瑞士乳杆菌冻干保护剂的选择

研究几种高、低分子化合物对冻干瑞士乳杆菌的保护作用.以冻干后的活菌存活率和凝乳时间为考察指标,先进行单因素试验筛选出保护效果最好的4种物质甘油、葡萄糖、组氨酸和牛血清白蛋白,用这4种物质复配,进行复合保护剂正交试验.结果表明:将增菌培养基发酵液(含10%脱脂乳)与冻干保护剂溶液混合冻干,最佳保护剂配方为0.5%甘油+15.0%葡萄糖+150 mg/L组氨酸+1.5%牛血清白蛋白.加入冻干保护剂后,瑞士乳杆菌冻干后存活率可达89%.     

瑞士乳杆菌冷冻干燥保护剂的研究

本实验采用单因素试验、正交试验及均匀试验对瑞士乳杆菌在冷冻干燥过程中的保护剂进行了研究,确定了复合保护剂的组成及用量。结果表明添加保护剂后,瑞士乳杆菌的冻干存活率都有不同程度的提高,复合保护剂效果明显优于单一保护剂,以10.4%海藻糖+4.0%谷氨酸钠+11.2%脱脂乳组合的效果为最佳,冻干存活率高达86.7%。     

几种保护剂对干酪乳杆菌代田株保护作用的比较

将活化后的干酪乳杆菌代田株制成冻干发酵剂，通过对其复水后活菌数和乳酸脱氢酶的测定，比较了脱脂奶、葡萄糖、谷氨酸钠、海藻糖4种冻干保护剂对干酪乳杆菌代田株的保护效果。结果表明，10%-15%脱脂奶、10%-15%海藻糖对干酪乳杆菌代田株有较好的保护效果，在12个月的保藏期内，冻干保藏的菌种存活细胞总数保持90%以上，并且随着保护剂浓度的增加其保藏效果更好。     

罗伊氏乳杆菌冻干保护剂的优选及高密度冻干工艺优化

为提高罗伊氏乳杆菌的冻干存活率及产业化制备效率,系统解析不同种类保护剂对该菌的保护效果并优化高密度冻干工艺降低冻干体积。首先将不同分子量、不同种类的单糖(醇)、二糖(醇)、低聚糖、多糖和蛋白质分别与罗伊氏乳杆菌的菌泥混合冻干测定存活率,然后研究不同分子质量的保护剂复配,及优势保护剂复配其他类物质对菌体的冻干保护效果,最后优化冻干前菌体与保护剂的比例和菌悬液总干物质含量。结果表明,低聚糖对罗伊氏乳杆菌具有最好的冻干保护效果,分子质量大小不同的物质以不同比例复配均不会提高保护效果,谷胱甘肽、甜菜碱、氨基酸、核苷酸、无机盐、维生素等物质均未显著提高低聚糖对该菌的冻干保护效果。菌泥与低聚糖类保护剂以干重比为1∶1. 2混合时,具有最高的冻干存活率,冻干前菌悬液总干物质质量分数最高为29%时菌体存活率达90%以上。该研究结果为乳杆菌的高效冻干提供了指导。     

乳酸菌冷冻干燥保护剂的筛选

通过单因素比较和正交试验设计,确定适合保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的最佳冻干保护剂配方。通过对15种冻干保护剂单因素保护效果的比较,以及对选定的4种保护剂的正交试验结果,可以确定嗜热链球菌最佳冻干保护剂配方为脱脂乳粉12%、海藻糖1%、甘油3%、谷氨酸钠1%,保加利亚乳杆菌最佳冻干保护剂配方为脱脂乳粉8%、海藻糖1%、甘油2%、谷氨酸钠1.5%。     

保加利亚乳杆菌冷冻干燥保护剂的研究

为获得对保加利亚乳杆菌最佳的真空冷冻干燥保护剂的配方,在以10％脱脂乳为基础保护剂的情况下,采用单因素和正交试验设计,以冻干后的存活率为指标,考察了不同冻干保护剂对保加利亚乳杆菌冷冻干燥的保护效果,获得了最优的保护剂配方,即脱脂乳100 g/L,谷氨酸钠25 g/L,抗坏血酸0.5 g/L,甘油60mL/L,酵母浸粉1 g/L.使用此保护剂配方,保加利亚乳杆菌冻干后的存活率可达60.59％.     

植物乳杆菌冻干保护剂的优化及其保护机制

为优化以菊粉为主要基质的植物乳杆菌冻干保护剂配方,通过部分因素试验设计筛选保护剂成分,利用中心优化组合设计确定最佳保护剂配方,从菌体形态和细胞膜水平研究保护剂对植物乳杆菌的保护机制。试验结果表明,添加菊粉对植物乳杆菌的冻干存活率影响显著,谷氨酸钠和山梨醇能增强对植物乳杆菌的保护效果;优化后的植物乳杆菌冻干保护剂配方:菊粉22.4 g/100 m L,谷氨酸钠12.8 g/100 m L,山梨醇4.7 g/100 m L。在此条件下植物乳杆菌存活率达86.5%。扫描电镜观察结果表明,添加复合冻干保护剂的植物乳杆菌菌体饱满、完整,而未添加保护剂的空白对照有明显的变形、塌缩,细胞间有丝状物粘连。冻干后植物乳杆菌胞内蛋白有不同程度的泄漏,添加含菊粉的保护剂的菌体胞外蛋白量明显低于对照组。结论:以菊粉为主要基质的复合冻干保护剂,可减轻冻干对植物乳杆菌的损伤,其作用机制是通过保护细胞膜实现对菌体的保护。     

冷诱导胡萝卜粗提物对嗜酸乳杆菌的保护作用

为了检测冷诱导的胡萝卜蛋白质粗提物对嗜酸乳杆菌的冻干保护作用,从冷诱导的胡萝卜中制备蛋白质粗提物,设计6组冻干保护剂配方,以细菌存活率作为指标检测该粗提物的冻干保护效果;并在扫描电镜下观察冻干菌粉的形态特征。试验结果显示:冷诱导胡萝卜在12.5 ku和36 ku分子量处出现疑似抗冻蛋白条带;不同保护剂对嗜酸乳杆菌的冻干保护效应差异显著(P<0.05),添加冷诱导胡萝卜粗提物的复合保护剂冻干保护效果最优,其细菌存活率达到76.02%;最佳保护剂组配方为:10%脱脂乳,10%麦芽糊精,10%海藻糖,1.0%L-Cys,2.0%VC,2.0%甘油,0.8%硫酸锰和15%冷诱导胡萝卜粗提物。     

保加利亚乳杆菌冻干保护剂保护作用的研究

冷冻干燥前在菌液中加入保护剂,可提高乳酸菌的冻干存活率.研究比较多种保护剂的保护作用,其中海藻糖的保护效果最好;在扫描电镜下放大不同倍数观察了冻干后的保加利亚乳杆菌,并对海藻糖的保护机理进行了探讨.     

干酪乳杆菌鼠李糖亚种冻干保护剂的研究

以存活率为指标,对干酪乳杆菌鼠李糖亚种(Lactobacillus casei subsp.rhamnosus 719)的菌体进行冻干保护研究,通过优化冻干保护剂,以降低冻干过程中的细胞损伤.结果表明,7种保护剂中,保护效果由大到小依次为海藻糖、脱脂奶粉、蔗糖、甘油、可溶性淀粉、硫酸锰、抗坏血酸;复配则以质量分数10%海藻糖+10%脱脂奶粉的组合为最佳,其菌体存活率达100%,冻干菌粉活菌数达1011 g-1.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the