流延法制备SOFC NiO/YSZ阳极的研究

流延法制备了SOFC NiO/YSZ阳极,比较了NiO(微米级)和NiO(纳米级)两种NiO,发现由NiO(纳米级)制备的电池在800℃最大放电功率密度257.1mW/cm2,而由NiO(微米级)制备的电池相同条件下仅为124.9mW/cm2,原因在于NiO(纳米级)粒径小,制备的阳极三相反应区大.NiO(纳米级)经700℃煅烧后制备的电池最大功率密度增加到369.0mW/cm2,而 800℃和900℃煅烧时减少到169.5和159.0mW/cm2,因为700℃煅烧增加了NiO的活性,而800和900℃煅烧的NiO粒径增大到1.35μm,制备的阳极减小了反应活性区.YSZ在1200℃煅烧后,粒径从0.2μm增加到34μm,由于YSZ粒径远大于NiO,导致NiO之间接触不良,制备的电池性能下降到120.0mW/cm2,继续球磨12h后,YSZ粒径减小到0.70μm,NiO和YSZ之间分布均匀,制备的电池放电功率密度提高到447.9mW/cm2.     

IT-SOFC阳极制备中催化剂NiO化学浸渍法的研究

在中温固体氧化物燃料电池(IT-SOFC)阳极的制备中,采用氨水、饱和硝酸镍溶液为原料,利用化学浸渍法引入催化剂NiO制备阳极;利用本实验室制备好的致密薄膜YSZ-多孔YSZ烧结复合体在氨水中浸渍,然后放入饱和硝酸镍中负压浸渍使得两种溶液在多孔YSZ的微孔中进行反应.计算结果表明:该法一次浸渍可增重NiO 17.2％(质量分数),是普通浸渍法(用致密薄膜YSZ-多孔YSZ烧结复合体在硝酸镍溶液中浸渍,包括常压浸渍与负压浸渍)一次浸渍增重量的3倍左右.采用场发射扫瞄电子显微镜观察多孔YSZ阳极的断面,比较了普通浸渍法和化学浸渍法催化剂NiO的一次浸渍量;对比了化学浸渍和(通常使用的)直接混合引进催化剂NiO所制备的阳极中NiO颗粒的形态.研究结果表明:采用化学浸渍法引入NiO制备阳极较普通浸渍法简化了工艺且大大缩短了制备周期.利用该法制备的单电池,其电性能明显高于利用直接混合引入催化剂NiO制备阳极的单电池.700℃,H2为燃料,空气为氧化剂,前者的最大输出功率密度达0.83W/cm2,后者的最大输出功率密度仅为0.43W/cm2.     

纳米片阵列NiO锂离子电池负极材料赝电容性能研究

采用水热法和化学浴沉积法，在碳布(CC)表面构建NiO纳米片阵列(CC/NiO)。两种方法制备的NiO均为片状立方晶型的NiO,水热法制备的NiO结晶性优于化学浴法制备的NiO。将两种方法制备的CC/NiO作为锂离子电池负极材料，测试其电化学性能。发现在2 mA/cm²的电流下经过500圈的循环后，水热法制备的CC/NiO负极材料的容量高出水浴法制备的CC/NiO负极材料近22%,表现出了优异的电化学性能。其原因主要在于水热法制备的CC/NiO纳米片生长平直并且结晶性好，使得其赝电容带来的超理论容量增加，在1.0 mV/s的扫速下赝电容占总容量的贡献为80%左右。     

均匀沉淀法制备纳米氧化镍的正交实验研究

以Ni(NO3)2·6H2O和CO(NH2)2为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备了纳米氧化镍(NiO).同时,利用正交实验探讨了不同工艺参数对合成纳米NiO的影响,并得出了最佳工艺条件.实验得出的最优工艺参数为:反应温度115℃,尿素对镍盐的物质的量之比为4:1,反应时间2.5h.产品分析表明,最佳工艺条件下所制备的纳米NiO呈球形,分散性良好,纯度较高,属立方晶系结构,平均粒径约为8nm.     

超声化学沉淀法制备纳米NiO

以Ni(NO3)2·6H2O和(NH4)2C2O4·H2O为原料,采用超声沉淀法制备了纳米NiO,并利用XRD、FT-IR和TEM等分析方法对前驱体及产品组成和形貌进行了表征.结果表明,超声沉淀法制备的纳米NiO前驱体是二水合草酸镍.和实验制备的大颗粒Nio相比,纳米氧化镍Ni-O伸缩振动吸收峰及肩峰均发生了红移.纳米...     

基于沉淀转化法制备的纳米NiO混合电容器研究

运用沉淀转化法制备Ni(OH)2超微粉末,并通过热处理得到纳米NiO.利用TG、XRD、TEM、N2吸附,循环伏安和恒流充放电测试对样品进行了分析和表征.结果表明,实验制备的NiO粒径为10nm左右,比表面积达到186.3m2/g,并具有合适的孔径分布,NiO赝电容器的工作电压为0.35V,在电流密度为60mA/g时,其比容达到243F/g.以NiO和中孔活性炭分别作为正极和负极材料组装成NiO-AC混合电容器,混合电容器的工作电压达到1.5V,其能量密度为NiO赝电容器的17.2倍,并具有更好的功率特性.     

低共熔化合物辅助化学沉淀法制备NiO纳米晶体

以Ni(NO3)2和NH4HCO3为原料,用化学沉淀法制备出的前驱体,经加入低共熔混合物煅烧后,得到粒度分布均匀、分散性较好的立方相纯NiO纳米晶体,平均粒度约为25nm.考察了低共熔混合物的加入对NiO粒度和形貌的影响情况,并初步探讨了低共熔混合物在纳米NiO制备过程中的作用机理.     

无真空、低成本Mist-CVD外延制备高质量单晶NiO/Ga2O3 p-n异质结与器件(英文)

在氧化镓(Ga₂O₃)材料p型掺杂困难的背景下,Ga₂O₃ p-n异质结器件在氧化镓器件的应用中起着重要作用.因此,寻找一种高效、经济的制备方法制备Ga₂O₃异质结对器件应用具有重要意义.在这项工作中,我们成功基于低成本、无真空的雾化学气相沉积(Mist-CVD)外延制备了单晶氧化镍(NiO)和β-Ga₂O₃异质结.其中,NiO(111)和β-Ga₂O₃(-201)的XRD摇摆曲线半高宽分别为0.077°和0.807°.NiO与β-Ga₂O₃之间的能带表现为Ⅱ型异质结构.基于此异质结,我们制备了准垂直器件,器件具有明显的p-n结整流特性,反向击穿电压为117 V.本工作为β-Ga₂O₃异质p-n结的制备提供了一种低成本、高质量的方法.     

新型熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阴极的制备及其溶解性的研究

以LiNO_3和Co(NO_3)_2·6H_2O为原料,以柠檬酸为燃料,采用燃烧合成法制备了LiCoO_2包覆的多孔NiO阴极。X射线衍射技术(XRD)、X射线能量散射谱(EDAX)和电子显微镜(TEM和SEM)分析表明,NiO颗粒表面的包覆层是由尺寸小于100纳米的LiCoO_2微粒构成,并与NiO颗粒紧密烧结在一起,有效地减少了NiO与熔融碳酸盐的接触面积,降低了氧化镍的溶解度。     

PLD法制备NiO薄膜及结构和形貌的研究

利用脉冲激光沉积法(PLD)在Si衬底上制备NiO薄膜,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对所制备薄膜的晶体结构和表面形貌进行表征分析,研究衬底温度和脉冲激光能量对NiO薄膜结构和形貌的影响,得到生长质量较高、择优取向的多晶NiO薄膜的一种最佳制备条件.制备了p-NiO/n-Si异质结器件,Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性测试表明,器件具有良好的整流特性.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to     

Win-Win Cooperation

正The Chinese Premier Li Keqiang's recent trip to the UK has reinforced the China-UK comprehensive strategic partnership;just as the British Prime Minister David Cameron put it,"the relationship is gaining in strength,depth and understanding"after a bucket of business deals being inked worth more than 30 billion US dollars.From the first agreement signing in 2004 to the new agreement of mutual standards recognition and adoption in     

Systematic Approach for Emerging Industry

正A national directory of standards complexes for strategic emerging sectors was recently developed and released jointly by 12governmental departments,namely,SAC,NDRC,MOST,MIIT,MEP,MOA,AQSIQ,State Forest Administration,State Administration of Science and Technology for National Defense,State Oceanic Administration and National Railway Administration.     

Strictest Pollutants Emission Standards

正Four new national standards on air pollutant emission control offi cially issued by the Ministry of Environment Protection(MEP)together with AQSIQ and SAC has been brought into force from July 1,2014.The Emission standard for air pollutants of coal-burning,oil-burning and gasfi red boilers,which is the strictest emission standard historically,will tackle the stubborn pollution problem of boilers and waste incineration in most of China’s regions.     

Instructions to Authors

New Carbon Materials is a bimonthly journal published with the permission of the Ministry of Science and Technology and of the State News and Publication Agency.The journal is sponsored by the Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and is published by Science Press.Aims and Scope     

Progress on Standards Copyright Protection

正Recently,National Copyright Administration of China(NCAC)has rewarded 215 organizations and 179 individuals for their outstanding efforts on investigating standards copyright infringement and piracy in 2013.Hua Jianhua,the Deputy-Director of National Standards Copyright Protection Workgroup Office won a third prize of the national individual award.In 2012,SAC set up the national standards copyright protection working group,and developed policies to crack down standards infringement and piracy behaviors and to strengthen standards copyright protection.