广东：安全为本 狠抓落实 努力推动小水电管理上新水平

近年来,围绕小水电安全管理问题,广东省相继开展了违规小水电站清理整顿、小水电站安全核查和分类定级、隐患小水电站整治、小水电站年检以及安全管理长效机制建设等工作,并取得了较好成效。全省小水电站没有因为工程问题而出现重大事故,经受住了台风暴雨的严峻考验,有效地保护了人民群众的生命财产安全。我们的主要做法是：     

小水电站防洪安全问题及对策

本文简要介绍了近些年小水电站安全度汛情况,深入分析了当前小水电站建设和管理中影响防洪安全的问题,提出了小水电站安全度汛管理的对策和建议：理顺水电站行政管理职能。规范水能资源的开发权管理;加强小型水电开发的项目管理,清理整顿“四无”水电站;严格小型水电站调度方案和防汛预案审批,加强安全度汛监管;加强上下游沟通和联系,加快流域梯级水电站防洪调度系统建设;具有蓄水功能的水电站应作为水库进行统一管理。     

浅谈小水电站的安全生产管理

螺滩水电站曾多次获得安全生产管理先进单位荣誉称号,并被吉安市安监局列为全市小水电行业的安全生产管理样板单位,总结其经验,介绍了小水电站安全生产管理应注意的事项、措施和方法.     

浅谈小型水电站大坝安全运行管理存在问题及解决对策

小型水电站广泛分布在全国1 700多个县,全国已建成小水电站47 000多座,在社会经济发展、农民脱贫致富、节能减排和应急救灾等方面发挥了重要作用。但近年来,在小水电快速发展和体制转轨过程中,不可避免会出现一些管理方面的问题,造成一些小水电站存在严重安全隐患,事故时有发生,危及人民群众的生命和财产安全。通过总结小水电大坝安全管理存在的一些问题,提出了解决对策,对指导小型水电站大坝安全管理具有重要的意义。     

淳安县小微型农村水电站安全监管实践

淳安县针对小微型农村水电站的实际情况,采取了“政府主导、企业落实、强化服务、中介支撑”相结合的管理办法,通过深入开展安全生产星级创建活动激发水电站安全管理的主观能动性,加大检查整改督促力度提高设施设备的安全性,充分发挥小水电行业协会等中介结构的优势加强服务,帮助电站完善管理体系提高管理水平等一系列做法,切实加强了小微型农村水电站的安全监管,维护了整个行业的安全稳定发展.表2 个.     

小型水电站运行管理初探

近年来,小型水电站发展较快,但整体运行管理仍存在一些问题,而小型水电站运行管理关系着企业的安全生产、经济、社会效益等.本文针对小型水电站经营、人员、安全、设备维护等管理,进行了初步探讨.     

水电站大坝安全管理的发展趋势与展望

根据我国水电站大坝安全管理的发展变化,结合水电站大坝安全管理中存在的问题,分析并提出了我国水电站大坝安全管理今后可能发展的趋势.     

浅谈小峡水电站工程的安全管理工作

针对小峡水电站工程安全生产存在的问题,从基层作业、基础设施、安全投入、管理制度、检查制度方面进行了改进和管理,取得了显著成效。     

实现无人值班(少人值守)现代化小水电站的配置要求

为了适应电力工业发展的需要,提高设备安全运行和自动化水平,改变我国小水电站管理用人多、效率低、人员综合素质低的落后局面,小水电值班方式的改革势在必行。小水电站的值班方式将逐步从多人值班向少人、无人值班方式过渡。结合我国国情提出的"无人值班"方式是多数小水电站改革要实现的主要目标,它是我国小水电站运行管理体制改革的必由之路,必将带动小水电站管理体制的改革,促进小水电站的技术进步,提高小水电站的安全经济运行管理水平,达到提高"两效"和安全、文明生产的目的。图3幅。     

水库、水电站运行数据监测系统

小水电站、水库分布广,数量多,但水电站发电装机、水库库容规模小,运行管理机构不健全,特别是农村水电站地处偏远,交通不便,安全运行管理不到位,势必影响电站发电经济效益。为了解决这个问题,浙江省泰顺县水利局工作人员经多年研     

长江中游四大家鱼发江生态水文因子分析及生态水文目标确定

基于长江中游四大家鱼发江量历次调查数据,采用宜昌站作为长江中游水文情势变化分析的控制站,基于其1900~2004年共105年的日径流资料,采用每年5~6月涨水过程数、总涨水日数、平均每次涨水过程日数等3项生态水文指标,分析了四大家鱼发江量与3项生态水文因子的变化关系,认为产卵场所处江段每年5~6月的总涨水日数是决定家鱼苗发江量多寡的一个重要环境因子。根据IHA方法,对宜昌站105年来的生态水文指标分析表明,长江宜昌站生态水文过程的改变并不明显,5~6月总涨水日数变化趋势不显著,显示长江中游影响四大家鱼苗发江量的生态流量过程改变不明显,与前人得出的葛洲坝枢纽修建后四大家鱼的产卵条件和卵苗江汛规律没有变化这一认识一致。但是,随着三峡水库的运行,下游河道的生态环境流量过程会有较大改变,本文建议三峡水库的调控以保障长江中游每年5~6月的总涨水日数维持在22.1±7.2范围内为生态水文目标,即可从生态环境流量过程方面补偿水利工程对中游四大家鱼鱼苗发江量的影响。     

Seminar on Water and Energy,Stockholm, Sweden,August 21, 2005

Abstract

In Europe the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will have major implications for water resources management. Part of the Directive requires Member States to implement a comprehensive system of controls (licences) on the allocation and abstraction (withdrawal) of surface and groundwater resources. This paper describes the development of a procedure to help assess and set abstraction licences for agricultural irrigation. The methodology is described with reference to Scotland, a country with limited abstraction control previously and where irrigation is supplemental to rainfall. The methodology combines spatial climatic information using a Geographical Information System (GIS) with data derived from a water balance computer model. The procedure enables the volumetric irrigation demand in a ‘design’ dry year for a given site to be estimated, taking into account local variations in climate, soil type, land use and irrigation practices. The approach provides a scientifically robust framework to allow the regulatory authority to assess the ‘reasonable’ water requirements of individual irrigators and hence develop allocations to satisfy the range of competing demands (e.g. agriculture, industry, and environment) on water resources. The methodology is applicable in other temperate countries where water abstraction controls are required and where appropriate datasets are available. The application of the procedure and its methodological limitations are described.     

Stakeholder-driven,enquiry-driven,or stakeholder-relevant,enquiry-driven science?

There is currently debate within the international hydrological community on whether hydrological science should give priority to providing measurements, knowledge, and understanding pre-determined as being needed by stakeholders, or priority to more basic enquiry-driven science that will stimulate the continued health and growth of hydrology as an important Earth science discipline. Two recent major international initiatives in hydrology reflect these two perspectives. One, the Hydrology for the Environment, Life, and Policy (HELP) program, is primarily fostered by UNESCO-IHP and is focused on stimulating the stakeholder-driven hydrological science required in specific catchments that have become members of a global network. The second, the decade on Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB), which is appropriately managed by IAHS, is primarily driven by scientific enquiry and is focused on creating new scientific methods and understanding, albeit with practical application ultimately in mind. This paper summarizes the nature, origins, growth, and progress of these two international programs but also describes the subtly different approach that has been adopted by the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA). NSF is a federal agency whose primary goal is to ‘enable the future’ by stimulating novel science. Because SAHRA is a federally-funded entity supported by an agency with this goal, the Center clearly cannot operate in stakeholder-driven, response mode in competition with the already effective private U.S. consultancy industry. Nonetheless, SAHRA's mission is to create knowledge and build understanding that will enhance the prospects of sustainable water management in semi-arid regions, especially the southwestern U.S. To resolve this apparent conflict, SAHRA looks ahead to future stakeholder needs and builds its research agenda around selected critical stakeholder-relevant questions that require substantial and sustained investment in basic, multidisciplinary, enquiry-driven science. This paper describes SAHRA's approach and reports on associated research and outreach activities.     

Growth,Reproduction, Mortality,Distribution, and Biomass of Freshwater Drum in Lake Erie

Predominant age-groups in the Lake Erie freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens population were 3, 4, and 5 as determined from gill net, trap net, bottom trawl, and midwater trawl samples. Age and growth calculations indicated that females grew faster than males. However, the length-weight relation did not differ between sexes and was described by the equation: log W = ?5.4383 + 3.1987 log L. Some males became sexually mature at age 2 and all were mature by age 6. Females matured 1 year later than males. Three sizes of eggs were present in ovaries; the average total number was 127,000 per female for 20 females over a length range of 270 to 478 mm. Seasonal analysis of the ovary-body weight ratio indicated that spawning extended from June to August. A total annual mortality rate of 49% for drum aged 4 through 11 was derived from catch-curve analysis. Freshwater drum were widely distributed throughout Lake Erie in 1977–1979, the greatest concentration being in the western basin. They moved into warm, shallow water (less than 10 m deep) during summer, and returned to deeper water in late fall. Summer biomass estimates for the western basin, based on systematic surveys with bottom trawls, were 9,545 t in 1977 and 2,333 t in 1978.     

水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法综述

在总结水-能源-粮食纽带关系研究中, 使用频率较高或潜力较大的 8 种水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法为: 水-能源-粮食纽带关系工具 2.0( WEF Nexus Tool 2.0) ; 生命周期评价( LCA) ; 可计算的一般均衡模型( CGE) ; 系统动力学模型( SD) ; 气候、土地、能源与水资源策略( CLEWS) ; 基于社会生态系统代谢的多尺度综合评价( MuSIASEM ) ; 市场配置/ 市场配置系统集成模型( MARKAL/ TIMES) 和水资源评价规划模型-长期能源替代规划系统 ( WEAP2LEAP) 。通过总结各研究方法的产生、发展及特性, 并引用案例讨论其适用范围, 分析其优缺点和在使用 时需要注意的问题。在此基础上, 对未来水2能源2粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的发展趋势进行讨论, 认为伴随可持 续发展问题关注度的上升与水-能源-粮食纽带关系内在机理的挖掘, 未来的水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法将 更加注重量化的精确性和数据的互通以及跨学科研究和多方法的耦合。本文可为水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的选择和更新优化提供参考。     

Survival,Growth, and Movement of Subadult Humpback Chub,Gila Cypha,in the Little Colorado River,Arizona

Ecologists estimate vital rates, such as growth and survival, to better understand population dynamics and identify sensitive life history parameters for species or populations of concern. Here, we assess spatiotemporal variation in growth, movement, density, and survival of subadult humpback chub living in the Little Colorado River, Grand Canyon, AZ from 2001–2002 and 2009–2013. We divided the Little Colorado River into three reaches and used a multistate mark‐recapture model to determine rates of movement and differences in survival and density between sites for different cohorts. Additionally, site‐specific and year‐specific effects on growth were evaluated using a linear model. Results indicate that summer growth was higher for upstream sites compared with downstream sites. In contrast, there was not a consistent spatial pattern across years in winter growth; however, river‐wide winter growth was negatively related to the duration of floods from 1 October to 15 May. Apparent survival was estimated to be lower at the most downstream site compared with the upstream sites; however, this could be because in part of increased emigration into the Colorado River at downstream sites. Furthermore, the 2010 cohort (i.e. fish that are age 1 in 2010) exhibited high apparent survival relative to other years. Movement between reaches varied with year, and some years exhibited preferential upstream displacement. Improving understanding of spatiotemporal effects on age 1 humpback chub survival can help inform current management efforts to translocate humpback chub into new locations and give us a better understanding of the factors that may limit this tributary's carrying capacity for humpback chub. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.