一种大容量的自适应信息隐藏方法

提出了一种基于空间域的自适应多平面位的信息隐藏算法,该算法计算复杂度低,信息隐藏量大。实验表明在不影响图像视觉效果的前提下,其信息隐藏量比LSB算法大一倍以上,比各种变换域算法的信息隐藏量更是大很多,而计算复杂度比变换域算法低很多。该算法嵌入的隐藏信息不是嵌入在载体图像的固定位平面,可防止位平面过滤所导致的失密。     

大容量的信息隐藏算法

提出一种基于空间域的自适应多平面位的信息隐藏算法,该算法计算复杂度低、信息隐藏量大。实验表明在不影响图像视觉效果的前提下,其信息隐藏量比LSB算法大,并具有更高的安全性。该算法的主要思想是对每个像素点进行判断,根据HVS的特性,在最高非0有效位后的指定位(y)开始嵌入隐藏信息,嵌入到另一个指定位(z)为止。     

抗隐写密钥分析的LSB隐写算法

LSB算法是一种典型的空间域信息隐藏算法,由于嵌入信息量大、算法简单而成为最常见的信息隐藏算法,也同时成为了隐写分析者很感兴趣的对象。针对隐写位置密钥的攻击,本文提出了一种改进的LSB隐写算法,先在图像各像素的LSB位嵌入噪声信息,再在密钥的控制下有选择性地在部分像素点嵌入隐藏信息。在已知载体图像或已知多幅用同一载体进行信息隐藏的载密图像的情况下,可以有效抵御针对隐写位置密钥的攻击,提高了LSB算法的安全性。同时该思想也可应用于基于DCT域等频域的隐藏算法中。     

基于预测误差差值扩展和最低有效位替换的可逆数据隐藏

将差值扩展技术应用于彩色图像,提出一种基于预测误差差值扩展和最低有效位（LSB）替换的彩色图像可逆数据隐藏算法。针对传统差值扩展技术存在过分修改像素灰度值、定位图偏大等缺点,首先利用色彩分量间的相关性减小差值,并将差值扩展量分散到两个色彩分量中;其次,改变差值扩展公式以减少不可扩展差值的数量,提高定位图的压缩率,从而增加嵌入容量;最后,运用LSB替换法嵌入数据,将差值扩展与数据嵌入过程分离,嵌入端和提取端均只需进行一次差值扩展,嵌入和提取效率得以提高。提取端在提取信息时可根据需要无损地恢复原始图像。实验结果表明,该算法在提高嵌入容量和图像质量的同时降低了算法复杂度。     

安全空域掩密算法

分析了在最低有效位LSB信息嵌入过程中引入矩阵编码技术对LSB算法的安全性的影响,指出矩阵编码算法由于降低了信息嵌入过程中改变图像像素LSB的概率,从而增加了空域掩密算法的安全嵌入信息的容量。改进了传统的LSB信息嵌入算法,改变其单一嵌入模式,加入称为“偏移嵌入”的信息嵌入方法,使改进后的算法可有效地抵抗RS攻击。     

基于纠错码的健壮性图像信息隐藏算法

针对空域图像信息隐藏(IH)算法健壮性较差的缺陷,研究了基于纠错码的图像信息隐藏算法。利用纠错码能够纠正随机错误的特性提高空域信息隐藏算法抵抗攻击者修改载体的能力。给出了两类不同的算法:基于纠错码的最低有效位(LSB)信息隐藏算法与基于纠错码的灰度位信息隐藏算法。前者将秘密信息进行编码并以LSB的形式进行嵌入,能够在低密度噪声的情况下实现较高的健壮性;后者利用图像像素灰度值的结构特点,以Hamming码的形式对每一个已嵌入秘密信息的像素灰度值进行编码,可以达到独立纠正一个错误的目的。理论分析和实验结果表明,在相同的噪声密度和噪声幅度下,这两类算法恢复的秘密信息百分比均高于基本的LSB算法,是两种具有较高健壮性的信息隐藏算法。     

基于MSB和HVS的空域信息隐藏算法的研究

为了提高图像信息隐藏的容量以及鲁棒性,提出了基于最高有效位和人类视觉系统的空域信息隐藏算法。它将秘密信息与最高有效位平面匹配替换,以减少需要嵌入信息的容量,形成新的秘密信息;然后根据人眼视觉,针对图像的纹理区域和平滑区域、高灰度区域和低灰度区域的不同冗余程度进行信息嵌入。实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的鲁棒性,嵌入容量大于LSB算法,并且隐秘图像的峰值信噪比均大于38dB,保证了信息隐藏的视觉效果。     

基于Peano曲线扫描的大容量密文域可逆信息隐藏方案

针对现有密文域可逆信息隐藏算法中存在嵌入率低、安全性不足等问题进行了研究,提出了一种利用图像像素间相关性的大容量密文域可逆信息隐藏方案.首先利用图像位平面间相关性减小冗余,再使用Peano曲线对位平面进行扫描,利用游程霍夫曼编码对每个位平面进行压缩,而后利用图像高位信息对低位空间进行填充,最后用填充消息作为隐藏密钥对秘密信息异或加密实现嵌入.实验结果表明,该方法可完全可逆地恢复原始图像,平均最大嵌入容量达2.53 bpp.     

一种新的基于双伪随机数的图像隐写算法

为提高数字图像隐写中的隐藏信息容量,提出了一种基于双伪随机数的图像隐写算法.首先介绍了伪随机数生成和双像素嵌入信息原理,然后将随机产生的整数伪随机数看作一个辅助像素值,结合载体图像中的一个像素值将两位秘密信息同时嵌入到一个载体图像像素中,从而在像素改变较小的情况下提高隐藏容量.最后分析了算法的嵌入性能,并通过仿真实验证明,该方法在提高隐藏信息容量的同时,也具有很好的安全性能.     

像素差自适应隐写方案*

提出了一种新的基于相邻像素差的自适应隐写算法。该算法结合图像位平面性质以及人眼对像素值起伏剧烈的区域敏感性较差的视觉特性,根据相邻像素高五位比特值之差的不同选择不同的嵌入策略,通过改变每对像素的最低三位比特值实现信息嵌入。通过理论分析和实验证明,该算法具有较高的嵌入容量,具有良好的隐写安全性,同时算法复杂度低,实现简单。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.