Applications of the Technology of Fast Neutral Particle Beams in Micro- and Nanoelectronics

A brief review of the results of the application of fast neutral particle (FNP) beam sources in the field of the production technology of micro- and nanoelectronic devices published in the literature is presented. Processes such as surface cleaning; sputtering and etching of insulators, simiconductors, and metals; layer-by-layer etching; deposition of thin films directly from beams or by sputtering, and neutral-beam-enhanced deposition; oxidation, nitridation, and fluorination of a near-surface layer; production of the elements of micro- and nanoelectromechanical devices; nanostructuring; and modification of self-assembled organic molecular structures are considered. In addition, the results of investigating a decrease in the degree of degradation of the electrophysical properties of materials and electrical characteristics of device structures when passing from ion-beam technologies to FNP beams are discussed.     

两种确定热控涂层性能退化模型参数的组合优化算法

针对航天器热控涂层性能退化预测问题,提出了自适应模拟退火回火算法和自适应综合遗传算法。利用美国Tenflon型涂层材料短时间地面模拟实验数据对上述两种算法进行了模型参数求解。并将所得预测曲线与美国9年时间跨度的Teflon型涂层材料地面模拟实验数据进行比较,比较结果表明了模拟退火回火算法以及自适应综合遗传算法对解决航天器热控涂层性能退化预测问题是可行的和有效的。     

植物光合能力检测中延迟荧光诱导参数优化

为优化延迟荧光诱导参数,以大豆（Ke FengNo．1）叶片为样品,分析了影响延迟荧光强度的激发光强、激发时间和温度优化过程,并在优化条件下对样品进行了延迟荧光强度与相应净光合速率的对比测量。实验结果表明,优化条件下,两者具有极好的线性相关性（R1=0．989）。     

羰基铁类随机混合吸波材料等效电磁参数的计算

本文为计及多重散射偶极子间的相互作用，引入参量εｈ和μｈ，导得一组公式。它不仅能计算铁氧体类也能计算羰基铁类的随机混合吸波材料的等效电磁参数，均与实验结果吻合良好。     

微机械加工工艺的三维仿真模型及算法

文中对近年来国内外关于微机械加工工艺表面形貌模拟的三维仿真模型及算法进行了较为详细的介绍与比较,并辅以实例的仿真结果,以使对微机械加工的三维工艺仿真有较全面的认识。     

A Stable Iterative Procedure to Obtain Soil Surface Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data

Two general methods recently proposed to obtain the thermal inertia, the sensible heat flux, and the evapotranspiration flux from satellite data are summarized. In these methods, stable algorithms were used, but the stabilization coefficients presented were empirical. In this paper, it is shown that optimal coefficients exist and can lead to an iterative process to calculate the thermal inertia and the fluxes with improved accuracy despite of errors of measurements. Some applications using in situ data and theoretically simulated data are given as an example.     

Models,Complexity and Algorithms for the Design of Multi-fiber WDM Networks

In this paper, we study multi-fiber optical networks with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). We extend the definition of the well-known Wavelength Assignment Problem (WAP) to the case of k fibers per link and w wavelengths per fiber, generalization that we will call (k,w)-WAP. We develop a new model for the (k,w)-WAP based on conflict hypergraphs. Furthermore, we consider two natural optimization problems that arise from the (k,w)-WAP: minimizing the number of fibers k given a number of wavelengths w, on one hand, and minimizing w given k, on the other. We develop and analyze the practical performance of two methodologies based on hypergraph coloring.     

Algorithms for Solving Reliability Models of Systems Exposed to a 2-State Environment

An algorithm is described for solving the reliability model of a repairable system of n identical components placed in a fluctuating 2-state environment. An important application is where the effects of alternating normal and severe weather conditions are to be evaluated. A modified version of the algorithm can accommodate the case where faults are followed by switching operations, as in power transmission networks. Whereas the standard Markov method to solve such models is cumbersome and other available methods are often limited in scope, the proposed algorithm is fast, reasonably accurate, and does not require a computer.     

Models and Approximation Algorithms for Channel Assignment in Radio Networks

We consider the frequency assignment (broadcast scheduling) problem for packet radio networks. Such networks are naturally modeled by graphs with a certain geometric structure. The problem of broadcast scheduling can be cast as a variant of the vertex coloring problem (called the distance-2 coloring problem) on the graph that models a given packet radio network. We present efficient approximation algorithms for the distance-2 coloring problem for various geometric graphs including those that naturally model a large class of packet radio networks. The class of graphs considered include (r,s)-civilized graphs, planar graphs, graphs with bounded genus, etc.     

An Evaluation of Materials and Processes for Integrated Microwave Circuits

This paper presents an evaluation of materials and processes applicable to the fabrication of hybrid microstrip microwave circuits. Substrate materials evaluated included aluminas, beryllias, quartz, and glass of varying purities and surface finishes. Conductor materials evaluated included silver, copper, gold, and aluminum. Fabrication processes studied included vacuum deposition, sputtering, electroless and electroplating, thick-film screening and firing, and photoetching. Sapphire and high-purity alumina (99.5 percent pure or better) substrates were found superior as substrates for microstrip circuits. Conductor materials and processing methods found best were 1) vacuum deposited chromium-gold thin film which was gold electroplated and photoetched; 2) thick-film silver which was photoetched to delineate the microwave pattern.     

An Evaluation of Materials and Processes for Integrated Microwave Circuits

This paper presents an evaluation of materials and processes applicable to the fabrication of hybrid microstrip microwave circuits. Substrate materials evaluated included aluminas, beryllias, quartz, and glass of varying purities and surface finishes. Conductor materials evaluated included silver, copper, gold, and aluminum. Fabrication processes studied included vacuum deposition, sputtering, electroless and electroplating, thick-film screening and firing, and photoetching. Sapphire and high-purity alumina (99.5 percent pure or better) substrates were found superior as substrates for microstrip circuits. Conductor materials and processing methods found best were 1) vacuum deposited chromium-gold thin film which was gold electroplated and photoetched; 2) thick-film silver which was photoetched to delineate the microwave pattern.     

Plastic Optical Fibers: An Introduction to Their Technological Processes and Applications

The most significant features of plastic optical fibers (POFs) are reviewed, including the main types of POFs, their manufacture, and their possible present and future applications. Among others, their properties regarding bandwidth, attenuation, and influence of external parameters are discussed. These fibers serve as a complement for glass fibers in short-haul communications links, because they are easy to handle, flexible, and economical. Because of these merits, varied applications with POFs have been developed and commercialized, from their use as a simple light transmission guide to their utilization as sensors and telecommunications cables. This paper is a comprehensive introduction to POFs. In addition, its great number of references facilitates further inquires about the subject.     

MEMS器件的封装材料与封装工艺

随着各种MEMS新产品的不断问世,先进的MEMS器件的封装技术正在研发之中.本研究综述了MEMS的封装材料,包括陶瓷、塑料、金属材料和金属基复合材料等.阐述了MEMS的主要封装工艺和技术,包括圆片级封装、单芯片封装、多芯片组件和3D堆叠式封装等.并展望了MEMS器件封装的应用和发展前景.     

分布式并行数据挖掘计算框架及其算法研究

为了提供一个灵活可扩展的计算平台进行高效的挖掘计算，提出了一种应用于分布和并行环境的数据挖掘计算框架和相应的算法。通过分析关联规则挖掘理论和以往算法的优缺点，建立一种分布式并行数据挖掘的计算框架，并给出相应的求解算法。实例分析表明该计算框架能够减少节点问的通信开销，保持了良好的可扩展性：挖掘算法则利用本地节点动态有序集合枚举树生成方法代替数据库节省了本地空间的占用．大大提高了查找的计算效率。     

Application of Aberration-Corrected TEM and Image Simulation to Nanoelectronics and Nanotechnology

The image quality in electron microscopy often suffers from lens aberration. As a result of lens aberrations, critical information appears distorted at the atomic scale in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). In scanning TEM (STEM), the spatial resolution of images and the quality of spectroscopic data are greatly reduced. With the recent introduction of aberration-corrected lenses and monochromators, new and exciting images with sub-0.1-nm spatial resolution are now recorded routinely, and electron energy loss data has been used to determine the location of a single atom in an atomic column. As a result of the decreased focal depth of an aberration-corrected lens used in STEM, the dream of three-dimensional (3-D) atomic resolution is one step closer and for HRTEM it was shown that 3-D imaging with atomic resolution is feasible. However, understanding imaging and spectroscopy in HRTEM and STEM still requires refined modeling of the underlying electron scattering processes by multislice image simulation. Since research into the physics and technology of nanoelectronic devices has already moved into sub-10-nm transistor gate lengths, the need for well-understood imaging and spectroscopy at nanoscale dimensions is already upon us. Fortunately, nanowires and other nanotechnology materials serve as useful test samples as well as being potential materials for future nanoelectronics. This enables early development of microscopy methods that will be used to investigate future generations of integrated circuits     

Data-Driven Identification Algorithms for Automatic Determination of Interpretable Fuzzy Models

This article presents a new methodology to obtain fuzzy models linguistically interpretable from input and output data. The proposed methodology includes the class determination and rules generation algorithms, as long as the partition sum-1 of the input variables: shape, number and distribution of the fuzzy sets. The most promising issue on our proposal is represented by the equilibrium between precision and interpretability of the model. Applications to well-known problems and data sets are presented and compared with the results of other authors using different techniques.     

Time-Frequency ARMA Models and Parameter Estimators for Underspread Nonstationary Random Processes

Parsimonious parametric models for nonstationary random processes are useful in many applications. Here, we consider a nonstationary extension of the classical autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) model that we term the time-frequency autoregressive moving-average (TFARMA) model. This model uses frequency shifts in addition to time shifts (delays) for modeling nonstationary process dynamics. The TFARMA model and its special cases, the TFAR and TFMA models, are shown to be specific types of time-varying ARMA (AR, MA) models. They are attractive because of their parsimony for underspread processes, that is, nonstationary processes with a limited time-frequency correlation structure. We develop computationally efficient order-recursive estimators for the TFARMA, TFAR, and TFMA model parameters which are based on linear time-frequency Yule-Walker equations or on a new time-frequency cepstrum. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed parameter estimators outperform existing estimators for time-varying ARMA (AR, MA) models with respect to accuracy and/or numerical efficiency. An application to the time-varying spectral analysis of a natural signal is also discussed.     

电离层电子浓度计算模型中有关太阳参数的计算

在《中华人民共和国国家军用标准GJB 1925-94中国参考电离层》中,计算一定高度某位置某时刻的电离层电子浓度,常用到此位置此时刻的太阳天顶角、正午的太阳天顶角、日出时刻、日落时刻;然而一定高度某位置的日出日落时刻与地球表面是不同的.将着重解决一定高度某位置的日出日落时刻的计算模型和方法,并通过实例验证了计算模型正确和可行性.阐述了某时刻某位置的太阳高度角、方位角计算.利用中国参考电离层计算了某位置某时刻120 km高空的电离层电子浓度,与《卫星测控手册》中给出的数值是一致的.     

Functional Materials to Overcome Bacterial Barriers and Models to Advance Their Development

With the emerging problem of antimicrobial resistance, the world is facing a slow but dangerous pandemic. While the discovery of novel antibiotics is reaching a nearly exhaustive end, new concepts for anti-infective drugs are emerging. So-called pathoblockers aim to de-weaponize bacteria rather than just killing them. As the target of these molecules is typically located intracellularly, however, hitherto almost unnoticed biological barriers are emerging such as the biofilm matrix, the bacterial cell envelope, efflux pumps, and eventual bacterial metabolism. This leads to a new paradigm that is to maximize bacterial bioavailability. To overcome the bacterial barriers, especially when further optimization of the active molecules is not possible, functional materials are needed to engineer innovative delivery systems. Those may not only enable novel anti-infective molecules to reach their targets, but will also improve the bacterial bioavailability of existing anti-infectives. Additionally, there is a need for better infection models that allow studying drug effects on both the bacteria and the host in a relevant manner as needed for rational anti-infective drug development.