基于模糊三角数模糊神经网络的软件质量评价方法

用户对软件质量的评价与其体验密切相关,但由于软件产品的抽象性、复杂性以及用户需求的模糊性,目前软件质量评价方法都缺乏对该方面内容的关注,忽略了用户需求在软件质量评价中的作用。针对于此,考虑用户需求对软件质量的影响,将用户需求作为一种特殊的软件特性,构建了基于模糊三角数的模糊神经网络来处理软件开发过程中用户需求同软件特性之间的非线性关系,符合软件产品复杂性的特点,使软件质量评价结果更客观、全面。结果表明,基于模糊三角数模糊神经网络能够更好地反映用户需求同软件特性之间的非线性关系,是一种研究软件综合质量评价的有效方法。     

Some interesting properties of the fuzzy linguistic model based on discrete fuzzy numbers to manage hesitant fuzzy linguistic information

The management of hesitant fuzzy information is a topic of special interest in fuzzy decision making. In this paper, we focus on the use and properties of the fuzzy linguistic modelling based on discrete fuzzy numbers to manage hesitant fuzzy linguistic information. Among these properties, we can highlight the existence of aggregation functions with no need of transformations or the possibility of a greater flexibilization of the opinions of the experts, even using different linguistic chains (multigranularity). Furthermore, based on these properties we perform a comparison between this model and the one based on hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets, showing the advantages of the former with respect to the latter. Finally, a fuzzy decision making model based on discrete fuzzy numbers is proposed.     

多源信息云服务质量的犹豫模糊优劣IPA评价方法

为有效评价多源信息云服务质量水平,在IPA框架下提出了一种以指标优劣水平为性能度量的犹豫模糊方法。首先,从用户满意角度构建了多源信息云服务质量评价的IPA层次结构框架;接着,以犹豫模糊集表述评价信息,基于参考解依赖评价规则,融合TOPSIS方法的最优与最劣参考解和EDAS方法的平均参考解,提出了一种以指标优劣水平为性能度量的犹豫模糊IPA分析方法,用于多源信息云服务质量评估。此外,考虑到现有的犹豫模糊距离测度无法度量不对称信息问题,构建了一种基于Squared-χ2的犹豫模糊测度。最后,以东莞A企业多源信息云服务质量评价为实例进行分析,结果表明了该方法的可行性,并通过与近似方法的对比分析可知,该方法能够有效评价多源信息云服务质量。     

A fuzzy multi-objective model for capacity allocation and pricing policy of provider in data communication service with different QoS levels

Data communication service has an important influence on e-commerce. The key challenge for the users is, ultimately, to select a suitable provider. However, in this article, we do not focus on this aspect but the viewpoint and decision-making of providers for order allocation and pricing policy when orders exceed service capacity. It is a multiple criteria decision-making problem such as profit and cancellation ratio. Meanwhile, we know realistic situations in which much of the input information is uncertain. Thus, it becomes very complex in a real-life environment. In this situation, fuzzy sets theory is the best tool for solving this problem. Our fuzzy model is formulated in such a way as to simultaneously consider the imprecision of information, price sensitive demand, stochastic variables, cancellation fee and the general membership function. For solving the problem, a new fuzzy programming is developed. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the proposed method. The results show that it is effective for determining the suitable order set and pricing policy of provider in data communication service with different quality of service (QoS) levels.     

A fuzzy framework to evaluate service quality in the healthcare industry: An empirical case of public hospital service evaluation in Sicily

A novel fuzzy evaluation framework is applied in this study to evaluate service quality in the public healthcare sector. In particular, the proposed framework is based on the ServQual disconfirmation paradigm and incorporates the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to elicit reliable estimations of service quality expectations. Moreover, degrees of uncertainty, subjectivity and vagueness on the part of stakeholders are addressed via linguistic evaluation scales parameterized by triangular fuzzy numbers. With reference to nine relevant public hospitals in the Sicilian Region (Italy), a detailed case study evaluating four core service criteria and 15 fundamental service items is conducted so as to discern dissatisfying aspects regarding the public healthcare service in the Region. Dissatisfaction reasons with the provided service are identified in the analysis as well, further demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

The implementation of quality function deployment based on linguistic data

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a customer-driven quality management and product development system for achieving higher customer satisfaction. The QFD process involves various inputs in the form of linguistic data, e.g., human perception, judgment, and evaluation on importance or relationship strength. Such data are usually ambiguous and uncertain. An aim of this paper is to examine the implementation of QFD under a fuzzy environment and to develop corresponding procedures to deal with the fuzzy data. It presented a process model using linguistic variables, fuzzy arithmetic, and defuzzification techniques. Based on an example, this paper further examined the sensitivity of the ranking of technical characteristics to the defuzzification strategy and the degree of fuzziness of fuzzy numbers. Results indicated that selection of the defuzzification strategy and membership function are important. This proposed fuzzy approach allows QFD users to avoid subjective and arbitrary quantification of linguistic data. The paper also presents a scheme to represent and interprete the results.     

Evaluating the quality of airport service using the fuzzy multi‐criteria decision‐making method: a case study of Taiwanese airports

In today's highly competitive air transportation environment, the quality of airport service is an important issue. In this paper, we present a fuzzy multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) method for the evaluation of the quality of airport service. The data are collected from the passengers who depart from two international airports in Taiwan. The fuzzy MCDM model is defuzzied using the inverse function arithmetic representation method. The results show that the average quality of the Taoyuan International Airport service is better than that of the Kaohsiung International Airport service. This paper also analyses the quality of airport service using the fuzzy expert system to improve the performance of airport service. The analysis results show that the Kaohsiung International Airport and the Taoyuan International Airports' improvement efforts should be concentrated on seven and five specific service items, respectively. The findings of this paper are to help the decision‐makers and the managers of airports improve the quality of airport service.     

Using heuristic algorithms for capacity leasing and task allocation issues in telecommunication networks under fuzzy quality of service constraints

Nowadays, every firm uses telecommunication networks in different amounts and ways in order to complete their daily operations. In this article, we investigate an optimisation problem that a firm faces when acquiring network capacity from a market in which there exist several network providers offering different pricing and quality of service (QoS) schemes. The QoS level guaranteed by network providers and the minimum quality level of service, which is needed for accomplishing the operations are denoted as fuzzy numbers in order to handle the non-deterministic nature of the telecommunication network environment. Interestingly, the mathematical formulation of the aforementioned problem leads to the special case of a well-known two-dimensional bin packing problem, which is famous for its computational complexity. We propose two different heuristic solution procedures that have the capability of solving the resulting nonlinear mixed integer programming model with fuzzy constraints. In conclusion, the efficiency of each algorithm is tested in several test instances to demonstrate the applicability of the methodology.     

基于犹豫模糊集的软件质量评价模型

提出一种基于犹豫模糊集的软件质量评价模型。首先,根据专家打分,将犹豫模糊集与直觉模糊集相结合,得出软件质量特性的综合犹豫模糊评价矩阵;然后,通过计算犹豫模糊广义比较表,得出软件各质量属性得分;最后根据得分情况给出软件的质量排序。该模型较好地解决了专家对软件质量指标进行评价时的犹豫性问题。具体的案例分析表明,所提出的软件质量评价模型是可行、有效的。     

基于犹豫语言决策模型的数据产品服务商选择

针对属性值为犹豫模糊语言元的多属性决策问题,建立基于犹豫模糊语言可能度的线性分配决策模型。首先,基于犹豫模糊语言元的包络转化方法,分别定义了犹豫模糊语言元间的可能度和相对差异指数等概念;其次探究发现可能度矩阵和相对差异矩阵均为互补判断矩阵,并设计了犹豫模糊语言元的最优度计算公式;最后,在犹豫模糊语言信息环境下,构建了一种新的线性分配决策模型用以确定各备选方案的综合最优度,进而遴选出最优方案。实验结果表明,提出的决策模型是可行和有效的。     

Representing complex intuitionistic fuzzy set by quaternion numbers and applications to decision making

Intuitionistic fuzzy sets are useful for modeling uncertain data of realistic problems. In this paper, we generalize and expand the utility of complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets using the space of quaternion numbers. The proposed representation can capture composite features and convey multi-dimensional fuzzy information via the functions of real membership, imaginary membership, real non-membership, and imaginary non-membership. We analyze the order relations and logic operations of the complex intuitionistic fuzzy set theory and introduce new operations based on quaternion numbers. We also present two quaternion distance measures in algebraic and polar forms and analyze their properties. We apply the quaternion representations and measures to decision-making models. The proposed model is experimentally validated in medical diagnosis, which is an emerging application for tackling patient’s symptoms and attributes of diseases.     

Normalised fuzzy index for research ranking

ABSTRACT

There are great interests of designing research metrics and indices to measure the research impacts in research institutes. Unfortunately, most of those indices ignore critical design issues, e.g. the disparity between domains, the impact of journals or conferences in which papers are published, normalising the range of the index values to certain intervals, and the scalability of using the index to rank different research entities. In this paper, a new normalised fuzzy index, (NF_index), is proposed as a fuzzy-based research impact metric. The proposed index is a scalable index whose values are normalised to the percentage levels. NF_index achieves both inter-discipline normalisation and intra-discipline consistency. The capability of NF_index to achieve the inter-discipline normalisation enables fair comparison between different research domains regardless their nature in terms of influence and contribution to other research areas, e.g. natural science. Therefore, NF_index gives a universal normalised single-number metric that can be used by research institutes to solve the problem of inter-discipline scholar ranking. Moreover, it can help universal ranking of universities and research institutes according to their research capabilities and impacts. The obtained results, on diverse research areas, prove the potential of NF_index in terms of both intra-discipline consistency and inter-discipline normalisation.     

软件质量的模糊综合评判研究与应用

通过软件质量的模糊综合评估实践,首先分析了原模糊综合评判算法模型中以“取大取小”运算而使评估过程中产生大量有效信息丢失并导致评估结果出现过于简单化、绝对化的不足和缺陷,进而重点研究如何在保留原模糊综合评估算法良好结构的基础上将“取大取小”运算转变为矩阵乘法运算的改造,并以此建立适应现代软件质量综合评估需求的新算法模型实施软件质量的可计算化评估,提高了软件质量评估的准确性、实用性和可靠性。     

含模糊语言量词的SQL查询技术研究

目前 SQL模糊扩展查询已经研究了带权重的模糊简单查询、复合查询、多表查询、子查询、全关系查询等,在一定程度上解决了查询中的模糊型问题 ,但对于带模糊语言量词的查询研究不多。基于 Zadeh的模糊理论将模糊理论与 SQL系统函数相结合 ,提出了一种解决含模糊语言量词的 SQL查询方法 ,进一步丰富了 SQL模糊查询体系 ,扩展了 SQL模糊查询的应用范围 ,提高了查询能力。     

Consensus reaching process for fuzzy behavioral TOPSIS method with probabilistic linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy set based on correlation measure

The paper proposes a consensus reaching process for fuzzy behavioral TOPSIS method with probabilistic linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (PLq-ROFSs) based on correlation measure. First, the operational laws of adjusted PLq-ROFSs based on linguistic scale function (LSF) for semantics of linguistic terms are introduced, where the PLq-ROFSs have same probability space. In addition, we define the score function and accuracy function of PLq-ROFS based on the proposed operational laws to compare the PLq-ROFSs. Furthermore, we propose the probabilistic linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy weighted averaging (PLq-ROFWA) operator and the probabilistic linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy order weighted averaging (PLq-ROFOWA) operator to aggregate the linguistic decision information. Considering the inconsistency between the individual information and aggregated information in decision-making process and the demiddle of given linguistic sets tocision makers' behavioral factors, we define a new correlation measure based on LSF to develop a consensus reaching process for fuzzy behavioral TOPSIS method with PLq-ROFSs. Finally, a numerical example concerning the selection of optimal green enterprise is given to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method and some comparative analyses with the existing methods are given to show its effectiveness. The sensitivity analysis and stability analysis of the proposed method on the ranking results are also discussed.     

Routine design with information content and fuzzy quality function deployment

Design can be classified into four basic categories: creative design, innovative design, redesign, and routine design. This paper describes a method for performing routine design by utilizing information content and fuzzy quality function deployment. An attempt has been made to associate with each critical characteristic of a product a value representing the information content, which is a measure of probability that a system can produce the parts as specified by the designer, using a specific manufacturing technology for making the parts. Once the information content of each design alternative is computed, the system will select an alternative with the minimum amount of information content. The proposed method provides us with a means for solving the critical design evaluation and validation problem.     

局部模糊综合评价方法及其在健康普适服务中的应用*

提出一种基于社区健康指数的服务质量评价模型。该模型采用局部模糊的综合评价法,根据指标性质灵活采用模糊评价和综合评价,减少了评价指标的数据丢失;此外,采用主客观结合的方式,自顶向下确定指标的权重,增强了权重值的可信度。实验证明该模型提高了评价的准确性,具有很强的实用价值。     

模糊综合评判法在多媒体CAI课件质量评价中的应用

文章阐明了对多媒体CAI（Multimedia Computer Aided Instruction，MCAI）课件进行质量评价的重要性，提出了一个较全面、实用的MCAI课件质量评价标准，采用工程方案设计中的模糊理论，构建MCAI课件质量评价的模糊综合评价模型，并对MCAI质量评价指标体系中的诸因素实行模糊定量分析，以得到更加客观、科学的综合评价结果。     

支持QoS和用户需求的Web服务选择模糊算法*

基于QoS的Web服务选择能为用户提供更好的服务质量,而基于用户对QoS的需求和偏好的模糊性来进行Web服务选择是其中的一种方法。如何通过这种方法合理地获得最优候选服务集,是Web服务架构亟待解决的一个问题。本文提出了一种支持QoS和用户需求的Web服务选择模糊算法,该算法将用户对QoS的需求及偏好的语言描述进行去模糊化,然后选择出最符合用户需求的服务集。通过对模拟的服务质量数据进行实验,验证了该算法的优越性和有效性。     

一种基于三角模糊数多指标信息的FCM 聚类算法

针对一类具有不确定性三角模糊数多指标信息的聚类分析问题，基于传统的数值信息FCM聚类算法，提出一种新的聚类分析算法．首先描述了具有三角模糊数多指标信息的聚类分析问题，提出并证明了基于三角模糊数多指标信息的关于最优划分和最优聚类中心确定的两个定理；然后根据这两个定理，进一步给出了基于三角模糊数信息的FCM聚类算法的迭代步骤；最后通过一个算例说明了该聚类算法的具体应用．