镁合金汽车轮毂低压铸造数值模拟

为了预测镁合金轮毂低压铸造过程中可能产生的缺陷,利用三维建模软件对镁合金轮毂进行数值建模并通过Procast模拟软件对镁合金轮毂的充型和凝固过程进行模拟分析.由于加压速度的快慢,对铸件充型的平稳性有很大影响,并且热节及孤立熔池部位极易产生缩孔缩松缺陷,因此对镁合金轮毂铸造过程的如压速度及温度场、流场进行研究.研究结果表明,通过降低加压速度能够很大限度地减少在浇注过程中所产生的气孔和缩孔缩松及氧化夹杂缺陷,对于轮辐处产生的热节,可以对该部位进行激冷处理,使其优先凝固,进而改善了铸件的质量.     

压铸镁合金摩托车轮毂缺陷分析及工艺改进措施

对压铸镁合金摩托车轮毂内部缺陷进行了实验观察,并用计算机模拟方法分析了轮毂工艺过程及缺陷形成。研究表明:轮毂的工艺缺陷主要为缩孔、缩松以及凝固过程中收缩导致的裂纹缺陷,主要分布在轮辋、辐条交汇的热节部位。提出了工艺改进措施和缺陷防止方法,经数值模拟和实际生产验证,改进后的工艺完全解决了轮毂缺陷问题。     

压铸铝合金汽车油底壳缺陷分析与工艺改进

通过对发动机铝合金油底壳压铸缺陷的分析,引入模流分析技术改进浇注系统设计,采用超点冷技术处理螺孔缩松问题,利用端面打点技术处理气孔问题,有效地解决了产品的裂纹、缩孔、缩松、气孔缺陷,使产品的压铸合格率由70％提升到95％,工艺改进获得成功.     

压铸镁合金摩托车轮毂收缩缺陷的分析及防止

通过检测和数字仿真技术分析了镁合金摩托车轮毂压铸件缩松、缩孔区域形成的机理.结果表明,裂纹是铸件凝固时的热节部位得不到合金液的补缩而形成缩松所引起的;轮心处的缩孔是由于分流锥尺寸过长,使轮心局部未在压力下凝固而形成的,并探讨了防止和消除收缩缺陷的措施.     

头部链轮体的铸造工艺设计与计算机模拟

应用ViewCast软件对头部链轮体铸件进行充型及凝固过程模拟,预测到在铸件的轮缘和轮毂处易产生缩孔,缩松等铸造缺陷.通过对铸件结构分析.采取放置冒口和冷铁的工艺措施,消除了缩孔、缩松等缺陷.     

镁合金摩托车轮毂压铸技术的开发与研究

运用抽真空和局部补压技术对镁合金摩托车后轮毂(简称镁轮毂)进行压铸。模具采用辋缘切向进浇,中心集渣设计,有效解决了轮毂夹杂与热节缩孔(松)。抽真空系统的设计与应用避免了镁合金出现氧化、卷气问题,使模具型腔真空度可达2.9kPa。局部补压设计解决了轮芯厚大部位凝固时镁液补缩不足产生的缩孔问题。同时对镁轮毂制程中易出现的冷隔、缩孔、开裂、夹渣、变形等缺陷进行了分析,提出了改善方案。实践证明,真空辅助高压铸造加局部补压能获得外轮廓清晰、尺寸合格、符合摩托车轮毂安全性能要求的产品。     

镁合金汽车座椅骨架浇注系统的设计优化

采用有限元数值模拟技术,对镁合金坐椅骨架压铸件充型过程、凝固过程进行仿真分析,预测了压铸件可能出现缺陷的位置,提出了浇注系统的优化设计方案.对比优化前后工艺方案表明,优化后的浇注系统使镁合金压铸过程中的卷气及缩孔缩松倾向明显减小,压铸件的品质得到提高,从而有效改善了传统压铸工艺和模具设计的潜在风险,缩短了生产周期.     

薄壁镁合金件压铸工艺优化

针对镁合金特殊的凝固特性,借助AnyCasting软件,对镁合金笔记本外壳充型凝固过程进行数值模拟。分析压铸过程中金属液的流动过程,以及造成卷气和缩孔、缩松的原因。通过采取降低浇注温度、提高快压射速度的方法,充型过程中的回流行为得到一定程度的改善,但缩孔、缩松没有明显减少。通过在凝固过程中对压铸件施加压力,促进金属液凝固,缩孔、缩松缺陷明显减少。     

复杂壳体类镁合金压铸件凝固过程工艺优化

针对复杂壳体类镁合金压铸件,进行了浇注系统和工艺参数设计,运用AnyCasting软件对其凝固过程进行了数值模拟,预测了压铸件中可能出现缩孔、缩松的部位。在厚大部位增加溢流槽的数量和体积、降低浇注温度和模具温度,由于其补缩能力有限,以致缩孔、缩松等缺陷降低不明显;而在厚大部位设置内浇道,改变厚大部位的凝固顺序和增加对厚大部位的补缩,缩孔、缩松明等缺陷明显减少。     

模式识别的汽车轮毂铸件缺陷检测技术研究

为了实现汽车轮毂质量检测的自动化,提高传统基于X射线图像的轮毂缺陷检测的可靠性和稳定性,通过轮毂铸件缺陷图像特征分析,提出一种基于改进模糊模式分类的轮毂缺陷自动识别算法,能够对轮毂缺陷进行分类和等级评定。结果表明,该系统无需参照物和预处理过程,能够对常见4种类型(气孔、缩孔、缩松和夹杂)的轮毂缺陷进行检测,且计算速度快、鲁棒性和准确率较高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。