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水生植物对河道形态影响的三维湍流模型 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
植被是河床和河岸稳定性指标中的一个重要参数,它主要通过影响水流结构进而影响河道的形态。本文建立曲线坐标系下的三维湍流模型研究水生植物对河道形态的影响,在水流控制方程中加入植物阻力项和植物密度项来描述水生植物对水动力特性的贡献,通过泥沙质量守恒方程求解河道变形,在适体网格中求解模型的控制方程。应用该三维模型数值模拟了矩形水槽内两侧交替布置的非淹没刚性植物对水流结构的影响以及梯形河道内两侧交替布置的非淹没刚性植物对河道形态的影响,数值计算结果与实测结果吻合良好。 相似文献
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副桥对河道水流影响的数值分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为分析副桥的修建对原河道水流特性的影响,以副桥工程为例,采用MIKE21水动力模型模拟了100年一遇设计洪水条件下河道内水位和流场的变化。结果表明:副桥修建后只是在桥墩附近产生一定的壅水和流场变化,对河道水流影响具有局部性。 相似文献
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河道拦沙坝附近的水流流态复杂,且行洪期受泥沙影响较大.河道拦沙坝对水流的影响可以通过三维水流数值计算进行分析.以某水道的拦沙坝的数学模型为计算实例,通过数值模拟出了该区域的三维流场分布,分析了拦沙坝对河道水流的流速和流场的影响特性.计算结果表明,拦沙坝对河道流场影响较大,最明显的区域为拦沙坝密集区附近,并且形成较大的涡流,对拦沙作用具有双重影响特性. 相似文献
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《水动力学研究与进展(A辑)》2015,(5)
前排桩是保护桥墩及保障通航安全的一种工程措施。为了探讨前排桩对桥墩周围水流通航条件的影响,该文采用RNG、k-?紊流模型对通航水域的桥墩流场及受前排桩保护桥墩的流场进行三维数值模拟。计算了各种前排桩布置形式下的水流特性,并与无前排桩保护的桥墩流场进行了对比分析,同时还进行了物模试验论证。结果表明前排桩设置后,桥墩墩前横流得到有效降低,桥墩两侧流态得到改善,桥墩周围不安全通航区域范围得到有效缩减,不安全区域范围的缩减与前排桩数量及前排桩与桥墩间的距离等因素有关。在模型试验和计算条件下,桥桩距在两倍墩宽时,桥墩周围通航不安全宽度最大范围可被缩减26.4%。 相似文献
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针对城市行洪河道桥梁群形成的叠加阻水效应问题,以南京市重要行洪通道秦淮河为例,考虑桥墩不过水边界等因素,建立了秦淮河涉水桥梁群的平面二维水流数学模型,对桥群阻水叠加效应进行量化分析。分析结果表明,河道上游水流受桥梁群阻水影响,水位壅高较为明显,壅水高度随桥墩数量的增加而增大。基于计算结果,推导出了桥梁群壅水高度计算公式,并通过滁河六合城区段桥群壅水叠加影响进行了验证,验证结果良好。同时,给出了桥墩在河道两侧及河道中心的位置影响系数值,阐明了桥群壅水叠加机理;所建立的壅水叠加公式较好地反映了河道桥群的阻水叠加效应,为城市河道桥群壅水叠加影响的量化分析研究提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。 相似文献
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The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects. 相似文献
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In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment. 相似文献
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V. K. Konovalov O. V. Yashkin V. V. Ermakov 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》2008,42(2):105-109
A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed
in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash
and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers
of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional
components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect
dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system,
configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants
of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered.
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Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008). 相似文献
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Peter B. Bayley 《河流研究与利用》1991,6(2):75-86
The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed. 相似文献
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简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式,分析其原因,提出了相应的处理方法及措施,并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。 相似文献