PVD法304不锈钢基体表面（Ti，Cr）N和Ti／TiN涂层的磨损腐蚀行为

当坚硬的氮化物涂层应用在腐蚀性的环境下,磨损现象与腐蚀相伴发生;因此把耐腐蚀性和耐磨损性看成是两个独立的方面,它们的特性就不能代表真实降解过程,这两种现象之间的关联就变得极其重要了。通过实验室设备所做的耐磨损实验,很容易得到其电化学特性,在氯化钠溶液中,对TiN涂层（底层有钛和没有钛）和（Ti,Cr）N涂层做了不同的磨损实验。对实验结果进行了比较,并根据PVD过程的膜层织构和残余应力对不同的行为进行了解释。（Ti,Cr）N有着最佳本征耐腐蚀性的涂层,但在磨损腐蚀过程中的耐蚀层却很薄．很有可能是因为残余应力大于在TiN中的的残余应力．使得基体表面的涂层更脆且不易粘接。TiN/Ti样品在磨损腐蚀下表现最好,这主要是由于钛基体加强了涂层的连接性。由此可见,钛基层是减少TiN层残余应力的有效手段。     

1Cr13不锈钢部分滑移区和滑移区的高温微动磨损特性

采用Deltalab—Nene7型电液伺服式高温微动磨损试验机,研究了核反应堆蒸汽发生器管支撑部件材料1Cr13不锈钢从室温到400℃的微动磨损行为。通过动力学特性分析,结合显微观测．结果发现：1Cr13不锈钢的高温微动行为与微动区域特性密切相关。在滑移区内,随着温度的升高,摩擦系数与磨损降低。微动磨损机理为氧化与剥层：高温氧化效应以及氧化膜的形成随温度的升高而加剧。在微动工况下．氧化膜萌生裂纹,裂纹扩展折向表面,直至氧化膜剥落,形成磨屑。然而。在部分滑移区内,温度对微动行为影响很小。     

TiAlZr合金及其热喷涂Ni-Cr合金涂层高温微动磨损的研究

对TiAlZr合金及其热喷涂Ni—Cr合金涂层的高温微动磨损性能进行了对比研究。不同温度下的微动磨损实验结果表明：在滑移区,温度对微动磨损的影响十分显著,TiAlZr合金抗微动磨损能力随着温度上升而急剧下降,热喷涂Ni-Cr合金涂层抗高温微动磨损能力随着温度上升而增强。在400℃时,由于氧化膜快速生成的原因．热喷涂Ni-Cr合金涂层具有优异的抗高温微动磨损特性。     

D2钢电子束表面改性抗微动磨损性能研究

利用强流脉冲电子束（HCPEB）技术对D2钢进行了表面改性处理。结果表明，电子束聂击试样近表层组织结构发生了很大变化，且亚表层显微硬度明显增加。微动磨损结果显示，电子束处理可以改善D2钢抗微动磨损性能，预涂覆TiN和Cr层效果更明显。磨痕SEM分析表明，涂覆Cr层的样品微动磨损主要机制是粘着和氧化，而TiN涂层及电子束直接处理试样主要磨损机制则是表面疲劳微裂纹的扩展和断裂产生的剥落颗粒，在摩擦面造成磨粒磨损，同时也伴随轻微的粘着和氧化，其磨损机制相对比较复杂。     

1Cr17Ni4不锈钢等离子体喷涂金属涂层的摩擦磨损特性研究

研究了1Cr17Ni4马氏体型不锈钢表面等离子体喷涂FeCrA1Y、NiCrAlY2O3和NiCrAlY金属涂层的组织结构和小位移滑动的摩擦磨损特性。采用拉伸方法进一步分析了各涂层的结合强度、结果表明,在该等离子体喷涂工艺下,3种涂层摩擦系数相当,均明显低于ICr17Ni4不锈钢基材的值;Ni基涂层耐磨性能有所提高,其中NiCrAlY金属涂耐磨性能最好．但FeCrAlY涂层耐磨性能不及基体材料。3种涂层的磨损机制主要为磨粒在磨损中的塑性变形机制和疲劳磨损机制。     

预处理和溅射工艺参数对锆合金表面TiN涂层膜/基结合强度的影响

为获得高结合强度锆合金表面涂层的制备技术,采用磁控溅射法制备了TiN涂层、划痕法测试了膜/基结合强度,研究了基体预处理表面粗糙度、溅射功率、基体加热温度和基体偏压对锆合金表面TiN涂层膜/基结合强度的影响。实验制备的TiN涂层厚度在5～15 μm范围内、基体预处理表面粗糙度在（0.20±0.03） μm范围内时,溅射功率为500 W及基体加热至300 ℃时涂层均有较好的结合强度。基体偏压为-100 V时涂层在所讨论的4种基体偏压中具有最好的结合强度。结果表明,溅射工艺参数对涂层膜/基结合强度有显著影响,其中影响显著性从大到小依次为基体加热温度、基体偏压、溅射功率、基体预处理表面粗糙度。     

TiN颗粒增韧Si3N4复合材料磨损行为研究

加入TiN可改善Si3N4陶瓷的脆性，但对复合材料的耐磨性能有何影响尚不清楚，本文TiN颗粒增韧Si3N4复合材料在干摩擦条件下的磨粒磨损行为进行了研究，结果表明：磨损率随载荷和磨粒粒径的增大而增加，但磨损速度对磨损率的影响甚小，在相同的试验条件下，复合材料的磨损率高于Si3N4。Si3N4的磨损主要是磨粒对试样表面的微观犁削，其磨损极低；而30％TiN复合材料磨损表现为磨粒犁削TiN颗粒周围的Si3N4基体后，造成TiN颗粒落，随后TiN颗粒又作为磨粒对试样扩生更大的磨损。     

高速钢镀氮化碳超硬涂层及其应用研究

本文采用DC反应磁控溅射和电弧离子镀相结合的方法在高速钢上沉积氮化碳—氮化钛复合膜，经X射线衍射分析，复合膜中存在α—C3N4和β—C3N4的硬质相。复合膜的显微硬度HL=50．5—54．1GPa，它与高速钢基体的附着力，用划痕试验测得临界载荷L0=40——80N。多种刀具试用证实，该涂层具有很高的耐磨性，与末涂层和镀TiN的刀具相比，大幅度提高了刀具的耐用度。     

Al-Si共晶合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的相容性研究

用粉末冶金法制备了Al-Si共晶合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢反应堆扩散偶。采用电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱分析仪（EDS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）D究了扩散偶在560℃和650℃时的相容性及扩散层形成机理。结果表明,扩散温度对两种材料之间的相容性有显著影响;650℃时,Al-Si共晶合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti之间通过浸润和扩散反应形成了比较明显的扩散层。XRD谱也表明,扩散层中存在Fe2Al5化合物;560℃时Al-Si共晶合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti之间仅发生固相反应,形成的扩散层很薄,二者相容性较好。     

加热去氩处理工艺对离子束混合沉积的C-SiC涂层阻氢性能的影响

利用Ar＋离子束混合技术在不锈钢基体上沉积C-SiC涂层，然后对部分样品进行加热去氩处理（400℃，30min），再用5keV氢离子源辐照样品。通过扫描电镜（SEM）的表面形貌观察、二次离子质谱仪（SIMS）的H与Ar元素深度分布和正离子质谱分析，研究去氩处理对氢离子辐照的C-SiC涂层的形貌和阻氢性能的影响。结果表明，经去氩处理，样品中不锈钢基体内的氢浓度降低了80%，显示出去氩处理的C-SiC涂层具有更高的阻氢性能。研究结果将为该技术应用于不锈钢基体上C-SiC涂层制备工艺的进一步改善提供依据。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.