The geometric relationship between Holland's personality typology and the Vocational Preference Inventory for blacks.

Administered Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory to 115 black undergraduates. The 1st 6 scales of the inventory were tested for correspondence to J. L. Holland's personality theory using a method recently presented by J. A. Wakefield and E. B. Doughtie (see record 1974-08049-001). The scales for the black Ss corresponded generally to Holland's model but not as well as they do for white Ss. 3 weaknesses in the correspondence between the scales of black students and Holland's model were identified. The Realistic and Intellectual scales were not as closely associated to Holland's model for blacks as for whites; the Social and Enterprising scales were not as closely associated; and the Conventional and Intellectual scales were not as closely associated as they are in Holland's model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship between the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule variables and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales.

Scores on the Edwards PPS and the MMPI were intercorrelated for a sample of 130 undergraduates (82 males, 48 females). Only five pairs of scores on the two instruments were substantially related to each other; in general, the PPS and the MMPI are fairly independent. However, "the significant and fairly substantial intercorrelations among many PPS variables suggest a reexamination of the relative independence that is claimed for the components of this inventory." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relation of the Vocational Preference Inventory to the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire.

How valid is the Holland Vocational Preference Inventory? The VPI, a short form of this inventory, and Form A of Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor test were administered via mail to 783 boys and 394 girls and the scores intercorrelated. These "generally provided positive evidence for the construct validity of the VPI and its rationale." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship of Holland's personality types to educational satisfaction with a Native-American high school population.

We examined the relation of Holland's personality typologies and satisfaction with education, using a sample of 596 Native-American high school students enrolled in eight schools in Manitoba, Canada. We used the Self-Directed Search to determine personality typologies and the Teacher Approval and Education Acceptance scales of the Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes to measure educational satisfaction. Results of analysis of variance showed that students with an Investigative or Social personality type code had significantly higher scores on educational satisfaction than students with a Realistic type code. These results are in the direction hypothesized by Holland and provide support for the generalizability of this hypothesis to a Native-American high school population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Structure of occupational interests in New Zealand and America on Holland's typology.

Compared the correlations of scores on the Campbell-Holland Interest Scale for 150 American men and women, half of whom were psychology undergraduates, and 147 New Zealand psychology undergraduates. The factor structure was shown to be similar in the 2 samples. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being.

Understanding subjective well-being (SWB) has historically been a core human endeavor and presently spans fields from management to mental health. Previous meta-analyses have indicated that personality traits are one of the best predictors. Still, these past results indicate only a moderate relationship, weaker than suggested by several lines of reasoning. This may be because of commensurability, where researchers have grouped together substantively disparate measures in their analyses. In this article, the authors review and address this problem directly, focusing on individual measures of personality (e.g., the Neuroticism-Extroversion-Openness Personality Inventory; P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1992) and categories of SWB (e.g., life satisfaction). In addition, the authors take a multivariate approach, assessing how much variance personality traits account for individually as well as together. Results indicate that different personality and SWB scales can be substantively different and that the relationship between the two is typically much larger (e.g., 4 times) than previous meta-analyses have indicated. Total SWB variance accounted for by personality can reach as high as 39% or 63% disattenuated. These results also speak to meta-analyses in general and the need to account for scale differences once a sufficient research base has been generated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Toward a typology of personality styles.

Argues for the use of personality typologies by examining the current status of nomothetic traits and providing evidence for the practical usefulness of such traits. A typology is suggested for use in clinical, educational, and industrial/organizational areas. Issues discussed include the use of prototypes in personality theory, the search for basic genotypic traits, depicting cognition on a single dimension, the concept of emotion, the conative dimension (i.e., striving and volition), and the application of these areas to practical problems using a 3-dimensional typology of personality styles. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interaction of environment and personality: A test of Holland's theory.

Tested J. L. Holland's assumption that personality variables interact with environment. The following hypotheses were investigated: (a) for males who leave engineering (n = 27) there is a personality change different from that found among those who remain in engineering (n = 25); and (b) for males who leave or remain in engineering, the personality development is different from that of males in a 2-yr college (n = 22). Analysis of Omnibus Personality Inventory scores indicates that 2 dimensions represented differences between groups: intellectual independence and practical inclination. Transfers to arts and sciences from engineering became more realistic, nonjudgmental, intellectual, liberal, and skeptical of orthodox religious beliefs. 2-yr students showed greater variability in their personality change scores and a loss in their liking for reflective and abstract thought. Results tend to support Holland's theory of vocational development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship between social desirability and internal consistency of personality scales.

3 hypotheses concerning the relationships between psychometric characteristics of 61 personality scales were tested. A measure of internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson Formula 21) was found to be positively correlated (.62) with the degree of imbalance in the social desirability keying of the scales. Internal consistency was also negatively correlated (-.46) with the proportion of neutral items in the scales. The mean probability of a keyed response to the items in a scale was positively correlated (.83) with the proportion of items keyed for socially desirable responses. These results are consistent with predictions based upon social desirability considerations. (19 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship between personality psychopathology and aggressive behavior in research volunteers.

Theorists and clinicians have long believed that personality psychopathology is a risk factor for aggressive behavior. Previous investigations in this area, however, have provided mixed results. In this study, the relationship between personality psychopathology and aggressive behavior was examined in 137 research volunteers. The influences of gender and coexisting major mental disorders were statistically controlled. Aggressive behavior was associated with criteria for 7 of the I I personality disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Except for schizoid criteria, all relationships with aggressive behavior were in the positive direction. When all personality disorders were considered simultaneously, paranoid and passive-aggressive criteria were significant predictors of aggressive behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Jungian personality typology and the recall of everyday and archetypal dreams.

Tested hypotheses concerning the relations among personality types, neuroticism, and the recall of archetypal dreams that were derived from Jungian theory. Dream records were obtained from a nonclinical population in 2 stages: first, recall of the most recent, most vivid, and earliest remembered dreams from 146 university students; and then dream recall on awakening, over an average of 23 nights, from 30 of the 1st-sample Ss. A total of 697 dreams was recorded. Ss also completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), the Myers-Briggs Personality Inventory, and a dreaming questionnaire. Dream archetypality was rated in accordance with procedures of H.Y. Kluger (see record 1975-25510-001). The distribution of archetypal dreams across 106 earliest, 105 most vivid, and 102 most recent dream types matched Kluger's earlier results. The dream diary recall data showed that Jungian intuitives, as measured via Myers-Briggs continuous scores, recalled more archetypal dreams; introverts, as measured via Myers-Briggs continuous scores, recalled more everyday dreams; high EPI neuroticism scorers recalled fewer archetypal dreams. Results support several propositions of Jungian personality theory. (49 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship between Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory scores and scores on certain scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

"The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was administered to two groups of… teachers at opposite extremes of the distribution of scores for the Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory. Differences in mean scores of the two groups on the clerical scales of the MMPI, with and without the K correction and on 'subtle' and 'obvious' items scored separately, and differences in frequencies of different codings of profiles were analyzed." Several differences on MMPI scales between teachers scoring high on the MTAI and those scoring low on the MTAI seemed to be significant. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Work Preference Inventory: Assessing intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations.

The Work Preference Inventory (WPI) is designed to assess individual differences in intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations. Both the college student and the working adult versions aim to capture the major elements of intrinsic motivation (self-determination, competence, task involvement, curiosity, enjoyment, and interest) and extrinsic motivation (concerns with competition, evaluation, recognition, money or other tangible incentives, and constraint by others). The instrument is scored on two primary scales, each subdivided into 2 secondary scales. The WPI has meaningful factor structures, adequate internal consistency, good short-term test-retest reliability, and good longer term stability. Moreover, WPI scores are related in meaningful ways to other questionnaire and behavioral measures of motivation, as well as personality characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship between personality pathology and dysfunctional cognitions in previously depressed adults.

Multivariate and univariate regression models were used to examine the relationship between Axis II personality pathology and dysfunctional cognitions in a follow-up study of 40 formerly depressed inpatients. A dimensionalized measure of overall Axis II pathology was significantly and positively related to dysfunctional attitudes (Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale [DAS]) and maladaptive negative event attributions (Attributional Style Questionnaire–Negative Composite [ASQ-N]); the Axis II measure accounted for approximately 29% of the variance in DAS and 14% of the variance in ASQ-N, after controlling statistically for subsyndromal depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]). Axis II pathology was not significantly associated with positive event attributions, and no significant Axis II?×?BDI interaction effects were observed. A secondary canonical analysis of Axis II clusters was largely consistent with a hypothesized general personality pathology factor associated with dysfunctional cognitions, though a more specific association between Axis II Cluster C pathology and dysfunctional attitudes was also observed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship between personality characteristics and postconcussion symptoms in a nonclinical sample.

Postconcussion symptoms are relatively common in the acute recovery period following mild traumatic brain injury. However, for a small subset of patients, self reported postconcussion symptoms continue long after injury. Many factors have been proposed to account for the presence of persistent postconcussion symptoms. The influence of personality traits has been proposed as one explanation. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between postconcussion-like symptom reporting and personality traits in a sample of 96 healthy participants. Participants completed the British Columbia Postconcussion Symptom Inventory and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI–III). There was a strong positive relation between the majority of MCMI–III scales and postconcussion-like symptom reporting. Approximately half of the sample met the International Classification of Diseases-10 Criterion C symptoms for Postconcussional Syndrome. Compared with those participants who did not meet this criterion, the PCS group had significant elevations on the negativistic, depression, major depression, dysthymia, anxiety, dependent, sadistic, somatic, and borderline scales of the MCMI–III. These findings support the hypothesis that personality traits can play a contributing role in self reported postconcussion symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Status of Holland's Investigative personality types and their consistency levels seven years later.

Assessed the predictability of J. L. Holland's Investigative personality type and the 3 consistency levels over a 7-yr period. A sample of 95 male Investigative Ss who completed the Self-Directed Search (SDS) as college freshmen in 1970 were sent a questionnaire 7 yrs later. The questionnaire gathered information about the Ss' educational and occupational situations including present occupation, educational status, ideal career choice, and projected career in 1982. Hypotheses concerned the predictability over a 7-yr period of (a) 1-, 2-, and 3-letter SDS codes and most recent daydream codes and (b) Holland's sign of consistency. Results indicate that for Investigative-type males, the SDS had moderately high efficiency in predicting, 7 yrs later, actual job entry, graduate major, and ideal and projected career plans. The differential predictability of Holland's 3 consistency levels was supported in 21 of the 24 tests applied. Future research is recommended on the predictiveness of other personality types and Holland's diagnostic schema. Implications for counseling and future research are indicated. (40 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Vocational Preference Inventory high point codes versus expressed choices as predictors of college major and career entry.

For 151 male bachelor's degree university graduates, expressed choices measured by preferences made as high school seniors on the American College Test Student Profile Section were significantly more accurate predictors of graduating college major and of career entry occupation than were their Vocational Preference Inventory high point codes. There was no relationship between the Vocational Preference Inventory high point codes and the expressed choices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship between student personality characteristics, teacher ratings, and student achievement.

In Study 1, 388 undergraduates (a) rated themselves on the Adjective Check List (ACL), (b) viewed a videotape that varied in instructor expressiveness and lecture content, (c) evaluated the videotaped instructor and a test on the lecture, and (d) completed the ACL for the instructor. In Study 2, 87 Ss were also exposed to 2 videotaped lectures given 1 wk apart. In Study 3, 108 Ss completed the ACL for themselves and their instructors, evaluated their instructor's teaching, and completed a test on common course material. No meaningful or consistent relationship between ratings and student personality characteristics appeared to exist. Personality characteristics of instructors were related to teacher effectiveness ratings. Ratings predicted teacher-produced achievement equally well for classes that differed in the personality characteristics of the students enrolled. Teacher effects on ratings appeared significantly greater than teacher effects on achievement. (41 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship between response style and personality variables: I. The measurements of response acquiescence.

"This study is the first in a series of investigations designed to evaluate the currently popular hypothesis that response styles are based on personality traits, and thereby have utility in personality assessment. Responses of 218 subjects in six different scales of acquiescence, varying in degree of meaningful verbal content, were intercorrelated. The results revealed that only those scales containing similar verbal content in the items were related. Apparently verbal content is quite important, whereas the amount of structure of the items is less important in determining agreement responses, than has been previously supposed. The data are interpreted as suggesting that there is no general trait of response acquiescence independent of specific instruments used to measure it." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)