8M~3高炉炼磷试验操作技术总结

前言侯马8M~3高炉炼磷中间试验共进行了三次实验。在第三次实验中取得了良好的技术经济指标。继我所65年0.77M~3高炉炼磷在我国首次成功后,扩大到侯马8M~3高炉炼磷中试再次获得成功,使这项科研成果的推广工作展现了宽广的前景。高炉炼磷是以高炉冶炼为基础生产黄磷的工艺流程。在整个流程打通以后,能否连续稳定运转,并获得高效率低消耗的技术经济指标,高炉操作技术则成为关键之一环。因此,总结这三次实验,尤其是     

1982年《化工冶金》总目录

高温冶金19 1 29 41 5078,工2 2 2 229 17 25 35 4553胜1 3 3 3 3 8 3 331 1 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 44热风炉不稳态传热的数学模型及其求解SM“高炉炼磷试验总结SM“高炉炼磷操作技术总结气体喷吹精炼过程中的钢水循环流动高炉滴下带气·液二相流的模拟研究高炉型钦渣氧化、还原反应动力学的研究(一) 流态化冶金流态化反应器分布板附近的湍流运动中国流态化概况快速流态化流体力学关联三维流态化床喷咀区气体和固体颗粒的行为(日)流态化床塌落动力学流态化床分布板区鼓泡区和稀相区颗粒的行为(日)光导纤维,在流态化系统的测示应用模拟流态化床煤…     

影响密炼机炼胶温度因素的探讨

炼胶温度是决定密炼机生产能力和炼胶质量的重要因素之一。本文主要对影响密炼机的炼胶温度的因素进行了分析，并通过试验机台对转子转速，冷却水温度等因素对炼胶温度的影响进行了实验研究和分析。     

JZ煤法竖罐炼磷小型试验取得成功

长期以来，人们反复追求的用煤炭冶炼黄磷的技术，最近随JZ煤法坚罐炼磷小型试验取得成功给磷业界的人士带来新的希望。JZ煤法坚罐炼试验是由贵阳三江黄磷厂将贵州省的优质磷矿和煤炭运往葫芦岛锌厂进行的。据试验结果看，用煤炭在竖罐中炼磷，黄磷成本比电炉炼磷成本下降1／4～1／3，按目前电炉黄磷成本6000元／t计，每吨黄磷可增加利润1500～2000元。如果该小试结果推广到中试乃至工业性试验并取得成功，将对我省磷资源优势转变为经济效益产生巨大的作用。JZ煤法竖罐炼磷小型试验取得成功     

高炉富硼渣低温钠化焙烧水浸制取硼砂

以Na_2CO_3为钠化剂,对高炉富硼渣采用低温钠化焙烧—水浸方法制取硼砂,考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、Na_2CO_3加入量、高炉富硼渣粒度、浸出温度、浸出时间、液固比等对硼浸出率的影响。高炉富硼渣中主要组分为镁橄榄石(Mg_2SiO_4),硼元素主要以玻璃态存在。试验结果表明,低温钠化焙烧过程和水浸过程对硼浸出率有显著影响,这是因为钠化焙烧使硼转化成了可溶性的硼酸钠盐,有利于硼的浸出。试验获得的最佳工艺参数如下:高炉富硼渣颗粒200目通过率为98.56%、Na_2CO_3加入量为理论量的4倍、焙烧温度为700℃、焙烧时间为4h、浸出温度为95℃、水浸时间为2h、液固比为10∶1;在此条件下,硼的一次常压水浸浸出率为71.81%,水浸滤液经除杂、蒸发浓缩后获得了结晶良好的硼砂产品,纯度为96.3%。     

磷石膏热分解技术研究

采用差额分析方法分析了在800～1000℃内以煤粉为还原剂时,温度和时间对磷石膏和纯石膏分解率的影响,系统分析了玻璃粉、钾长石、粉煤灰在含掺量为60%时对磷石膏及热分解过程的影响。试验结果表明,当煤粉掺量小于20%时,在各种温度下磷石膏和纯石膏的分解率均很低;但当煤粉掺量达到60%以后,磷石膏和纯石膏分解率几乎不随煤粉掺量的提高而有显著提高。在煤粉充足和温度合适的情况下,钾长石和粉煤灰具有较好的分解促进作用,玻璃效果甚微。     

基于方差分析的开炼机智能炼胶过程优化

采用XK-160E型开炼机智能炼胶实验平台,在试验测得的开炼机最优炼胶工艺参数组合(辊距0.6 mm,辊速29 r·min-1,速比1∶1.25,辊筒温度50℃,混炼时间18 min)条件下,通过SPSS统计分析软件的方差分析结果选取辊距、辊速和速比进行研究。对试验数据进行分析处理,从而得到在炼胶过程中工艺参数最优的变化趋势,最终实现对橡胶开炼机智能炼胶过程的优化。     

新型大球包膜控释复合肥养分释放特征及影响因素

通过水溶出率法试验测定了包膜厚度、开孔剂添加量、温度和球径大小等因素对大球包膜控释复合肥养分释放速率的影响。试验结果表明：氮素和钾素的释放率显著大于磷素释放率,减小膜厚或增加开孔剂添加量均可加快各养分释放速率;当温度在25—40℃时,其氮、磷、钾的释放速率无显著变化,但温度从40℃升高至60℃时,氮、磷、钾的释放速率均显著加快;增大大球包膜控释复合肥的球径并未显著影响氮、磷、钾的释放速率,但节省了包膜材料,可降低生产成本。     

高炉土法炼硫过程的剖析

一、前言高炉土法炼硫在国内已有一千年以上的历史。但这方面研究工作进行得很少。本文试图通过实际测定的数据,对土法炼硫过程加以剖析;运用化学观点对劳动人民长期积累的经验加以解释;并对提高收率和发展方向等提出粗浅意见。二、高炉土法炼硫的数据1.炉子有效容积4.45米~3,冷却室9间计21米~3(图1)。     

以百分之百无烟煤粉代焦生产钙镁磷肥试验

我厂立足本地资源,大搞燃料革命,在上级有关部门和兄弟单位的支持下,于1976年3月开始在本厂30米。高炉上进行粉煤炼肥试验,至目前为止共试验22次,初步攻克了旋风炉给煤关、稳定燃烧关、高炉透气关和出肥关。第22次试验持续进行346小时,产肥777     

钙镁磷肥装置节能减排设计要点

为达到大型钙镁磷肥装置节能降耗、环保的要求,介绍其设计的工艺流程及高炉、热风炉、煤气净化设备等主要设备的选择要求,该设计在云南大通磷化工公司的装置上实施,每吨钙镁磷肥折标焦耗不到200 kg,送入高炉热风温度大于650℃,并有进一步节能降耗的空间。     

SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF COIL DECOKING IN ETHANE PYROLYSIS FURNACE

A detailed model of coupled heat transfer in the firebox and coke oxidation in the coils of a commercial ethane pyrolysis furnace was developed to simulate the decoking process. The model was created by combining a plug flow reactor model, the shrinking core model, and the zonal approach method to approximately describe the fluid flow in the coils, the gas-solid heterogeneous reactions of coke gasification, and the heat transfer in the furnace. The simulation accurately modeled the decoking time and CO₂ mole fraction at the coil outlets. The model may be used to evaluate existing decoking processes, and new decoking procedures can be investigated by iterative approximation. The model can be used to validate the following steady-state operating conditions: coil outlet temperature, coil inlet temperature, decoking time, coil outlet CO₂ mole fraction, and the maximum external tube wall temperature, resulting in lower consumption of steam and air and a reduction in residual coke. This work has provided essential information for the development of advanced on-line coke-burning procedures for ethylene production.     

配风方式对燃煤锅炉掺烧污泥影响的数值模拟研究

燃煤耦合污泥发电技术研究主要聚焦在掺混比等条件的影响,而主燃区过量空气系数等因素的影响规律尚不清晰。鉴于此,采用涡耗散模型对600 MW四角切圆煤粉锅炉掺烧市政污泥进行数值模拟研究,分析了污泥掺混比例、主燃区过量空气系数以及二次风配风方式对燃煤锅炉内污泥掺混燃烧及NOx生成的影响。结果表明:随着污泥掺混比增加,炉膛整体温度下降,影响燃烧稳定性,同时炉膛出口NOx浓度有所降低。当污泥掺混比例增长至20%,炉膛出口温度约下降100 K,NOx浓度减少53.2%。而污泥掺混比例对于炉膛内速度场分布影响较小。随着主燃区过量空气系数由0.72增加至0.96,炉膛出口温度增幅较小,仅增加15 K左右,而NOx浓度则大幅增长,由174.39 mg/m3增长至352.09 mg/m3,约增长50.4%。在本文过量空气系数范围内,考虑温度和NOx浓度,推荐主燃区过量空气系数0.84。不同二次风配风对燃煤锅炉掺烧污泥影响差异较大。5种配风方式下,炉膛出口温度和NOx浓度有较大变化。鼓腰配风下炉膛出口温度最低,为1 289 K,而倒塔配风温度最高,为1 341 K。同时鼓腰配风下NOx浓度较高,为207.77 mg/m3,束腰配风NOx浓度较低,为156.42mg/m3。综合温度和NOx浓度,本文二次风配风推荐采用束腰配风方式。     

Influence of the reactivity of coke on blast-furnace performance

The cold strength M ₂₅₍₄₀₎ and M ₁₀ of the coke determines the gas permeability of the batch bed in the blast furnace down to the viscoplastic zone of the ore and the coke windows in that zone. The hot characteristics CRI and CSR determine the mechanical strength of the coke in the lower part of the furnace batch, in and below the viscoplastic zone, including the furnace well. It is wrong to regard the hot and cold characteristics as alternatives, since they describe different conditions; the significance of each one should be acknowledged. The coke consumption may be reduced with increase in reactivity of the coke, so long as the high initial strength of the coke is maintained. The minimum permissible reactivity of the coke without clogging of the hearth depends on the operating conditions in the specific blast furnace.     

Properties and potential of formed cokes derived from two Turkish lignites by carbonization of binderless briquettes

Two high-sulphur Turkish lignites were briquetted at room temperature under pressures of 113 or 212 MPa and the briquettes were carbonized to 1158–1173 K over special heating cycles. The lower-rank lignite gave a formed coke of superior mechanical strength, lower porosity and higher sulphur content than typical blast furnace cokes. The formed coke produced from the higher-rank lignite briquettes had slightly poorer mechanical strength, lower porosity and much higher ash yield and sulphur content than conventional cokes. The products were considered attractive for use in non-ferrous metallurgy.     

煤气燃烧对火焰高度影响的研究

焦炉立火道中煤气的燃烧过程属于扩散燃烧,扩散燃烧有利于焦饼高向加热的均匀性和降低能耗。文中计算了扩散燃烧的火焰高度,对焦炉使用高炉煤气与焦炉煤气加热及废气循环对火焰高度的影响进行了比较。同时还分析了影响火焰高度的因素和解决焦炉高向加热的措施。     

Coal char combustion under a CO2-rich atmosphere: Implications for pulverized coal injection in a blast furnace

Pulverized coal injection (PCI) is employed in blast furnace tuyeres attempting to maximize the injection rate without increasing the amount of unburned char inside the stack of the blast furnace. When coal is injected with air through the injection lance, the resolidified char will burn in an atmosphere with a progressively lower oxygen content and higher CO₂ concentration. In this study an experimental approach was followed to separate the combustion process into two distinct devolatilization and combustion steps. Initially coal was injected into a drop tube furnace (DTF) operating at 1300 °C in an atmosphere with a low oxygen concentration to ensure the combustion of volatiles and prevent the formation of soot. Then the char was refired into the DTF at the same temperature under two different atmospheres O₂/N₂ (typical combustion) and O₂/CO₂ (oxy-combustion) with the same oxygen concentration. Coal injection was also performed under a higher oxygen concentration in atmospheres typical for both combustion and oxy-combustion. The fuels tested comprised a petroleum coke and coals currently used for PCI injection ranging from high volatile to low volatile bituminous rank. Thermogravimetric analyses and microscopy techniques were used to establish the reactivity and appearance of the chars.     

烧结床层的热质分析

基于烧结生产的复杂物理化学过程,建立了烧结床层传热、传质和流动的二维非稳态数学模型,考虑了孔隙率、物料颗粒当量直径等床层结构影响参数的变化,并对气固传热系数进行了修正。通过数值计算,获得了烧结床层的温度场、结构变化和烟气的流场、温度场、浓度场等。烟气出口温度、床层总压降与生产实测值吻合较好,验证了数学模型的正确性。进一步分析了燃料配比、风量和给料温度等操作参数对烧结过程的影响。研究结果表明：燃烧带的厚度、最高温度随着烧结过程的进行而逐渐增加。床层孔隙率、颗粒当量直径的变化主要发生在燃烧带的熔融、冷凝阶段。料层压损最大的是燃烧熔融层,其次是混合料带,最小的是烧结矿层。增加焦粉含量、提高烧结混合料的初温,有利于提高成矿质量;风量过大时,会造成成矿质量下降、生产成本提高。     

二氯乙烷裂解管式反应器二维模拟

建立了二氯乙烷在管式反应器中进行气相热裂解的二维模型 ,模型考虑了二氯乙烷热解生成氯乙烯的主反应和生成焦前体的副反应以及气体密度变化对裂解反应的影响 .模拟计算表明 ,二氯乙烷和氯乙烯的浓度沿径向分布平坦 ;但是管内近壁面处由于存在边界层 ,始终存在着明显的径向温差 ;近管壁处始终是裂解的高速率区 ,副反应也主要发生在管壁区 .表明确定最优的炉管管径时必须考虑提高裂解速率与降低结焦速率之间的平衡 .在距进口量纲 1管程 0 .3左右的管壁处裂解速率达到最高 ;副反应速率的最大点位于出口管壁处 .与工业数据比较后发现 ,炉管出口的转化率、选择性、出口压力和温度等数据与模型预测值一致 ,表明模型具有较高的可信度     

Information content of methods of determining coke reactivity

The reactivity of coke plays an important role in blast-furnace smelting. The reaction of carbon in coke with oxygen generates the heat required for various chemical reactions in the blast furnace. The reaction of carbon in coke with carbon dioxide and water vapor forms carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which reduce the iron and alloying elements from their oxides. As a result of these reactions, the strength of the coke pieces in the blast furnace is reduced, and they break down more as they move in the furnace batch, with consequent decrease in gas permeability of the batch column.