基于差分进化的布谷鸟搜索算法

针对基本布谷鸟搜索算法局部搜索能力弱、寻优精度低等不足,提出了一种具有差分进化策略的改进布谷鸟搜索算法。该算法是在种群进入下一次迭代之前在其个体上增加两个带权的差来实现个体变异,再对其进行交叉、选择操作得到最优个体,使缺乏变异机制的布谷鸟搜索算法具有变异能力,从而提高布谷鸟搜索算法的多样性,避免种群个体陷入局部最优,增强算法全局寻优能力。对几种经典测试函数和1个典型应用实例进行测试,仿真实验结果表明,新算法具有更好的全局搜索能力,在收敛精度、收敛速度以及寻优成功率等性能上显著优于基本布谷鸟搜索算法。     

基于Powell局部搜索策略的全局优化布谷鸟算法

为了解决布谷鸟搜索算法后期收敛速度慢、求解精度不高、易陷入局部最优等缺陷,提出了一种基于Powell局部搜索策略的全局优化布谷鸟搜索算法.算法将布谷鸟全局搜索能力与Powell方法的局部寻优性能有机地结合,并根据适应度值逐步构建精英种群候选解池在迭代后期牵引Powell搜索的局部优化,在保证求解速度、尽可能找到全局极值点的同时提高算法的求解精度.对52个典型测试函数实验结果表明,该算法相比于传统的布谷鸟搜索算法不仅寻优精度和寻优率有所提高,并且适应能力强、鲁棒性好,与最新提出的其他改进算法相比也具有一定的竞争优势.     

改进的布谷鸟搜索算法及其在多效蒸发优化中的应用

为了全面提升布谷鸟搜索算法(CS)的性能,提出了一种改进的布谷鸟搜索算法(MCS)。MCS算法采用了能大幅提高局部搜索能力的局部搜索策略、能使步长控制因子随算法进程由大到小自适应变化的自适应策略和能加强布谷鸟个体间信息交流的学习策略。2个标准测试函数被用于检验算法的性能,性能测试结果及对比试验表明,MCS算法在继承了CS算法强大的全局寻优能力的同时,具有更快的收敛速度、更高的收敛精度和更好的鲁棒性。最后,将MCS算法应用于求解多效蒸发系统的优化设计问题,优化效果显著。     

单纯形法的布谷鸟搜索算法及其在约束优化问题中的应用

为求解约束优化问题,针对布谷鸟搜索算法(CS)后期收敛速度慢,求解精度不高等不足,利用单纯形法局部搜索能力强的特点,提出了基于单纯形法的布谷鸟搜索算法(SMCS)。算法首先用CS算法进行全局搜索,再用单纯形法进行局部搜索。10个标准测试函数的实验结果表明,SMCS算法相对于CS算法有更强的寻优能力,再将算法用于求解减速器设计、伸缩绳设计、焊接条设计等约束优化问题。实验结果表明,CS算法和SMCS算法均能求出比其他文献更优的解,且SMCS算法求出的解更优、稳定性更强。     

一种求解动态优化问题的免疫文化基因算法

针对传统免疫网络动态优化算法局部寻优能力弱、寻优精度低及易早熟收敛的缺点,提出一种求解动态优化问题的免疫文化基因算法。基于文化基因算法基本框架,将人工免疫网络算法作为全局搜索算法,采用禁忌搜索算法作为局部搜索算子;同时引入柯西变异加强算法的全局搜索能力,并有效防止早熟收敛。通过对经典动态优化函数测试集在相同条件下的实验表明,该免疫文化基因算法相较于其他同类算法具有较好的搜索精度和收敛速度。     

多阶段动态扰动和动态惯性权重的布谷鸟算法

针对布谷鸟仿生智能优化算法存在着的易陷入局部最优、求解精度低以及收敛速度慢等问题,提出了基于多阶段动态扰动和动态惯性权重的布谷鸟搜索算法（MACS）。利用多阶段动态扰动策略对布谷鸟算法的全局位置的最优鸟巢位置根据方差可调的正态随机分布进行扰动,有利于增加种群的多样性和鸟窝位置的灵活性,提高算法全局搜索能力。在局部位置处引入动态惯性权重,使得算法有效克服易陷入局部最优的缺陷,提高局部寻优搜索能力。引入了动态切换概率[p]代替固定概率,可以动态平衡全局搜索和局部搜索。通过与4种算法相比和11个测试函数的仿真结果表明：改进布谷鸟算法（MACS）的寻优性能明显提高,收敛速度更快,求解精度更高,具有更强的全局搜索能力和跳出局部最优能力。     

一种自适应步长布谷鸟搜索算法

针对布谷鸟搜索算法（CS）后期收敛速度慢、计算精度不高等不足,提出了一种自适应步长调整布谷鸟搜索算法,加快布谷鸟搜索算法的搜索速度,提高其计算精度。通过8个标准测试函数测试的结果表明,改进后的自适应步长布谷鸟搜索算法具有较快的收敛速度和较高的寻优精度。     

基于自适应布谷鸟算法的摄像机标定方法研究

该文将自适应布谷鸟算法应用于摄像机标定中,解决传统摄像机标定算法参数多、计算量大等问题。通过对参数进行布谷鸟算法优化,解决群个体陷入局部最优的问题,增强算法全局寻优能力,从而提高布谷鸟算法的多样性。实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的全局搜索能力和避免局部最优的能力,可以准确地完成摄像机标定,在收敛精度、速度以及鲁棒性等性能上显著优于遗传算法、差分进化算法、基本布谷鸟搜索算法。     

自适应布谷鸟搜索算法

为了使布谷鸟搜索算法(Cuckoo Search,CS)在保持强大的全局搜索能力的同时,尽可能地提高局部搜索能力,在深入分析CS算法机理的基础上,将CS算法中影响布谷鸟搜索路径步长的参数β和布谷鸟蛋被发现(淘汰)的概率p_a由固定值改为随搜索过程自适应变化的动态参数,将越界的鸟窝折返回边界内、在当前代最优鸟窝附近的区域随机建立1个新的鸟窝、而非折返回边界上重新建立鸟窝,以提高算法的局部搜索能力和收敛速度。改进后的CS算法称为自适应布谷鸟搜索算法(Adaptive Cuckoo Search,ACS)。通过8个标准测试函数分别测试了CS算法和ACS算法的性能,结果表明,无论是简单的单峰函数还是复杂的多峰函数,无论是小型的低维函数还是大型的高维函数,ACS算法的寻优性能均超过CS算法。     

求解无约束优化问题的改进布谷鸟搜索算法

布谷鸟搜索算法是一种基于种群迭代搜索的全局优化算法。为求解无约束优化问题,提出一种改进的布谷鸟搜索算法。利用混沌序列构造初始种群以增加群体的多样性,引入动态随机局部搜索技术对当前最优解进行局部搜索,以加快算法的收敛速度。对4个标准测试函数进行仿真实验,并与其他6种算法进行比较,结果表明,该算法具有较强的全局搜索能力和较快的收敛速度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.