北京毛家湾出土古瓷产地的XRF分析研究

为解决北京毛家湾发掘出土的外龙泉内青花和仿龙泉古瓷的产地归属问题,采用波散X射线荧光分析方法(WDXRF)测定这两种古瓷胎和釉中CaO、Fe2O3、MnO、SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2等10种成分的含量,利用SPSS软件对实验数据进行统计分析,分别与浙江龙泉窑、景德镇古瓷的实验数据进行比较,结果表明毛家湾出土的外龙泉内青花和仿龙泉古瓷均为景德镇产品.     

Analysis of elemental maps from glaze to body of ancient Chinese Jun and Ru porcelain by micro-X-ray fluorescence

The reasons how the middle layer of Ru and Jun porcelain between the glaze and body came into being are still not completely understood. Here, elemental maps from the glaze to the body of pieces of ancient Chinese Ru and Jun porcelain were analyzed by micro-X-ray fluorescence. The results show the middle layer was probably formed by the chemical composition of the glaze turning into glassy states and undergoing complex physical-chemical reactions with the body. However, the middle layer of Jun porcelain was formed by the chemical composition of the glaze turning into glassy states and then infiltrating the body at high temperatures during the firing process.     

汝瓷成分的线扫描分析

用SRXRF技术对汝瓷断面从釉到胎进行了十一种元素含量的线扫描分析，结果表明：在汝瓷胎、釉之间的确存在一个元素含量与两者相差很大的中间层。我们认为这时汝瓷在烧制过程中，瓷釉在形成玻璃态的同时渗入了瓷胎表面而形成的，这个中间层在实体光学显微镜上能明显看出而在偏光显微镜和扫描电镜下看不到。此工作不仅有助于研究汝瓷的结构和烧造工艺，也将有利于SRXRF无损分析技术在考古领域的运用。     

不同产地唐三彩的SRXRF无损分析研究

本文用同步辐射X射线荧光（SRXRE）分析了陕西铜川黄堡窑址和河南巩县黄冶窑址出土的唐三彩样品，研究了两处唐三彩胎中的成分判别，并用数学统计方法分析了这两地唐三彩的元素谱特征。研究结果表明，黄冶唐三彩胎中K，Rb,Sr,Zn,Zr的含量高于黄堡窑，而Ti,Mn,Fe,Y的含量都低于黄堡窑三彩，两地三彩胎中的Cr含量比较接近。采用SRXRF无损分析和数据统计处理可以清楚地区分两地地唐三彩元素谱特征，这将为唐三彩产地归属研究提供十分重要的数据。     

EDXRF analysis of Marajoara pubic covers

This work evaluated the elemental composition of decorated pottery pubic covers (tangas) from the Marajoara culture of Marajó Island (at the mouth of the Amazon River, Brazil) using EDXRF technique. The XRF system used in this work consists in a Si(Li) detector from ORTEC, with resolution of 180 eV, at 5.9 keV, and a mini X-ray tube with Mo anode. The elements identified in the samples were: S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr and Pb. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to evaluated the provenance of the samples.     

PIXE analysis of ancient Chinese Changsha porcelain

In this work, proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method was applied for the analysis of ancient Chinese Changsha porcelain produced in the Tang dynasty (AD 618–907). A collection of glazed potsherds was obtained in the complex of the famous kiln site at Tongguan, Changsha city, Hunan province. Studies of elemental composition were carried out on ten selected Changsha potsherds. Minor and trace elements such as Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Rb, Sr, and Zr in the material of the porcelain glaze were determined. Variation of these elements from sample to sample was investigated. Details of results are presented and discussed.     

Ti/Fe(001)体系异质外延生长初期外延岛尺寸作用机制探究

采用嵌入原子方法,运用分子动力学,研究了Ti/Fe(001)体系中异质外延初期生长随岛尺寸演变的规律。结果表明:Ti在Fe(001)表面外延生长时存在生长模式转变的临界尺寸,临界尺寸以上,外延岛边缘原子通过向上迁移运动来降低体系能量。体系的界面微观失配度和膜基结合能随外延岛的生长而降低,晶体结构的失配导致外延岛原子间的平均键长小于Fe基体原子间的平均键长。外延岛原子间平均键长的变化将引起外延岛和基体微观形态以及应力应变状态的改变。     

高放废液合成岩石固化研究

建立了高效废液合成岩石固装置，确定了固化工艺和性能测试方法，制备的合成岩石固化体样吕测试样结果表明，采用的实验装置，工艺流程和测试方法可行，将Ｎａ０．５ＲＥＥ０．５ＴｉＯ３型钙钛矿和Ｎａ２Ａｌ２ＴｉＯ８Ｏ１６型黑钛铁钠矿作为包容钠的主要矿相，分别研制了国内生产高放废液的合成岩石基料配方，氧化钠的包容量可达５．７％。     

SR-XRMP研究海山富钴结壳微构造的元素分布特征

海山富钴结壳具有与大洋锰结核相似的叠层石微构造,蕴含着与古海洋环境相关的丰富信息.本文用同步辐射X射线微探针研究了采自西太平洋海山区两个富钴结壳样品剖面的多种微结构及其主要成矿元素的微区分布特征,揭示了结壳在漫长的生长过程中Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、P和Ca的相关关系的变化及古海洋学意义,这些变化特征可作为重要古海洋事件--磷酸盐化的判别依据.     

THE METABOLISM OF TITANIUM AND OTHER ELEMENTS IN WISTER RATS

The concentrations of Ti and Ca, P, K, Fe, Cu and Zn in blood samples were determined by PIXE after a single intravenous and a single oral dosing with titanium- ascorbate (Ti- Vc) in Wister rats. Following the intravenous injection with 50 mg Ti- Vc/kg body weight, the absorption, distribution and clearance in blood could be described by an exponential equation of three terms. After gavaged with 500 mg Ti-Vc/kg body weight, at 1.5 h the content of Ti reached the highest level. The concentration of Ca was increasing, with the absorption, distribution and clearance of Ti in blood. The contents of Fe and K were decreasing. And the contents of Cu and Zn were significantly fluctuating. The effect of Ti on animal growth could be explained by the fact that Ti- Vc supplementation could promote the absorption of Ca.     

Study on the elemental features of ancient Chinese white porcelain at Jingdezhen by INAA

Shards of ancient Chinese white porcelain, which were excavated at Maojiawan in the city of Beijing, were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). These shards were fired in the period between the Yuan (AD 1271-1368) and Ming (AD 1368-1644) dynasties at Jingdezhen in southern China. According to the analytical results, different raw materials were used for making porcelain body in this period. Fe and Na are the characteristic elements which can be used for identifying the specific date of these porcelains. Furthermore, shards of Hongwu era (AD 1368-1398), Yongle-Xuande era (AD 1403-1435) and Chenghua-Zhengde era (AD 1465-1561) of the Ming dynasty can be clearly distinguished by their elemental body composition. The temporal chemical variation in the porcelain body of these eras is observed. The elemental body composition of Zhengde-Tianshun era (AD 1436-1464) is mainly similar to that of the Hongwu and Yongle-Xuande eras. The temporal chemical feature of Zhengtong-Tianshun era was not found.     

Biomonitoring study of seasonal anthropogenic influence at the Itamambuca beach (SP, Brazil)

The present work is focused on the study of a seasonal anthropogenic influence on the beach of Itamambuca (Ubatuba, SP, Brazil) carried out using Atherinella brasiliensis as biomonitor. In total 84 fish were caught between July 2004 and February 2005 in different locations at the beach and inside the Itamambuca river. The fish were pooled according to catch and their musculature was analyzed by Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) techniques. While the concentration of light (matrix) elements like C and O were obtained using the RBS technique, major (Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K and Ca) and trace (Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br and Sr) elements were measured by PIXE. The results show that differences were observed for several elemental concentrations of fish tissue between high season (spring-summer) and low season (winter-fall), indicating that increased human activity in the beach during high season may have some impact on the beach ecosystem. The role of the water salinity in the results is also discussed.     

基于奇异值分解方法的嫦娥一号γ射线谱仪谱线定性分析

针对嫦娥一号γ射线谱仪(CE1-GRS)探测数据难以从谱形特征直接进行定性分析的问题,提出采用噪声调整的奇异值分解(NASVD)方法提取CE1-GRS数据中相互正交的谱线主成分,然后分别分析月表各区域对应谱线的低序层谱线中的峰信号,通过鉴别各峰信号对应的能量值是否等于特定元素的特征γ射线能量来确定月表各区域的元素种类。结果表明,该方法能够识别出的月表可能元素包括U、Th、K、Fe、Ti、Si、O、Al、Mg、Ca和Na等11种元素。     

Efficient removal of Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution by titanate sodium nanotubes

In this paper,a novel material for Co(Ⅱ)adsorption,titanate sodium nanotubes(Na_2Ti_2O_5-NTs)were synthesized and characterized,and then they were used to remove Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution and compared with titanic acid nanotubes(H_2Ti_2O_5-NTs) and potassium hexatitanate whiskers(K_2Ti_6O_(13)).The results showed that the adsorption of Co(Ⅱ) on the materials was dependent on p H values and was a spontaneous,endothermic process.Specifically,Na_2Ti_2O_5-NTs exhibited much more efficient ability to adsorb Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution,with the maximum adsorption capacity of 85.25 mg/g.Furthermore,Na_2Ti_2O_5-NTs could selectively adsorb Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution containing coexisting ions(Na~+,K~+,Mg~(2+),and Ca~(2+)).The results suggested that Na_2Ti_2O_5-NTs were potential effective adsorbents for removal of Co(Ⅱ) or cobalt-60 from wastewater.     

阿伦德陨石中壳层球粒的仪器及放射化学中子活化分析

本文中介绍了对阿伦德(Allende)陨石中4个壳层球粒的核部和壳部所做的仪器中子活化分析和放射化学中子活化分析工作,测定了8个(4对)样品的25个痕量元素。分析结果表明,元素在球粒核部和壳部具有不同的分布特征,这一结果为研究球粒的成因提供了进一步依据。     

模拟高放废液玻璃固化体溶解液的ICP／AES分析法

利用我院制造的高浓盐雾化器解决了送样过程中同心雾化器堵塞的问题,并且详细观察了存在于溶解液中诸元素,尤其是具有复杂光谱结构的元素之间的谱线干扰现象。我们注意到硫的最灵敏的主共振线S 180.73nm为Ca线所干扰,为此,采用次灵敏的S 1820.4nm谱线;还观察到铀和钛对Li323.26nm和Na330.24nm的谱线干扰。改变等离子体的工作参数,即增加载气流,减小高频功率,可提高被测元素Li,Na的谱线强度,同时降低干扰元素的谱线强度,从而可以在U,Ti共存的溶液中测定Li和Na。本法可测定玻璃模拟体中主次成分,共十九个元素:B,Si,Na,Li,Al,Ca,Mg,Sr,Zr,Ti,Ce,La,Nd,Fe,Cr,Mn,Ni,S,U。方法的相对标准偏差随元素不同约为1%～5%。     

Modelling of deposition processes on the TiO2 rutile (1 1 0) surface

Deposition of Ti_xO_y clusters onto the rutile TiO₂ (1 1 0) surface has been modelled using empirical potential based molecular dynamics. Deposition energies in the range 10-40 eV have been considered so as to model typical deposition energies of magnetron sputtering. Defects formed as a function of both the deposition energy and deposition species have been studied.The results show that in the majority of cases Ti interstitial atoms are formed, irrespective of whether Ti was contained within the deposited cluster. Furthermore that the majority of these interstitials are formed by displacing a surface Ti atom into the interstitial site. O surface atoms are also relatively common, with Ti and TiO₂ surface units often occurring when the deposited cluster contains Ti but becoming less frequent as the deposition energy is increased. Structures that would give rise to the growth of further layers of rutile are not observed and in the majority of the simulations the energy barriers for diffusion of the end-products is high.     

The oxidation behaviour of the ferritic alloy DT02 in carbon dioxide and in argon containing 0.7 Pa water vapour and 37.5 Pa hydrogen at 823—1123 K

The oxidation behaviour of the ferritic alloy DT02, dispersion-strengthened with titania (Fe + 13 wt% Cr + 2.5 wt% Ti + 2 wt% TiO₂) has been compared in two environments, carbon dioxide and argon containing 0.7 Pa water vapour and 37.5 Pa hydrogen. The temperature range covered was 823–1123 K. Over 4827 h the kinetics of oxidation in argon + water vapour + hydrogen were paralinear at 923 K and linear at ? 1023 K. Oxidation resulted in the formation of a chromium rich oxide scale with titanium rich bands at the oxide-steel interface and also at ? 1023 K at the gas interface. In carbon dioxide, due to its higher oxygen potential and the thermodynamic possibility for iron to be involved in scale formation, the alloy was attacked more severely with successively paralinear, linear and breakaway kinetics at increasing temperature. Duplex oxide scales were produced with outer Fe₃O₄ and inner Fe, Cr and Ti-bearing oxide layers. Carbon was picked up within the oxide scale, particularly in the inner layer, while any unoxidised alloy was extensively carburised.     

广西合浦堂排西汉古玻璃的铅同位素示踪研究

应用Ｘ衍射、Ｘ荧光光谱分析法研究了广西合浦堂排西汉古玻璃的物理和化学特征。用高精度质谱仪测定其铅同位素比值后，与国际数据对比分析，确证该类高钾低镁玻璃是用中国的矿料制成，排除了由欧洲及其它地区输入的可能，成为继国内外学者公认的Ｐｂ－Ｂａ玻璃最早产于中国之后又一种具中国地方特色的早期古玻璃。