DDS输出频谱杂散的抑制

本文简要说明了直接数字频率合成器原理,分析了DDS输出频谱杂散的误差来源,介绍了抖动注入法、正弦查找表的幅度压缩方法和DAC平衡法等DDS频谱杂散抑制方法,详细阐述有关原理和具体实现方法。     

DDS输出频谱杂散的抑制

本文简要说明了直接数字频率合成器原理，分析了DDS输出频谱杂散的误差来源，介绍了抖动注入法、正弦查找表的幅度压缩方法和DAC平衡法等DDS频谱杂散抑制方法，详细阐述有关原理和具体实现方法。     

基于DDS技术正弦信号发生器的设计

为了能够方便地产生波形平滑、频率稳定的正弦信号波形,提出了一种基于DDS技术的正弦信号发生器的设计方法。介绍了DDS技术在波形产生功能电路中的应用,并对FPGA实现DDS功能做了具体的说明。介绍了DDS技术的基本原理,论述了基于FPGA实现正弦/余弦信号发生器和32位序列信号发生器的设计方案。最后,实验结果表明:采用该方法设计的正弦波形发生器输出的波形与传统的正弦波形发生器相比,具有波形平滑、波形稳定度高、频率稳定度和分辨率高等诸多优点。     

基于FPGA的移相正弦信号发生器的设计

正弦信号发生器作为最基本的电子设备,广泛应用于航空航天控制、通信、电子测量、研究等等。本文介绍了基于FPGA技术,根据正弦信号移相原理,利用matlab/simlink/DSP Builder搭建移相正弦信号模型,采用直接数字频率合成技术(DDS),设计实现了一个频率、相位可控的正弦信号发生器。采用此方法设计的数控移相正弦信号发生器能够产生频率、相位均可数字式预置并可调节的正弦波信号,该数字移相信号发生器的频率、相位、幅度均可预置,分辨率高,精确可调,且可分别用作两路独立的信号发生器使用。采用这种方法设计可控移相信号发生器方便快捷,提高了开发效率,缩短研发周期,而且系统的调试方便,容易修改。     

基于DDS和PLL的高性能信号源设计

基于直接数字频率合成技术(DDS),采用FPGA实现对DDS芯片AD9910的控制,提出一种高性能信号发生器的实现方案。重点介绍了DDS基本原理、晶振的选型、抑制DDS的杂散的方法、系统的总体结构以及软件设计。此系统具有高频率、高分辨率、高精度的主要特点,且控制灵活方便,具有广阔的应用前景。     

直接数字频率合成技术杂散信号频谱性能分析

本文介绍了直接数字频率合成技术DDS(Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers)工作原理,分析了其理想频谱;采用信号分析的方法深入研究了DDS存在相位截断和幅度量化时引入的杂散信号频谱分布的规律和性能;定性讨论了DAC非理想性对DDS输出杂散谱的影响。最后进行计算机仿真分析并验证了结论。所得规律性结论为DDS设计和工程应用开发中的参数选取、杂散评估和杂散抑制提供重要的理论依据和经验参考。     

OFDMA系统上行链路频偏的盲估计

本文介绍了直接数字频率合成技术DDS(Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers)工作原理,分析了其理想频谱;采用信号分析的方法深入研究了DDS存在相位截断和幅度量化时引入的杂散信号频谱分布的规律和性能;定性讨论了DAC非理想性对DDS输出杂散谱的影响.最后进行计算机仿真分析并验证了结论.所得规律性结论为DDS设计和工程应用开发中的参数选取、杂散评估和杂散抑制提供重要的理论依据和经验参考.     

DDS的杂散分析及降低杂散的方法

对直接数字频率合成器(DDS)的相位截断杂散、幅度量化杂散及非线性杂散的频谱特征和分布规律进行了定性分析,得到相位截断是DDS输出频谱杂散的主要来源.利用得到的结论提出了合理选择时钟频率的方法,用于抑制DDS输出信号中的相位截断杂散,然后探讨了DDS级联设计的方法,用于降低系统设计中DDS输出信号的杂散,最后进行了计算机仿真,证实了本文方法的可行性.     

基于FPGA的DDS正弦信号发生器的设计和实现

利用FPGA芯片及D／A转换器,采用直接数字频率合成技术,设计实现了一个频率、相位可控的正弦信号发生器,同时阐述了直接数字频率合成（DDS）技术的工作原理、电路结构,及设计的思路和实现方法。经过设计和电路测试,输出波形达到了技术要求,控制灵活、性能较好,也证明了基于FPGA的DDS设计的可靠性和可行性。     

基于DDS的低相噪捷变频频率源的设计与实现

采用直接数字频率合成(DDS)技术结合梳状谱发生器设计了一种低相噪高杂散抑制的捷变频频率源。由DDS产生的基带信号经小型化开关滤波器后与梳状谱发生器产生的多个点频信号混频,然后经过开关滤波器组滤除杂散分量后放大,最终输出所需频率的信号。介绍了DDS的原理,分析了频率源各项指标,最终完成了相噪≤-110 dBc/Hz@1 kHz、杂散抑制≤-68 dBc、频率切换时间≤150 ns的频率源设计与实现。本设计将DDS和上变频相结合,具有输出信号的高杂散抑制、低相噪、频率快速切换等优点,为雷达、电子对抗等系统的频率综合器设计提供了一种低成本、高性能的选择。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks