are proposed and new FIR laser lines are reported.     

A formula for an FM signal under Rayleigh fading [mobile radio]

A simple formula for the baseband signal-to-noise ratio of an FM signal under Rayleigh fading is derived. The formula automatically includes the noise component due to modulation. Calculated values of the average signal-to-noise ratio for FM and AM signals under Rayleigh fading are given. The results show that the FM signal with a modulation index of one or greater, outperforms an AM signal under identical fading conditions     

Optical coherent broad-band transmission for long-haul anddistribution systems using subcarrier multiplexing

Signal multiplexing techniques for coherent optical transmission are compared, and appropriate application for a coherent subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) system is discussed. Optical frequency modulation (FM) using direct modulation of a distributed-feedback laser diode (DFB-LD) and a heterodyne detection is shown to be feasible. A transmission system using a local laser in the transmitter is unaffected by polarization and is cost effective. Phase noise can be suppressed by a phase-noise-canceling circuit (PNC) in a heterodyne receiver. This circuit can also effectively compensate for the frequency of instability of light sources. A theoretical simulation of a coherent SCM system showed that 100 channels of 30-MHz FM signal or 15 channels of 155-Mb/s signal can be distributed to 10000 subscribers using single-stage or double-stage optical amplifiers     

Digital generation of very-wide-band FM

A digital method of generating very-wide-band FM (VWBFM) signal, based on a novel "time-domain FM" (TDFM) concept, has been described. Uniform samples of the sinusoidal carrier, stored in a read-only memory (ROM), are retrieved in synchronization with the zero-crossings of an FM square wave and interpolated using a tracking low-pass filter (TLPF).