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单个大颗粒褐煤干燥、热解机理的研究对于褐煤提质技术的开发具有重要的理论与实际意义,可用于该过程的数值计算与优化研究.对于单个大颗粒褐煤而言,在干燥、热结过程中内部存在较大的温度、水含量及挥发分含量的梯度,所涉及到的科学问题为多孔介质传热与传质问题.文中主要针对褐煤的干燥机理、热解机理及堆积态干燥过程机理进行了详细的文献调研.  相似文献   

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为了研究微波干燥对褐煤热解特性及产物的影响,采用功率为10kW的915 MHz工业级微波辐照装置对我国典型褐煤进行了辐照干燥试验,并通过微商热重(DTG)曲线、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析,对比研究了微波辐照干燥与直接热干燥后褐煤热解动力学及热解产物组分的差异.试验结果表明:对于所研究...  相似文献   

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利用热重分析法对小龙潭劣质褐煤进行了热解实验研究.通过分析热重(TG)和微分热重(DTG)曲线得出:随着热解升温速率的提高,TG曲线向高温侧移动,产生热滞后现象,最大热解速度明显加大;随着煤粉粒度的增大,最终失重量减少;随着热解温度的升高,热解产物的生成量逐渐增加,在400~600℃之间,热解产物的生成速度最快,热解最剧烈;通过线性拟合发现该煤样的热解反应机理为三维扩散反应机理模型,并在已知反应机理函数的情况下求解出了煤样的热解反应动力学模型.  相似文献   

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利用TG-DSC联用分析稻壳与褐煤热解过程中热失重规律及吸放热情况,结果发现,稻壳的热失重率较大,共热解失重过程相当于二者单独热失重过程的叠加。通过DSC曲线分析稻壳与褐煤热解过程的吸放热量显示,与二者单独热解过程不同的是共热解在高温热分解阶段须吸收大量的热量。利用气相色谱分析不同温度下稻壳与褐煤热解气体产物各组分比例,并与热失重过程相对应分析气体产物变化规律,结果发现,H2和CH4气体组分变化规律相同;与褐煤热解相比,稻壳热解气体产物中CO气体组分较多。总体而言,共热解产物是二者单独热解产物的简单加和,但共热解过程吸放热量变化却显示二者存在热量交换和相互影响。  相似文献   

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选取一种典型的生物质样品(木屑),将木屑与褐煤分别以15∶85、30∶70、50∶50的质量比例混合.采用热重分析法,在某一特定升温速率下,对各种混合物样品进行热解实验,探讨了单独木屑与褐煤热解特性的差异以及它们共热解时对褐煤热解过程的影响.实验研究表明,木屑与褐煤的热解特性差异较大,木屑的热解温度低,热解反应速度较快,褐煤的热解温度高,热解速度相对较慢.木屑与褐煤共热解特性并不是单独褐煤和单独木屑的简单叠加,而且木屑与褐煤混合热解过程的放热量和木屑的混合比例关系较大.  相似文献   

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对褐煤热解提质系统所生产的副产热解煤气进行了简要分析,并针对褐煤热解提质系统的特点提出了四种煤气净化工艺,同时对煤气脱硫工艺进行了简要介绍,提出了煤气净化与煤气脱硫合理结合的几点建议.  相似文献   

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目前一些美国的公司正在寻找增大光电太阳能吸热板面积并降低费用的生产技术 ,以加快太阳能大规模应用的步伐。美国奥斯汀动力城近来已耗资 30 0万美元建造了第一座功率为 30 0 0kW的太阳能电站。它在尖峰负荷期间所发出的电力足够 1 0 0 0~ 2 0 0 0个家庭使用。光电池是将光能直接变成电能的半导体装置。一只典型的光电池有两层半导体材料。阳光穿透一层 ,而且光被前后反射 ,从而将其中的电子撞击出来产生电流。虽然这种光电池应用在太空站及卫星上面已经很久了 ,然而 ,将这一技术有效的用于地球上则太昂贵。每度电价最初高达 1 0 0 0美…  相似文献   

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综述了国外有关褐煤气化影响因素的试验研究成果,并对各种影响因素进行了分析,提出了促进褐煤气化的一些建设性意见。  相似文献   

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将固定床程序热解装置与Hg~0在线分析系统耦合,考察了热解条件对XLT褐煤热解过程中汞的析出规律和形态分布的影响.结果表明,在热解温度为800℃时,XLT褐煤中汞的释放率均达到92%以上,载气流量和粒径大小对煤中汞的释放几乎无影响.热解温度是影响煤热解过程汞释放的主要因素,Hg~0是热解气中气态汞的主要存在形态.随着热解温度的提高,汞释放率的增加幅度逐渐变缓,元素汞在气态汞中的比例稳定在90%以上.在热解终温为500℃时,停留时间对汞释放率的影响主要体现在0~20 min,对气态汞的形态分布影响不大;较高的升温速率使煤中汞的释放产生滞后现象,却能促进煤中汞的释放,提高Hg~(2+)在气态汞中的比例;快速热解可以提高挥发分释放速率,从而提高汞的释放率和Hg~(2+)含量,同时有效地改善热解半焦的孔隙结构;热解气氛中引入少量氧气能够有效降低含汞化合物的分解温度,减弱还原气体对Hg~(2+)的还原性,从而提高汞的释放率和Hg~(2+)含量.  相似文献   

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An in situ pyrolysis reactor combined with the Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer (PFTIR) technique is employed to study the coal structure and its thermal decomposition behaviors. The interface of pyroprobe with FTIR was designed delicately to ensure the path of the laser beam in FTIR was just 3 mm above the coal sample, so any detection information of products from coal pyrolysis would be acquired previous to the secondary reaction. The PFTIR technique can be adopted to determine the activation energy of coal pyrolysis. Lignite coal has been used to evaluate this new method. The thermal decomposition behaviors of functional groups from lignite pyrolysis coincide with the first-order reaction.  相似文献   

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天然气与煤共转化技术是一种新的合成气工艺。利用热天平比较研究了在甲烷气氛和氮气气氛下褐煤的热失重规律,研究发现在350℃~650℃之间,甲烷气氛下煤热解的失重速率要高于氮气气氛下的失重速率,表明由于甲烷的存在促进了煤的热解。通过不同甲烷浓度下常压固定床褐煤的热解气相产物分析表明,甲烷的存在不仅使煤的热解发生变化,而且甲烷浓度的变化对碳氢组分的析出规律也有较大影响,C2、C3、C4的析出在400℃~500℃温度区间内最为强烈,而随着甲烷浓度的增大,轻质烃的析出浓度基本呈上升趋势。  相似文献   

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The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of two distinct microalgae species during solar catalytic pyrolysis and the influence of their chemical composition and the process variables (biomass charge, reaction time, and catalyst percentage) on the product yields and bio-oil composition. For this purpose, solar catalytic pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was performed using hydrotalcite-derived mixed oxides as the catalyst. To gain more insight into the effect of composition on pyrolysis behavior, the biomasses were analyzed using various analytical techniques. The results indicated that a high percentage of catalyst (47.1%) culminated in liquid yields of 42.48% and 21.31% for Chlamydomonas pyrolysis and Spirulina pyrolysis, respectively. Additionally, Spirulina pyrolysis resulted in higher solid yields compared with Chlamydomonas pyrolysis. The results also showed that Spirulina bio-oil was rich in oxygenated compounds, probably due to its high carbohydrate content, whereas Chlamydomonas bio-oil was rich in nitrogenated compounds because of its higher protein content. The microalgae composition (lipids, protein, carbohydrates) exerted a large influence on the catalytic pathways and led to differences in yield and product distribution. A high percentage of catalysts preferentially promoted a deoxygenation of the bio-oil obtained from Spirulina solar pyrolysis compared with that obtained from Chlamydomonas pyrolysis.  相似文献   

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With the increasingly serious global climate and energy problems, hybrid renewable energy systems have been widely developed. Sustainability of a pilot hybrid solar-pyrolysis energy system (HSPES) was evaluated using emergy analysis. The total emergy input of the system was 6.90E+15 sej/yr, and it was greatly dependent on the renewable resources from external environment. Suitable emergy indices such as unit emergy value, renewability, emergy yield ratio, environmental load rate, and emergy sustainability index, were introduced and analyzed in detail, with values of 7.45E+04 sej/J, 63.51%, 1.00, 0.57, and 1.74, respectively. The results showed that the system was more dependent on renewable resources, had less impact on the environment, and had relatively good sustainability, but the utilization of local resources was quite low. However, this system was relatively weak in the exploitation and utilization of local resources. On the basis of life cycle assessment and emergy analysis, the Pollutant Degradation Emergy (PDE) result of the system was 2.77E+14 sej/yr. There was no significant difference between the emergy indices results based on PDE and its original value, the pollutants emissions of the system did not show a significant impact on the results of selected emergy indices, and the impact of system pollutants on the environment was relatively weak.  相似文献   

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As coals are fast depleting, suitable means of substituting coal need to be explored. In this work, a feasibility study of co-firing lignite with char was investigated. Some locally abundant biomass were slow pyrolyzed. The pyrolyzed chars were characterized and their fuel properties were compared with that of Neyveli lignite. The study indicated that the heating value of chars (except rice husk char) were higher than Neyveli lignite. The study also revealed that the properties of chars were on superior to Neyveli lignite and can be substituted to Neyveli lignite.  相似文献   

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Ammonia is considered a sustainable energy storage medium with zero carbon content. In this work, thermal catalytic cracking of liquefied natural gas (LNG) at elevated temperatures employing concentrated solar tower is considered to produce clean hydrogen (CO2-free) and studied in terms of life cycle emissions. The generated hydrogen is utilized for clean ammonia synthesis in a Haber-Bosch reactor. The proposed system is initially assessed from a thermodynamic perspective, considering energy and exergy analyses emphasizing optimization of operating conditions. Then, the proposed system's life cycle assessment (LCA) is performed to analyze ammonia synthesis's environmental impacts. The aggregate environmental impact of the proposed system is quantified and compared with conventional production processes. Through the utilization of solar energy resources, ammonia production can be attained, avoiding high harmful emissions. The LCA study is carried out in GaBi software, and the selected impact assessment methodology is ReCiPe. The impact categories studied in this work are global warming potential (GWP), terrestrial acidification, human toxicity, and particulate matter formation potential. Considering 30 years of use phase and allocation, the predicted GWP is approximately 0.616 kg CO2 (eq.)/kg NH3, showing the potential to reduce up to 69.2% of the GWP compared to the global average value. Concerning human toxicity and fine particulate matter formation impact categories, the system produces about 3.32E-2 kg 1,4-DB (eq.) and 5.96E-4 kg PM2.5 (eq.), respectively, per kg NH3. The results are further analyzed by dominance, break-even, and variation analyses in detail.  相似文献   

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Lignite oxidation would produce benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs), however, the coexisting aliphatic acids in the resulting oxidation products seriously affect the separation of BPCAs. In the study, Shengli lignite was pre-pyrolyzed at different temperatures from 250°C to 550°C, and then the obtained pyrolyzed residues were subjected to oxidation under the same condition. Oxidation reactivity of pyrolyzed residues decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. However, compared with Shengli lignite, its pyrolyzed residues at proper temperatures (250°C and 350°C) generated more BPCAs, especially mellitic acid with more yield and relative content. By XRD analyses of the pyrolyzed residues, more condensed aromatic structures would result in decreasing oxidation reaction activity of the pyrolyzed residues, while more amounts of aromatic species and larger aromatic unit would contribute to the increase of BPCAs and mellitic acid, respectively.  相似文献   

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利用热重分析法对炼化废液与褐煤混合物的共热解特性和组分间相互作用进行研究。在升温速率30℃/min条件下,利用Coats-Redfern法求解不同掺混比例的废液固形物与褐煤混合物的热解动力学参数。废液固形物及其与褐煤混合物热解过程可分为三个阶段,而褐煤为两个阶段。随着废液固形物掺混比例的增加,混合物反应活性逐渐升高,TG曲线向低温区偏移且失重程度加剧,挥发分初析温度(t_s)、热解峰温度(t_p)、热解终止温度(t_f)及残留物含量(M_r)减小,最大失重速率(-v_p)、平均失重速率(-v_v)和挥发分综合释放特性指数(D)显著增大。废液固形物与褐煤在共热解过程中存在着一定的相互抑制作用。动力学分析结果表明,热解过程的各个阶段均可用级数反应模型来描述,活化能随温度升高而增大。  相似文献   

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