A fiber-optic line-switching network with a 150 Mb/s user data rate

The authors describe ImNet/2, a fiber-optic local area network, which has been specially developed for rapid image transport in picture archiving and communications systems (PACS). A comprehensive analysis of image communication requirements in hospitals led to the conclusion that current LANs would not be satisfactory under routine workload. ImNet/2 is optimized for the transmission of large datafiles. It applies line switching by means of active switch modules in a multistar topology. Once established, a link between two image equipment units continuously transfers data at a speed of 140 mB/s. Each switch unit has a total data throughput of 1.12 Gb/s. Asynchronous parallel network ports and a simple lightweight high-speed protocol make it easy to interface the network to image workstations and PACS servers. The mechanisms and components of ImNet/2 are described in detail     

The QPSX MAN

The authors discuss QPSX (queued packet and synchronous switch), a distributed switch/network that will fulfil the requirements of a public metropolitan area network (MAN) and has wide telephone industry support. The dual-bus architecture of QPSX and its extension, the looped-bus architecture, are described. The architecture of the public MAN is examined, particularly with respect to QPSX as a proposal for IEE P802.6 standardization. The distributed queueing protocol, segmentation and reassembly scheme, and reliability features of the QPSX network are discussed.<>     

A Configurable and Extensible Transport Protocol

The ability to configure transport protocols from collections of smaller software modules allows the characteristics of the protocol to be customized for a specific application or network technology. This paper describes a configurable transport protocol system called CTP in which microprotocols implementing individual attributes of transport can be combined into a composite protocol that realizes the desired overall functionality. In addition to describing the overall architecture of CTP and its microprotocols, this paper also presents experiments on both local area and wide area platforms that illustrate the flexibility of CTP and how its ability to match more closely application needs can result in better application performance. The prototype implementation of CTP has been built using the C version of the Cactus microprotocol composition framework running on Linux.     

An open network management architecture: OSI/NM Forum architectureand concepts

Several organizations are incorporating the architecture being developed by the Open Systems Interconnection/Network Management Forum into their network management products and systems. It is expected that, as this architecture develops, it will be the basis for multivendor exchange of network management data for the next five to ten years. This architecture and key concepts being developed by the Forum to allow the interoperation of several network management systems using an open interface are summarized. These apply to the full range of networks that must be managed, including computer and communication, local area, wide area international, voice (public and private), and packet data networks. The concepts covered include: Conformant Management Entity (CME), which is a management system that supports the interoperable interface defined by the Forum; managed objects, the abstract representations of the real resources to be managed; and the interoperable interface, which consists of a defined set of protocols (using the OSI seven-layer protocol stack) over which particular messages about managed objects are exchanged     

A multimedia synchronization model and its implementation intransport protocols

An implementation of a synchronization mechanism in transport protocol to support multimedia applications over a packet or cell switched network is proposed. In designing such a mechanism for practical use, ease of implementation and capability of handling random delay of packets are two key issues for success. Since the random delay of packet or cell switched networks makes synchronization among media more complicated after the transmission across the network, a model which considers the random transmission delay is hence required to specify the temporal relationship among media. Therefore, a real-time synchronization model is presented to satisfy this requirement in the paper. Based on the proposed synchronization model, a transport protocol, namely the multimedia synchronization transport protocol (MSTP), is designed and implemented. We have implemented a prototype system using the MSTP protocol and built a simulation system for the wide area network (WAN) environment in order to evaluate the performance of the MSTP protocol     

MSR（ITU-T X.87/Y.1324）体系构架与系统特性

针对光城域网对综合业务的电信级需求，以城域网三网业务融合传送为主要领域，以基于弹性分组环RPR实现多业务传送为主要手段，研究了多业务传送与交换的简化方法，介绍了自主国际标准ITU-T X．87／Y．1324的协议要点、组网拓扑结构、传输架构、系统节点的组成和MSR通用帧格式。通过与RPR的比较，得出如下结论：MSR解决了语音、数据和视频等多业务(支路)分别在RPR各节点上，下的传送、支路组播、支路保护和性能监测问题。MSR成本较低，而且在同一网络平台上提供语音、数据和视频等支路业务需要这样的功能，它是目前基于分组的城域网多业务传送和出租的有效方法。     

一种SCTP报文的NAT穿越方法

流控制传输协议（SCTP）即将成为下一代网络中的传输层协议,在未来互联网和移动网络中发挥重要作用,然而目前网际协议（IP）网络中大多数网络地址转换（NAT）设备对SCTP报文转发缺乏兼容性支持。分析并解决了SCTP在当前IPv4网络实施中所遇到的NAT阻断问题。利用在收发端协议栈上进行功能扩展,提出了一种新的SCTP报文的NAT穿越方法,在不修改当前网络NAT设备的前提下完成NAT穿越,并在原型机上测试验证了解决方案的可行性和有效性。     

一种端口速率可变的共享存储器交换

针对局域网和城域网中的多种数据传输速率结构,该文提出了一种共享存储器交换结构,在普通共享存储器交换结构的基础上,对支持可变的端口速率,以及支持变长数据包交换进行了改进,所提出的交换结构还具有自同步特点,即各输入输出端口之间不需要全局同步;同时还考虑了对变长数据包的队列管理。     

INQIRE: a software approach to monitoring QoS in ATM networks

Unlike traditional best-effort packet networks, ATM networks support a wide range of services by providing a specified QoS on each ATM connection. Currently, QoS can be measured with specialized high-speed testing equipment but their complexity and cost prevent them from wide field use. This article describes the INQIRE project approach based on software for enabling common personal computers (with an ATM network interface card) to function as QoS monitoring stations at the edges of an ATM network. The main objective is to develop a low-cost, off-the-shelf alternative to broadband testing equipment. An INQIRE station, consisting of a PC running the INQIRE application, can actively probe any selected connection and collect sample measurements of the QoS. The monitoring approach is intended to be non-intrusive and work with any ATM network without requiring any modifications to existing ATM switch equipment or interruptions to active services     

AFDX终端系统硬件设计与应用研究

本文在研究航空全双工交换式以太网(Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet,AFDX)实时传输协议的基础上,分析了AFDX网络的组成架构,设计了双冗余AFDX终端系统的硬件系统,并分析了整个硬件系统的各个模块的设计和功能,为AFDX网络交换机的研发打下了良好的基础。     

MPLS网络的OAM功能研究与实现

首先结合MPLS的协议参考模型阐述了操作与维护(OAM)在MPLS网络中的地位、作用;其次,结合协议Y.1710和Y.1711,对OAM的数据格式和OAM的机制进行了介绍;最后对综合业务交换机中OAM软件的实现模型、内部外部接口进行了说明,并对OAM软件的4个主要模块:维护控制模块、连通性管理模块、故障管理模块和性能管理模块的功能实现进行了详细地说明。     

三层以太网交换机CPU收发包相关问题分析

三层以太网交换机发展迅速,一方面网络设备的带宽及交换容量大幅提升,另一方面设备所支持的协议种类也随着用户的需求不断增加。如何在大业务量的网络环境下确保各设备之间协议包的正常交互,是以太网交换机设计面临的重要问题。文章以基于ASIC的三层以太网交换机为例,从CPU负载、软硬件队列配置、CPU和交换芯片的通信机制等方面入手,讨论并分析在多进程环境中与CPU收发包功能相关的一些典型问题,得到解决办法。解决方法对于网络处理器(NP)同样适用。     

Global open ethernet (GOE) system and its performance evaluation

This paper presents an overview of global open Ethernet (GOE) architecture as a cost-effective Ethernet-based virtual private network (VPN) solution, and discusses a hardware and software implementation of a prototype system. Three main approaches have been proposed for a VPN solution on metro-area network: resilient packet ring, Ethernet over multiprotocol label switching (EoMPLS), virtual bridged local area network-tag stacking (Q-in-Q). None of these schemes can satisfy the following requirements at the same time: network topology flexibility, affordable network functionalities, low equipment cost, and low operational cost. The proposed GOE system is designed to solve VPN management problems of these approaches with MPLS VPN functionality at a low cost of Ethernet-based solution. The key components of GOE are: 1) a novel GOE tag for high-speed switching and 2) a novel routing and protection module via per-destination multiple rapid spanning tree protocol (PD-MRSTP). Via the analytical performance evaluation of EoMPLS, Q-in-Q, and GOE, we show that the memory cost and the network utilization of GOE is two-three times smaller and 22% higher than the other approaches, respectively. We also have developed a GOE prototype system and obtained the following remarkable hardware and software performance results. The GOE core switch delivered 100% of theoretical maximum throughput (10 G) with zero packet loss even with the field programmable gate array platform, and its 10-G port density is 1.5 times denser than the best currently available products. The GOE switch using PD-MRSTP also delivered a significantly fast protection switching time (1.975 ms), which was significantly faster than legacy Ethernet switches. These performance evaluation results prove that the proposed GOE system can be used as a cost-effective high-performance Ethernet-based VPN solution.     

Performance evaluation of multihop ad hoc WLANs

Ongoing technological advances in portable devices, coupled with the need for continuous connectivity while mobile, have made ad hoc networks a compelling research and development topic, particularly in a challenging multimedia multihop scenario. The ability of IEEE 802.11's ad hoc mode of operation, as a dominating wireless local area network (WLAN) protocol, to serve multihop networks requires thorough investigation. In this article, through considering crucial real-life physical phenomena and avoiding as many confining assumptions as possible, system performance measures such as delay and packet failure rate are evaluated. As a result, the importance of adequate selection of the system parameters toward performance improvement is underscored. Moreover, the simulation results imply that by complementing through priority provisions, coordination, route reservation, clustering, and optimum channel coding considerations, the IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) protocol can survive in a multihop scenario. The custom simulation environment developed features modularity, comprising traffic generator, mobility, wireless channel, and IEEE 802.11 protocol modules, and is capable of accommodating many more of the physical phenomena involved.     

基于SIP和Windows的软电话设计与实现

首先介绍了SIP协议,包括其功能、系统基本组成、消息格式,然后设计了软件的三大模块:用户界面模块、SIP UA模块、语音通信模块,并使用编程工具V isual C 6.0、SIP协议栈OSIP、EXOSIP及RTP协议栈W inRTP实现了该软电话。测试结果表明,该SIP软电话在局域网环境下具有良好的通话质量。     

一种适用于W-CDMA系统的多业务无线资源调度算法

3G系统将以分组交换方式提供语音、数据、视频等具有不同QoS要求的多种业务，资源调度对保证系统服务质量和提高资源利用效率起关键作用．本文提出了一种基于业务类型、当前待发送负荷以及剩余延时限的时间调度策略和基于资源优化的资源调度策略，并使无线链路的传输质量与业务的优先级水平一致．通过系统仿真评价了算法的性能．     

TFRC协议在Ad Hoc网络中的改进及仿真

由于TFRC协议不适合Ad hoc网络环境,这将限制TFRC协议在Ad hoc络中的应用。针对TFRC协议在Ad hoc网络中存在的问题,本文在TFRC算法的基础上提出了一种基于丢包区分机制的TFRC拥塞控制策略,它不仅考虑到了差错误码,切换、连接中断引起的丢包对传输的影响,而且还考虑到了实际的链路本身的差错控制导致的乱序包对算法性能的影响,解决TTFRC算法在Ad hoc网络中因不能正确区分拥塞丢包和误码丢包而造成性能下降的问题,改善TTFRC在Ad hoc网络中的性能。仿真结果表明改进协议的性能优于TFRC。     

天津通信电信管理网网络管理系统的设计与实现

本重点论述如何为基于TCP／IP的计算机网络“量身定做”网络管理系统。首先介绍了网络管理的定义、网络管理体系结构。天津通信电信管理网是天津通信公司为了实现对本地电话网程控交换机的远程监控和集中操作维护而构建的计算机广域网络系统。本深入讨论了天津通信电信管理网网络管理系统的设计与实现。     

Delay performance of VSAT-based satellite wide area networks

This paper studies the performance of VSAT-based satellite wide area networks. Very small aperture terminals are used as transport gateways to interconnect local area networks through satellites to form a wide area network. This paper concentrates on analysing the delay of the network, which is the time needed to send a packet from a station in the source LAN to a station in the destination LAN. Several access techniques are considered for comparison. It is observed through numerical examples that TDMA on the up-link and TDM on the down-link offers the best delay performance.     

Experimental Facsimile Communication System on Packet Switched Data Network

The use of the public data network for facsimile communication has remarkable advantages with regard to high speed and reliable transmission and, in addition, it is well applicable to provide value added facilities for future service extension. The Research and Development Laboratories of Kokusai Denshin Denwa (KDD) Company, Ltd. have developed an experimental facsimile communication system on the packet switched data network (PSDN). The system is composed of packet switching exchanges (PSE), high speed digital facsimile terminal equipment, a facsimile communication processor (FCP), and facsimile packet assembly/ disassembly equipment (FAX-PAD). The facsimile equipment in the system adopts a two-dimensional modified READ code and has the interface protocol to the PSDN. The FCP provides the store-and-forward facilities to provide such services as delayed delivery, multiaddress delivery, and mailbox service. The FAX-PAD realizes the interworking between facsimile equipments on the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and those on PSDN. After various experiments including international field tests, it was confirmed that the system is useful for future advanced facsimile service.