利用超纯煤研制高品质活性炭

介绍了超纯煤制活性炭的试验工艺、条件以及活化温度、活化得率、配煤等对活性炭指标的影响，并对超纯煤制活性炭的特性作了详尽阐述。     

太西超纯煤制备活性炭试验研究

对以太西无烟煤为原料生产的太西超纯煤制备活性炭性能进行了试验研究, 结果表明, 以太西无烟煤为原料可制得亚甲兰大于２４０ ｍｇ／ｇ 的低灰优质活性炭产品。     

阳泉无烟煤制备活性炭试验研究

选用阳泉矿区的3种无烟煤为原料，通过调整工艺参数，在实验室研制出具有较高吸附性能的煤质活性炭产品。试验结果表明，阳泉无烟是生产活性炭的优质原料煤，所制备的活性炭具有较高的吸附性能，各项主要指标达到中国目前出口活性炭的质量标准。     

超纯煤制备意义及制备方法简介

阐述超纯煤在代油水煤浆和煤基材料制备上的意义,介绍了超纯煤的几种制备方法,分析了超纯煤制备技术上的发展方向。     

煤聚团分选过程影响因素和机理研究进展

近年来,基于超纯煤具有高的附加值和优异的性能,作为煤基材料取得广泛关注。为了获得优质的超纯煤,寻求一种经济环保的制备工艺。从超纯煤作为燃料、原料、煤基材料3个方面介绍了其潜在价值。制备超纯煤方法大体上可分为化学法和物理法。由于化学法在制备超纯煤过程中酸碱腐蚀设备,能耗高,并且对煤基结构造成破坏,所以采用经济又环保的选择性聚团法制备超纯煤具有重要意义。选择性聚团法对煤炭中灰分的脱除具有良好的效果,是物理法中制备超纯煤最具有应用前景的方法。精煤灰分和产率是限制该技术发展的关键问题,为了降低精煤灰分和提高产率,综述了选择性聚团在煤炭脱灰过程中的主要影响因素,分析了煤变质程度、粒径、浆液pH值、浆液浓度、搅拌强度和搅拌时间、电解质、分散剂、助剂、乳化油和桥联液等因素对灰分和产率的影响。主要总结了各因素变化对精煤灰分和产率的变化规律。其中煤变质程度、粒径、搅拌强度和桥联液对分选效果影响较大。结果表明,煤变质程度越高,超纯煤的灰分越低。粒径小有利于矿物质与煤机质充分解离,葵花油和豆油为桥联液对高阶煤团聚有效,蓖麻油对低阶煤团聚表现出较强效果,尤其是高灰分煤。向桥联液中加入助剂(甲醇和月桂醇),团聚体减少,灰分降低。讨论了煤聚团过程的作用热力学机理和动力学模型。     

原料煤对活性炭孔隙结构的影响机理

以三种较高变质程度的煤为原料，采用炭化、水蒸气活化制备活性炭样品，并进行了工业性试验；表征了活性炭的孔结构以及碘值、亚甲蓝值等性能，研究了原料煤对活性炭产品孔隙结构的影响。经实验室试验与工业化试生产发现，原料煤变质程度不同，制取的活性炭孔结构也各异，其关系为：原煤孔隙越发达，孔径分布范围越宽，平均孔径越大，越有利于活性炭中孔结构的发育。该结论可为不同用途的活性炭产品的工业化生产提供指导意义。     

大同煤制备饮用水深度净化专用活性炭试验研究

以大同地区两个代表性矿区煤样为原料,通过加入特殊添加剂的方式,采用压块活性炭制备工艺,得到了性能优良的饮用水深度净化专用活性炭产品,并重点考察了活化时间对产品强度、装填密度、亚甲蓝吸附值和碘吸附值等性能的影响。结果表明:两种原料煤制得活性炭的强度最低分别为95.2%和95.6%,装填密度最低为490 g/L和498 g/L,亚甲蓝吸附值最高均为240 mg/g,碘吸附值最高值达到1100 mg/g以上,均优于现有普通活性炭。通过对比两种原料煤制得活性炭产品的孔结构,说明2号原料煤制得的活性炭产品具有更发达的孔隙结构,其比表面积和孔容分别比1号煤制得产品高出74 m2/g和0.03 mL/g。因此,2号原料煤是制备饮用水深度净化专用活性炭的合适原料煤。     

不同变质程度的煤制活性炭孔隙结构分析

在Autosorb—lC全自动物理化学吸附仪上使用N2和CO2对宁夏太西、山西大同和内蒙古准格尔3种不同变质程度的煤为原料制备的活性炭进行孔隙结构分析,用BET方程处理N2等温吸附数据,计算比表面积;用DFT法处理CO2等温吸附数据,进行微孔分析：用BJH法计算中孔孔径分布。从得出的结果可以看出,随着原料煤变质程度的加深,所制备的活性炭微孔和比表面积增大,超微孔、中孔体积变小,平均孔径变窄。分析结果表明。原料煤的性质是影响活性炭孔隙结构的主要因素。     

超纯煤制备中化学脱灰副产品的回收

本文介绍了超纯煤制备的后续－－超纯煤制备废流中化学副产品的回收和利用方面的成果，作者从化学脱灰废液中回收了过剩碱及硅胶，钠盐，铝盐等副产品，并对回收过程作了简要经济分析。     

煤基炭素活性材料的研究进展

对煤基活性炭，煤基活性炭纤维，煤基纳米结构材料等煤基活性炭素材料在制备方面的进展进行了评述，在此基础上提出了煤基超级活性炭，煤沥青基活性炭纤维和煤基纳米结构材料是开发煤基高附加值产品，拓展煤层甲烷和煤气化产品中烃组分新用途的有潜力的方向。     

Low-temperature oxidation of Victorian brown coal

A study has been made of low-temperature oxidation of Victorian brown coal at 35 °C and oxygen pressure of 0.1 M Pa and regression analysis of the experimental results shows that the reaction can best be described by the continuous reaction model. The reaction is subject to reaction product inhibition, apparently caused by product adsorption. Progressive conversion is obtained through a series of cycles consisting of a reaction step followed by evacuation of the coal. The rate equation developed from the continuous reaction model describes satisfactorily the progress of the reaction in each of these cycles. A study of earlier findings on the nature of Victorian brown coal oxidation products indicates that the product water may be significant in this reaction inhibition.     

Non-aqueous enzymatic solubilization of coal-derived materials

The utilization of enzymes in non-aqueous solvents was explored for the conversion of coal-derived materials to oil-soluble derivatives for use as fuels. A novel three-step process was developed:

1. (1) an initial low-severity conversion to a form that is soluble or dispersible in a polar solvent;

2. (2) formation of an alcohol substrate with a high activity for subsequent enzymatic processing;

3. (3) lipase-catalysed transesterification to a product that is soluble in hydrocarbon solvents.

The process was successful for the conversion of a first-stage liquefaction product from Wyodak subbituminous coal to an acylated product, about half of which is soluble in hexane and the remainder in toluene. Coals, humic acids and several other higher-molecular-weight coal liquefaction products, such as Chemcoal, and their derivatives inhibited the lipases, and thus the alcohol intermediates from these precursors were converted in 0–5% yields to acylated products.     

由煤制取芳烃化合物的研究进展

综述了国内外由煤制取芳烃化合物的三种思路：一是通过将煤直接进行液化获取,或者先将煤液化再从产物中获得芳烃化合物;二是先对煤进行溶剂抽提,然后对产物分类加工制取芳烃化合物;三是将煤进行氧化处理来获得高价值的芳烃化合物。分析了由煤制取芳烃化合物的所面临的产物分离困难、污染环境等问题,并指出了今后需要在分离工艺和催化剂以及如何实现煤的定向转化等方面进行重点研究。     

Investigation of the relationship between coal maturity and aromaticity: Characteristics of sodium dichromate oxidation products of Australian vitrinite concentrates

The nature of the sodium dichromate oxidation products of a suite of 15 Australian vitrinite concentrates has been considered in an investigation of the relationship between aromaticity and coal maturation. For this purpose, two numerical characteristics, Δ(H/C) and potential homocyclic aromatic condensation index (PHAC), were developed to describe the oxidation products, which enabled relationships with commonly used indicators of coal maturation to be discerned by using simple statistical techniques. Δ(H/C) is the difference between the H/C ratios of a sample and the unaltered structures in its oxidation product. The PHAC index is the proportion of molecules in an oxidation product with vicinal carboxylic acid groups, which could have been formed by the partial oxidation of some of the rings of polynuclear aromatic structures. The closest associations found were between Δ(H/C) and H/C and fixed carbon, with lower correlations between the PHAC index and the maturity indicators. These relationships support the hypothesis that virtually all polynuclear aromatic structures in Australian coals can be degraded by sodium dichromate and that those parts of coal molecules completely degraded by sodium dichromate have much in common, structurally, with those parts volatilized during pyrolysis.     

地下煤气化技术的发展与应用

深层煤炭储量巨大,但由于高水压、高地应力、高瓦斯与高地温等原因严重地影响这部分煤炭资源的开发和利用。为此,新的煤炭利用技术的探讨和试验凸显出其重要性和意义。文章通过对地下煤气化技术(UCG技术)的优势、经济性评价、实际产品应用的分析和总结,得出煤炭地下气化技术具有较好的经济效益和环境效益,是我国洁净煤技术的重要研究和发展方向。     

Characterization of the intermediate product of coal solubilization by Penicillium simplicissimum

Penicillium simplicissimum has previously been shown to solubilize pre-oxidized alkali-extracted sub-bituminous coal. The product of solubilization, a soluble acid-precipitable coal polymer, was isolated and characterized. The effects of oxidation pretreatments on the ability to solubilize coal were also examined. The intermediate product, which comprised 30% of the original coal, was readily recovered from the growth medium by acid precipitation and possibly consisted of a heterogeneous mixture of high-molecular-weight compounds of approximately 2·7 × 10⁴ molecular weight. Further characterization by elemental analyses revealed that the bioproduct was enriched in inorganic materials, oxygen, nitrogen but lower in carbon, hydrogen and sulphur when compared with the original coal. A 14% loss of carbon atoms occurred during the biodegradation. The product had a featureless visible light spectrum and a shoulder in the ultraviolet range at 290 nm. Infrared analyses showed a decrease in aromatic carbons, methylenic bonds and etheric oxygen. Experimental results suggested that solubilization changes appear to be largely oxidative and may involve cleavage of intermonomeric linkages in coal.     

Relation between coal properties and acetylene yield in plasma pyrolysis

If coal is injected into hydrogen plasma generated by arc discharge the volatiles are released within a few milliseconds and form acetylene as the main product by reaction with the plasma. Experiments with different coals indicate that the yield of acetylene is determined not only by the amount of volatiles but depends also on their composition. Oxygen compounds in the coal and, in some cases, even the oxygen content of the mineral matter decrease the acetylene yield.     

Coal liquefaction using ore catalysts

Ores and ore concentrates containing minerals of Co, Mo, Ni, Fe, and other potentially active metals have been investigated as slurry catalysts for liquefaction of Blacksville mine, Pittsburgh seam, bituminous coal. The tests were conducted batchwise in a stirred autoclave for 30 min at 425°C and 13.79 MPa (2000 psig) hydrogen pressure according to a two-cycle scheme. In the first cycle, the reaction charge consisted of ground coal, catalyst, hydrogen, and SRC-II heavy distillate. The product of the first cycle was hot-filtered, and the liquid product served as a vehicle for the second cycle, which was otherwise run identically to the first. Reaction products from each cycle were analysed to determine conversion of coal, yield of liquids, liquid product viscosity, and group type (preasphaltene, asphaltene, and oil). Mixtures of ores containing iron pyrites and minerals containing other catalytically active transition metals were compared to pyrites alone and to a pulverized supported Co-Mo-alumina catalyst. An ore catalyst containing both Fe and Ni was superior to another that contained an equivalent mass of iron alone. The best ore catalysts tested, in terms of high liquid yields and low product viscosities, were mixtures of pyrites and molybdenum- and cobalt-containing ores. The latter yielded results that approached those obtained with an equivalent mass of cobalt and molybdenum on an alumina support.     

低温煤热解焦油产率和品质影响因素研究

煤焦油是低温煤热解技术的主要产物,是重要的化工原料,其产率和品质是评价煤热解工艺的重要指标。从原煤性质(煤种和煤粒径)、热解反应器结构形式及热解工艺条件(原煤预处理、热解温度、压力、升温速率、停留时间、热解气氛及催化剂)等方面综合分析了煤热解焦油产率和品质的影响因素,认为通过优选煤种和热解反应器,对煤样进行适当预处理,选择合适的工艺操作条件和引入加氢催化热解等有助于提高焦油产率和品质。     

Ring contraction and dehydrogenation in polycyclic hydroaromatics at coal liquefaction temperatures

The thermal behaviour of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroanthracene and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12-dodecahydrotriphenylene has been observed over the temperature range 400–500 °C in the presence and absence of bituminous coal. It is shown that the ratio of ring contracted product to dehydrogenated product increases with increasing reaction temperature, but the amount of ring dehydrogenated product is increased considerably by the presence of coal. The decomposition reactions are similar to those reported for tetralin, except that the polycyclic hydroaromatics react at much lower temperatures, and also further degrade by ring cracking reactions.