微穿孔消声器在小型高速离心风机中的应用研究

小型高速离心风机的特点是体积紧凑、压力高、转速高,广泛应用于各类要求较高的特殊领域。在实际应用中,除了必须满足气动性能要求外,首要问题就是风机噪声控制,而小型高速离心风机与常规风机噪声特点又有所差别,以高频噪声为主。本文针对小型高速离心风机噪声特点,根据马大猷教授提出的微穿孔消声理论设计了风机进口微穿孔消声器,对该微穿孔板消声器的降噪效果进行了测试,试验结果表明该微穿孔消声器可以有效降低风机噪声。     

燃料电池车风机用微穿孔管消声器优化设计

漩涡风机是燃料电池汽车的主要噪声源之一。首先进行漩涡风机噪声测试,分析风机噪声特性,并以此为根据,确定用于降噪的消声器类型。继而建立了微穿孔管消声器传递损失的有限元模型,并通过试验验证了其正确性。然后基于漩涡风机的噪声特性,采用遗传算法对微穿孔管消声器进行结构优化,获得良好的降噪效果,优化后的微穿孔管消声器目标频率范围内消声量基本达到30dB以上,可以满足漩涡风机中高频的降噪目标。     

单级轴流压缩机消声器设计与试验研究

采用微穿孔板吸声结构，对某型单级轴流压缩机排气噪声进行了降噪研究。详细计算了消声器的参数并进行了测量比较。试验表明，微穿孔板吸声结构可有效地降低排气噪声。     

穿孔段长度对微穿孔管消声器传递损失的影响分析

首先通过试验分析了燃料电池车用风机的噪声特性。然后对微穿孔管消声器传递损失的数值计算方法进行了试验验证。进而采用数值方法研究了微穿孔管消声器的穿孔段长度对其传递损失的影响规律。通过研究发现,在一定范围内,微穿孔管消声器的传递损失共振频率随穿孔段长度呈线性变化。研究成果为用于风机降噪的微穿孔管消声器设计提供指导意义。     

风冷式柴油发电机组降噪研究

在风冷式柴油发电机组噪声控制研究过程中发现,在静音箱体外形尺寸严格限定的条件下,根据风冷机组噪声产生根源及频率特性,在有限空间内设计以钢板、隔声毡、岩棉板及微穿孔板为复合结构进行隔声与吸声。隔热型阻抗复合消声器以低功率损耗实现28d B的降噪效果,合理的静音箱体通风口设计及冷却风量计算满足机组野外作业及高低温试验要求,在柴油发电机组有限空间内通过综合噪声控制实现了1m处噪声测量平均值83d B的良好效果。     

螺杆空压机用消声器的设计和优化

高转速的干式螺杆空压机的排气管路中的噪声都比较大,为了有效降低螺杆空压机的排气噪声,利用双层微穿孔板声学理论,建立了由微穿孔板的孔径、板厚、穿孔率、腔深等结构参数计算双层微穿孔板结构扩散场吸声特性的数学模型,设计了一种适合该类空压机用的消声器,并利用遗传算法对其结构参数进行优化,得到双层微穿孔板最佳的吸声特性。优化结果表明:优化后的双层微穿孔板消声器的吸声系数比优化前大大提高,更有利于高转速干式螺杆空压机减噪的需求。     

双层串联微穿孔板消声器的设计与试验

针对某抽气泵排气噪声从高于80dB(A)降低到72dB(A)以下的要求,应用微穿孔板吸声体理论,设计双层串联微穿孔板消声器,并制作样件进行试验。结果表明安装消声器后,最大噪声值不超过67dB(A)。且在1000Hz～2500Hz频段,噪声下降尤为明显,消声量达到了10dB(A)～20dB(A),满足了设计的目标,验证了理论与实际的一致性。     

某车载毫米波雷达组件热设计与参数优化

为实现毫米波雷达组件高效可靠的散热,根据前端电讯热控需求,文中提出均温板–翅片一体化风冷热控结构设计方案,并采用仿真设计软件对热设计方案进行了分析和仿真优化。研究结果显示：组件各芯片温度均在安全温度以下,发射芯片的最高结温（最高温度）为141.1?C,与传统风冷散热器相比,采用新型风冷散热器可使芯片最高温度降低9.8?C,强化散热效果明显。此外,也对风冷散热器结构参数和界面接触热阻进行了分析,确定均温板翅片高度30 mm、翅片间距3 mm为该热设计的优选方案。该研究结果可供高效风冷散热和毫米波组件热设计工程应用参考。     

基于LMS Virtual.lab的穿孔板声学特性分析

穿孔板作为最为常见的消声结构,在各类进、排气系统中均有应用。运用LMS Virtual.lab Acoustics中的有限元分析模块对穿孔板的声学性能进行预测,对穿孔板消声器的设计具有较好的指导作用。研究了不同穿孔率、穿孔孔径以及穿孔壁厚对穿孔板消声器声学性能的影响。通过分析不同结构参数对穿孔板消声器传递损失的影响,得知在中高频段增大穿孔率、穿孔直径以及增加穿孔板壁厚可以增强消声器的消声效果。     

空间站用离心风机降噪技术研究与验证

空间站需长期驻人,安静的环境对航天员的健康和安全尤为重要。因此有必要对离心风机的降噪技术开展研究。通过对离心风机气动噪声的产生及传播机理的研究,明确了离心风机的主要气动噪声源在蜗壳上。基于上述理论,针对空间站内某型号风机进行降噪设计,在其蜗壳内壁增加穿孔板和消音棉,并在进风口增加消声器,最终经过试验验证了风机噪声满足舱内稳态噪声医学要求。     

穿孔板吸声结构的吸声性能及其应用

对穿孔板吸声结构的声学特性进行了理论分析与计算。讨论了穿孔板吸声结构的共振吸声原理，基于对穿孔板吸声结构声阻抗的讨论，分析了穿孔率、空腔深度、板厚、孔径等参数对吸声性能的影响，为穿孔板吸声结构的工程应用提供了依据。针对某工程机械风冷系统噪声突出这一现象，专门为风冷系统设计了穿孔板吸声结构，大幅度降低了该机风冷系统的噪声，也使该机的驾驶环境噪声得到了有效控制。     

微穿孔板吸声体声学性能的仿真研究

介绍微穿孔板吸声体的基本理论,通过MATLAB仿真深入分析了微穿孔板吸声体各参数对其吸声性能的影响特性,设计了基于LabVIEW、MATLAB的微穿孔板吸声体声学仿真设计平台,通过LabVIEW调用MATLAB Script节点可以方便、直观的根据具体工程应用背景要求设计所需要的微穿孔板吸声体结构,实现了LabVIEW、MATLAB的完美结合。实验证明该仿真设计平台使用方便、计算准确。     

Widening the sound absorption bandwidths of flexible micro-perforated curved absorbers using structural and acoustic resonances

In this paper, the sound absorptions of flexible curved micro-perforated panels that are backed by an air cavity are studied in detail. A theoretical model that is based on the classical plate equation coupled with an acoustic wave equation is developed for the prediction of sound absorption. This model considers both symmetrical and antisymmetrical structural acoustic responses. Using the electro-acoustic analogy approach, another model is developed that only considers single structural and acoustic modes. It is proposed to make use of panel and cavity resonances to widen the absorption bandwidth of a single/double perforated absorber. The absorption of a flexible micro-perforated panel can be further enhanced by adjusting its curvature to bring the resonant frequencies closer together. The effects of various parameters such as boundary condition, incidence angle, and curvature on the absorption are studied. Predicted results for the single and double layer absorbers show good agreement with measurements.     

Interior noise analysis of a construction equipment cabin based on airborne and structure-borne noise predictions

Noise from construction equipment affects not only surrounding residents, but also the operators of the machines. Noise that affects drivers must be evaluated during the preliminary design stage. This paper suggests an interior noise analysis procedure for construction equipment cabins. The analysis procedure, which can be used in the preliminary design stage, was investigated for airborne and structure-borne noise. The total interior noise of a cabin was predicted from the airborne noise analysis and structure-borne noise analysis. The analysis procedure consists of four steps: modeling, vibration analysis, acoustic analysis and total interior noise analysis. A mesh model of a cabin for numerical analysis was made at the modeling step. At the vibration analysis step, the mesh model was verified and modal analysis and frequency response analysis are performed. At the acoustic analysis step, the vibration results from the vibration analysis step were used as initial values for radiated noise analysis and noise reduction analysis. Finally, the total cabin interior noise was predicted using the acoustic results from the acoustic analysis step. Each step was applied to a cabin of a middle-sized excavator and verified by comparison with measured data. The cabin interior noise of a middle-sized wheel loader and a large-sized forklift were predicted using the analysis procedure of the four steps and were compared with measured data. The interior noise analysis procedure of construction equipment cabins is expected to be used during the preliminary design stage.     

Computer-aided design on a perforated single-layer absorber under space constraints

As investigated by the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) in 1970, noise is highly responsible for the psychological and physiological illnesses of workers. Therefore, noise control for an enclosed manufacturing system using sound absorbers becomes indispensable. Considering the minimal acoustic wool used in the high-performance sound absorber during design optimization, the ratio of the sound absorption coefficient to the thickness of acoustic wool, a cost- and performance-oriented design index, is then applied and served as a researched objective accordingly; what’s more, the thickness of the absorber is fixed in advance for the sake of maintenance and access. In this paper, not only is the graphic analysis studied, but also, the computer-aided numerical assessments are presented. In the computer-graphic analysis on sensitivity, one set of design data is developed first. Additionally, the successive algorithm of iteration techniques and the original design data are carried out independently. Moreover, the results are then confirmed by the Kuhn-Tucker condition for accuracy purposes. It is shown that the theoretical and simulated results are in good agreement. The economical design of the sound absorber proposed in this study definitely provides a quick and optimal approach to minimize the amount of acoustic wool used and retain the higher acoustic performance of perforated single-layer absorbers under space restrictions.     

影响齿轮箱噪声的因素及其控制方法

噪声是评价齿轮装置性能的一项重要指标。降低噪声是齿轮箱设计要考虑的主要内容。根据多年从事齿轮箱设计工作的经验，论述影响齿轮箱噪声的因素以及控制与降低噪声的方法。     

基于板件贡献分析的装载机驾驶室低噪声设计

分别建立某装载机驾驶室及室内声腔有限元模型,通过单点输入多点输出(single input and multiple output,简称SIMO)法模态试验验证了声振耦合模型的准确性,测取悬置点激励进行频率响应分析及室内噪声预测。对驾驶室进行声学灵敏度分析,采用声传递向量法对驾驶室进行声学板件贡献度分析并对关键板件进行形貌优化,同时添加橡胶阻尼材料抑制壁板振动,进行二次声压虚拟预测。结果表明,声学灵敏度分析可得到多阶关键声振耦合频率,声传递向量法板件贡献度分析能准确定位产生噪声峰值的关键板件,形貌优化及添加阻尼材料的方案降噪效果显著,室内总声压级降低了4.43dB。此方案系统地为低噪声车身设计提供了技术路线,减少了传统方案的主观性和重复性,缩短了研发周期,降低了研发成本。     

Vibro-acoustic analysis of micro-perforated sandwich structure used in space craft industry

In satellite telecommunications lightweight parabolic reflectors are made with multilayered composite material. During launcher lift-off and the first stage of the flight, vibro-acoustic excitations due to the thrust system and aerodynamic forces are the most critical. The random acoustic load applied to the antenna structure becomes very important and can damage the structure and its equipments. To reduce the acoustic loads, micro-perforated thin shell structures are used in order to reduce the acoustic load applied. CAD and numerical software tools are needed to design and optimise such structures. The computation of the acoustic load induced by a diffuse field on a micro-perforated structure is not classical. The aim of this study is to develop a numerical local impedance model to represent the effect of the perforation to be used within vibro-acoustic software.