语义万维网的概念、方法及应用

近两年来,语义万维网(semanticweb)的研究逐渐引起了知识表示、逻辑编程、信息系统集成、web开发等各个领域的广泛关注。笔者在研究万维网环境下的领域知识表示及语义共享模式的过程中,阅读了大量有关语义万维网的文献资料,认为,语义万维网的研究将对传统web上信息的发布、存储和处理方式产生一场变革,但是语义万维网的概念、思想和方法还处于形成阶段,国内少有综述性的文献,对语义万维网及其相关技术的认识比较模糊。该文分析了语义万维网的起源、概念、技术框架,总结了语义万维网及相关工具的现状,并讨论了语义万维网技术在智能信息检索、企业间数据交换、知识管理以及万维网服务中的应用。     

语义Web的标记语言和体系结构

当前WWW上的信息主要是为人类阅读而设计的，而语义Web试图将WWW上的海量信息以一种机器可理解的方式组织起来，提供数据的语义关系的表达手段，以满足日益增加Web应用对数据互操作性的要求，XML提供了对数据表达的语法的统一描述，RDF和RDF Schema提供了对数据语义的表达手段，本体论（Ontology)是关于领域内共享概念的形式化的规格说明，在语义Web中起重要作用，本体论语言形成关于本体的逻辑描述，这样从下到上形成了语义Web的层次体系结构。     

语义Web

介绍了语义Web的概念有本体模型在其中的运用，比较了XML/XML Schema和RDF/RDF Schema在语义表示方面的使用，提出RDF（S）更适合于语义Web；最后讨论了扩展RDF开发语义Web应用所应该注意的问题。     

一个语义Web构架及其实现

语义Web是国际互联网组织W3C制定的关于未来Web的一个长远蓝图,近两年发展异常迅猛,并显示出诱人的应用前景。该文在概述语义Web基本技术的基础上,设计了一个面向企业门户网站的语义Web体系结构;提出了页面代理的概念及其作用与功能结构;设计了语义Web查询语言CDQL,该语言在跨信息源查询、约束表示等方面扩充了DQL查询语言。     

A comparison of two modelling paradigms in the Semantic Web

Classical logics and Datalog-related logics have both been proposed as underlying formalisms for conceptual modelling in the context of the Semantic Web. Although these two different formalism groups have some commonalities, and look similar in the context of expressively impoverished languages like RDF, their differences become apparent at more expressive language levels. After considering some of these differences, we argue that, although some of the characteristics of Datalog have their utility, the open environment of the Semantic Web is better served by standard logics.     

Summarizing Vocabularies in the Global Semantic Web

In the Semantic Web, vocabularies are defined and shared among knowledge workers to describe linked data for scientific, industrial or daily life usage. With the rapid growth of online vocabularies, there is an emergent need for approaches helping users understand vocabularies quickly. In this paper, we study the summarization of vocabularies to help users understand vocabularies. Vocabulary summarization is based on the structural analysis and pragmatics statistics in the global Semantic Web. Local Bipa...     

Web服务语义描述的架构

介绍了语义网在Web Service中的应用。在介绍语义网体系结构的基础上,讨论了语义网核心层XML层、RDF层、ONTOLOGY层的前相关技术,最后,就语义网的应用与当前Web Service中的一些应用技术作了简要比较。     

语义Web服务组合综述

语义Web服务的目标是,利用语义Web技术将Web服务的静态描述和动态行为与功能有机地结合起来,解决Web服务的自动发现、组合和执行等问题。语义Web服务组合是服务资源重用的一种重要方式,也是语义Web服务研究领域的一个重要内容,它以现有的语义Web服务资源为基础,通过服务组合为基于Internet的大规模复杂应用提供新的、更多的可用资源。首先对语义Web服务相关的基本概念进行归纳和总结,概述语义Web服务组合的研究内容和目标,然后根据语义Web服务组合中使用的方法学对其进行分类并分析这些方法的实现过程和特点,最后总结全文,指出下一步的研究方向。     

Using the Semantic Web for linking and reusing data across Web 2.0 communities

Large volumes of content (bookmarks, reviews, videos, etc.) are currently being created on the “Social Web”, i.e. on Web 2.0 community sites, and this content is being annotated and commented upon. The ability to view an individual's entire contribution to the Social Web would be an interesting and valuable service, particularly important as social networks are often being formed through created content and things that people have in common (“object-centred sociality”). SIOC is a Semantic Web research project that aims to describe online communities on the Social Web. This paper describes how SIOC and the Semantic Web can enable linking and reuse scenarios of data from Web 2.0 community sites, and introduces a SIOC Types module to further specify the type of content items and act as a “glue” between user posts and the content items created and annotated by users.     

Semantic Web Technologies for supporting learning assessment

The use of Semantic Web Technologies in eLearning has become more significant in recent years. A topic that has received less attention to date is the use of such technologies for supporting assessment processes. In this paper, an approach that makes use of Semantic Web Technologies to support the assessment of open questions in eLearning courses is described. This methodology combines domain ontologies, semantic annotations and semantic similarity measurements. It also incorporates an algorithm for extracting knowledge from students’ answers. It has been applied in different courses and the results are also reported and discussed. In our approach, the behaviour of the algorithm for calculating the referred semantic similarity is defined by the teacher.     

语义Web的现状与发展趋势

语义Web是当前Web技术的扩展,是第三代Web.本文阐述了语义Web的概念,探讨了RDF技术及其特点,描述了语义Web的发展趋势.     

An integration site for Semantic Web metadata

The Semantic Web has motivated many communities to provide data in a machine-readable format. However, the available data has not been utilized to far to the extent possible. The data, which has been created by a large number of people, is dispersed across the Web. Creating the data without central coordination results in RDF of varying quality and makes it obligatory to cleanse the collected data before integration. The SECO system presented in this paper harvests RDF files from the Web and consolidates the different data sets into a coherent representation aligned along an internal schema. SECO provides interfaces for humans to browse and for software agents to query the data repository. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of RDF data available online, the architecture and implementation of the SECO application, and discuss some of the experienced gained while collecting and integrating RDF on the Web.     

基于RDF4S语义服务描述模型的服务资源搜索框架

语义服务资源搜索是一个满足服务请求者快速、便捷地定位可用语义服务资源的过程。一个高效、精确的基于语义的语义服务资源搜索框架和经过精心设计并实现的搜索工具是语义服务框架中的一个必要组件。提出一种基于RDF4S语义服务描述模型的服务资源搜索框架,详细说明了该搜索框架的结构。搜索框架根据RDF4S语义服务描述模型的QoS、执行、功能和接口四种语义标注元素类型,分别采用不同的搜索匹配策略,可以很大程度上提高搜索的效率和精度。     

一种简历语义搜索系统的实现方法

政府与企事业单位的人事部门通常面临着如何从大量简历中筛选出合适人选的问题。一些业务部门对人才的需求通常只能表达为标签,比如“具有丰富搜索引擎开发经验”、“985高校毕业”等,这些需求不能通过SQL查询或关键词搜索来实现。为了解决这个问题,提出一种基于语义网的简历搜索方法。通过领域知识库辅助信息提取的方法,对简历信息进行语义分析和标签的自动生成。此外,在大规模人员情况下,提出了多层次缓存的方法, 极大提高 了性能。将该方法应用于某 机构 一万人员简历的筛选,实验结果表明了其有效性。     

The two cultures: Mashing up Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web

A common perception is that there are two competing visions for the future evolution of the Web: the Semantic Web and Web 2.0. A closer look, though, reveals that the core technologies and concerns of these two approaches are complementary and that each field can and must draw from the other’s strengths. We believe that future Web applications will retain the Web 2.0 focus on community and usability, while drawing on Semantic Web infrastructure to facilitate mashup-like information sharing. However, there are several open issues that must be addressed before such applications can become commonplace. In this paper, we outline a semantic weblogs scenario that illustrates the potential for combining Web 2.0 and Semantic Web technologies, while highlighting the unresolved issues that impede its realization. Nevertheless, we believe that the scenario can be realized in the short-term. We point to recent progress made in resolving each of the issues as well as future research directions for each of the communities.     

基于语义的Web挖掘

基于语义的Web挖掘是使用从现有Web数据中抽取的语义或直接使用Web数据中已有的语义结构来帮助Web挖掘。它有效地结合了语义网和Web挖掘两个领域的研究成果,既可以通过开发新的语义结构来帮助Web挖掘,又可以利用挖掘结果促进语义网的创建。本文介绍了基于语义的Web挖掘的基本思想和研究现状,分析了语义网和Web挖掘相结合的优势,并详细论述了国际上关于利用数据挖掘技术创建语义网,利用语义挖掘Web数据和直接挖掘语义网三个方面的研究工作。     

基于本体的语义Web研究

语义Web与本体的关系极为特殊,本体在语义Web本身的体系结构中扮演着极为重要的角色,同时,位于语义Web体系结构的其它层的XML、RDF(S)等与本体也有着千丝万缕的联系。为阐述两者的关系,探讨基于本体的语义Web的特点及应用,介绍了本体和语义Web的产生和发展,在此基础上对基于本体的语义Web进行研究,重点分析了本体在描述语义方面弥补了XML、RDF(S)等的不足,并结合Web服务检索的实例介绍了本体在Web服务上的应用。     

一种基于工作流的语义Web服务组合系统设计

设计了一种基于工作流的语义Web服务组合系统框架,重点对工作流组合管理层的结构及运行原理进行了说明,对服务管理层中Web服务的注册、发布、组合和调用等实现机制进行了阐述。由此构建的系统能够自动地组合和调用Web服务。     

语义网格：语义Web与网格计算的融合

本文对近几年Web服务、语义Web及网格计算等一些新兴的技术进行了简要的回顾，并对它们的背景、特点及相互关系进行了分析，在这基础上，介绍了一种新的网格发展趋势——语义网格，对它的背景、目标、体系结构及其知识层进行了详细描述并简要总结了当前语义网格的研完现状。     

利用语义进行Web结构挖掘

本文论述了利用语义挖掘Web结构、Web使用挖掘进行了基于语义挖掘方法的探讨，并对PageRank算法进行了分析，针对该算法的不足之处进行了改进。